Current topics in behavioral neurosciences最新文献_第10页

Transcriptomics : Approaches to Quantifying Gene Expression and Their Application to Studying the Human Brain. 转录组学：量化基因表达的方法及其在人脑研究中的应用》（Transcriptomics : Approaches to Quantifying Gene Expression and Their Application to Studying the Human Brain）。

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_466

Lora Liharska, Alexander Charney

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Large-Scale Population-Based Studies of Blood Metabolome and Brain Health. 基于人群的大规模血液代谢组与大脑健康研究。

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_463

Zdenka Pausova, Eeva Sliz

{"title":"Large-Scale Population-Based Studies of Blood Metabolome and Brain Health.","authors":"Zdenka Pausova, Eeva Sliz","doi":"10.1007/7854_2024_463","DOIUrl":"10.1007/7854_2024_463","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolomics technologies enable the quantification of multiple metabolomic measures simultaneously, which provides novel insights into molecular aspects of human health and disease. In large-scale, population-based studies, blood is often the preferred biospecimen. Circulating metabolome may relate to brain health either by affecting or reflecting brain metabolism. Peripheral metabolites may act at or cross the blood-brain barrier and, subsequently, influence brain metabolism, or they may reflect brain metabolism if similar pathways are engaged. Peripheral metabolites may also include those penetrating the circulation from the brain, indicating, for example, brain damage. Most brain health-related metabolomics studies have been conducted in the context of neurodegenerative disorders and cognition, but some studies have also focused on neuroimaging markers of these disorders. Moreover, several metabolomics studies of neurodevelopmental disorders have been performed. Here, we provide a brief background on the types of blood metabolites commonly assessed, and we review the literature describing the relationships between human blood metabolome (n > 50 metabolites) and brain health reported in large-scale studies (n > 500 individuals).","PeriodicalId":11257,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in behavioral neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"177-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140174113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Exercise and Anxiety. 运动与焦虑

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_498

Kevin M Crombie, Patrick J O'Connor

{"title":"Exercise and Anxiety.","authors":"Kevin M Crombie, Patrick J O'Connor","doi":"10.1007/7854_2024_498","DOIUrl":"10.1007/7854_2024_498","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety disorders are among the most commonly diagnosed mental health disorders in the United States - affecting over 40 million adults per year. Although anxiety disorders are commonly treated via psychotherapy and/or pharmacotherapy, there is also accumulating evidence to suggest that physical activity and exercise may play an important role in prevention and treatment. This chapter provides an extensive overview of literature examining the effects of physical activity, acute bouts of exercise, and chronic exercise training on several anxiety outcomes, primarily in adults. The collective evidence to date suggests that: (1) an acute bout of aerobic or resistance exercise generally results in reductions in state anxiety among adults with and without clinical anxiety disorders, (2) greater levels of physical activity are associated with fewer anxiety symptoms and a reduced likelihood of developing an anxiety disorder, (3) exercise training (aerobic and resistance) appears to reduce general anxiety symptoms in adults without a clinical anxiety disorder and adults with a chronic illness (e.g., cardiovascular disease) and may reduce disorder-specific symptoms of anxiety in adults with a clinical anxiety disorder. Although the collective body of evidence is promising, there is a need for additional well-designed and adequately powered randomized controlled trials, especially among adults with clinical anxiety disorders.","PeriodicalId":11257,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in behavioral neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"199-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141855093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Pramipexole for the Treatment of Depression: Efficacy and Mechanisms. 普拉克索治疗抑郁症的疗效及机制。

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2023_458

Don Chamith Halahakoon, Michael Browning

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Mechanisms of Action of TMS in the Treatment of Depression. TMS 治疗抑郁症的作用机制。

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_483

Jonathan Downar, Shan H Siddiqi, Anish Mitra, Nolan Williams, Conor Liston

{"title":"Mechanisms of Action of TMS in the Treatment of Depression.","authors":"Jonathan Downar, Shan H Siddiqi, Anish Mitra, Nolan Williams, Conor Liston","doi":"10.1007/7854_2024_483","DOIUrl":"10.1007/7854_2024_483","url":null,"abstract":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is entering increasingly widespread use in treating depression. The most common stimulation target, in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), emerged from early neuroimaging studies in depression. Recently, more rigorous casual methods have revealed whole-brain target networks and anti-networks based on the effects of focal brain lesions and focal brain stimulation on depression symptoms. Symptom improvement during therapeutic DLPFC-TMS appears to involve directional changes in signaling between the DLPFC, subgenual and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and salience-network regions. However, different networks may be involved in the therapeutic mechanisms for other TMS targets in depression, such as dorsomedial prefrontal cortex or orbitofrontal cortex. The durability of therapeutic effects for TMS involves synaptic neuroplasticity, and specifically may depend upon dopamine acting at the D1 receptor family, as well as NMDA-receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity mechanisms. Although TMS protocols are classically considered 'excitatory' or 'inhibitory', the actual effects in individuals appear quite variable, and might be better understood at the level of populations of synapses rather than individual synapses. Synaptic meta-plasticity may provide a built-in protective mechanism to avoid runaway facilitation or inhibition during treatment, and may account for the relatively small number of patients who worsen rather than improve with TMS. From an ethological perspective, the antidepressant effects of TMS may involve promoting a whole-brain attractor state associated with foraging/hunting behaviors, centered on the rostrolateral periaqueductal gray and salience network, and suppressing an attractor state associated with passive threat defense, centered on the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray and default-mode network.","PeriodicalId":11257,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in behavioral neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"233-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141283252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Large-Scale Neuroimaging of Mental Illness. 精神疾病的大规模神经成像。

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_462

Christopher R K Ching, Melody J Y Kang, Paul M Thompson

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Genetic Architecture of Neurological Disorders and Their Endophenotypes: Insights from Genetic Association Studies. 神经系统疾病的遗传结构及其内表型：遗传关联研究的启示

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_513

Muralidharan Sargurupremraj

{"title":"Genetic Architecture of Neurological Disorders and Their Endophenotypes: Insights from Genetic Association Studies.","authors":"Muralidharan Sargurupremraj","doi":"10.1007/7854_2024_513","DOIUrl":"10.1007/7854_2024_513","url":null,"abstract":"Population-scale genetic association studies of complex neurologic diseases have identified the underlying genetic architecture as multifactorial. Despite the study sample sizes reaching the millions, the identified disease-related genes explain only a small fraction of the phenotypic variance. Notable advancements in statistical methods now enable researchers to gain insights even from genomic regions where genotype-phenotype associations do not reach statistical significance. Such studies confirm a highly interconnected molecular network comprising a core group of genes directly involved in the disease process, alongside an expanded peripheral network, each contributing a small but potentially important (modulatory) effect. Additionally, causal inference methods, utilizing genetic instruments, have shed light on putative causal links between risk factors and clinical endpoints. In light of the pervasive genetic overlap or pleiotropy, however, caution is warranted in interpreting causal relationships inferred from these analyses. In this chapter, I will introduce the genetic association model, provide insights into the current state of genetic association studies, and discuss potential future directions.","PeriodicalId":11257,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in behavioral neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"109-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141975292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leveraging Generative AI Models in Urban Science. 在城市科学中利用人工智能生成模型

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_482

J Balsa-Barreiro, M Cebrián, M Menéndez, K Axhausen

{"title":"Leveraging Generative AI Models in Urban Science.","authors":"J Balsa-Barreiro, M Cebrián, M Menéndez, K Axhausen","doi":"10.1007/7854_2024_482","DOIUrl":"10.1007/7854_2024_482","url":null,"abstract":"Since the late 2000s, cities have emerged as the primary human habitat across the globe, and this trend is anticipated to continue strengthening in the coming decades. As we increasingly inhabit human-designed urban spaces, it becomes crucial to understanding better how these environments influence human behavior and how individuals perceive the city. In this chapter, we begin by examining the interplay between urban form and social behavior, highlighting key indicators of urban morphology, and presenting state-of-the-art methodologies for data collection. Subsequently, we harness the computational capability of foundation models, the latest Artificial Intelligence (AI) generation, to simulate interactions between individuals and urban built environments in a diverse group of 21 cities across the globe. Through this exploration, we scrutinize the models' capacity to encapsulate the intricate complexities of how individuals behave and perceive cities. These examples demonstrate the potential of advanced AI systems to assist urban scientists in understanding cities, emphasizing the necessity for a meticulous evaluation of their capabilities and limitations for the optimal application of Generative AI in urban research and policymaking.","PeriodicalId":11257,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in behavioral neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"239-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141733754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exercise and Protection from Age-Related Cognitive Decline. 运动与防止老年性认知功能衰退

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_501

J Carson Smith, Daniel D Callow, Gabriel S Pena, Yash Kommula, Naomi Arnold-Nedimala, Junyeon Won, Kristy A Nielson

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Influence of Regular Physical Activity on Sleep. 有规律的体育锻炼对睡眠的影响

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_503

Melissa J McGranahan, Patrick J O'Connor

{"title":"Influence of Regular Physical Activity on Sleep.","authors":"Melissa J McGranahan, Patrick J O'Connor","doi":"10.1007/7854_2024_503","DOIUrl":"10.1007/7854_2024_503","url":null,"abstract":"Good sleep and adequate physical activity are essential to health. Yet, large numbers of people are chronically deficient in sleep and physical activity. About 1 in 3 Americans get less than 7 h of sleep per night and only 1 of 4 adults regularly complete weekly physical activity in amounts recommended for good health. This chapter reviews research that has examined relationships between regular physical activity and sleep. The overall weight of evidence supports that regular physical activity is associated with better sleep quality among healthy adults, with epidemiological studies showing moderate-sized effects and more well-controlled randomized controlled trial experiments often showing larger effects. Large epidemiology studies suggest that the relationship between regular physical activity and better sleep quality may partially mediate the well-established associations between physical activity and reduced risk of mortality, cardiovascular diseases, and dementia. There is evidence that the completion of regular physical activity also is associated with better sleep quality among those with certain sleep disorders (i.e., insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and restless legs syndrome), mental health disorders (i.e., depression and posttraumatic stress disorder), and medical illnesses (i.e., breast cancer survivors). The evidence is inadequate to support that regular physical activity substantially improves sleep quality either (i) in children, adolescents, and older adults, (ii) in those with cancers except for breast cancer, (iii) in those with fibromyalgia, or (iv) among those with chronic kidney disease. Also, there is inadequate evidence to conclude that sleep quality is disrupted during weeks when competitive athletes engage in periods of overtraining.","PeriodicalId":11257,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in behavioral neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"309-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141855125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0