Diabetes research and clinical practice最新文献

{"title":"Time in tight glucose range in adolescents and young adults with diabetes during Ramadan intermittent fasting: Data from real-world users on different treatment strategies","authors":"Nancy Samir Elbarbary ,&nbsp;Eman Abdel Rahman Ismail","doi":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Time in tight range (TITR) is a novel glycemic metric assessing normoglycemia in individuals with diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To assess the attainability of the TITR (70–140 mg/dL) target in youth with diabetes using different treatment strategies during Ramadan fasting.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective study included 276 non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 426 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who were categorized into: multiple daily injections [MDI] + intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM), sensor augmented pump (SAP) and advanced hybrid closed loop (AHCL).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At the end of Ramadan, the mean TITR was 42.3 ± 6.6 % for all T1DM patients and 63.5 ± 4.0 % in T2DM (p &lt; 0.001). The highest TITR was in T2DM group together with T1DM on AHCL (62.3 ± 11.6 %), followed by SAP group (37.7 ± 5.7 %) and MDI + isCGM group (23.6 ± 5.9 %, p &lt; 0.001). Hypoglycemic episodes as shown by time below range (TBR) &lt; 70 mg/dL and TBR &lt; 54 mg/dL were minimal during Ramadan in AHCL group in comparison to before Ramadan (2.6 ± 0.7 versus 2.9 ± 0.9 %; p = 0.061 and 0.4 ± 0.1 vs 0.5 ± 0.1 %, p = 0.561, respectively) with a lower coefficient of variation (CoV) (p &lt; 0.001) than other T1DM participants.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>At the end of Ramadan, TITR was decreased in patients with T1DM except those using AHCL who had similar levels to non-insulin-treated T2DM patients. Advanced technology has the potential for achieving tight glycemic targets, along with a reduction in CoV, without increasing hypoglycemic risk compared with other insulin treatment modalities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11249,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes research and clinical practice","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 112042"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical review on SGLT2 inhibitors for diabetes mellitus, renal health, and cardiovascular conditions","authors":"Nitish Kumar ,&nbsp;Bimlesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Sumel Ashique ,&nbsp;Sabina Yasmin ,&nbsp;Kumar Venkatesan ,&nbsp;Anas Islam ,&nbsp;Suman Ghosh ,&nbsp;Anwesha Sahu ,&nbsp;Utpal Bhui ,&nbsp;Mohammad Yousuf Ansari","doi":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) were originally formulated to reduce blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes. Recent clinical trials indicate that this compound can be repurposed for other critical conditions. A literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest, and Google Scholar, utilizing key terms such as SGLT2i, diabetes, and oxidative stress. SGLT2i has significant beneficial effects not only in cardiovascular disease but also in renal dysfunction. SGLT2i therapy can mitigate critical cardiovascular complications like heart attacks, strokes, mortality rates, and hospitalization duration, as well as delay the necessity for dialysis irrespective of diabetic condition. Evidence supports potential advantages of SGLT2 inhibitors for individuals with renal problems and heart failure, regardless of diabetes status. In addition to diabetic mellitus, this analysis explores the latest updates on SGLT2i and the therapeutic advantages it offers in many renal and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11249,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes research and clinical practice","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 112050"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased risk of dementia in Type 1 diabetes: A systematic review with meta-analysis","authors":"Lily Li ,&nbsp;Dana Wong ,&nbsp;Caroline A. Fisher ,&nbsp;Jennifer J. Conn ,&nbsp;Paul R. Wraight ,&nbsp;Alexandra Davies ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Barson ,&nbsp;Kerryn E. Pike","doi":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This systematic review and <em>meta</em>-analysis aimed to synthesize evidence on the association between Type 1 diabetes mellitus (Type 1 diabetes) and dementia risk. A systematic search of CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PSYCINFO, and Web of Science databases identified 19 relevant studies for inclusion. Studies, published in English, were assessed for quality using the QUADAS-2 tool, and data were extracted for synthesis. A <em>meta</em>-analysis of six studies reporting hazard ratios (HR) for dementia risk in individuals with Type 1 diabetes versus controls was conducted. The pooled HR for all-cause dementia was 1.50 (95 % CI: 1.25–1.80, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), indicating a 50 % increased risk of dementia in people with Type 1 diabetes compared to controls. This review provides robust evidence linking Type 1 diabetes to increased dementia risk and highlights the need for targeted screening and preventive strategies for this population. Further research is necessary to explore the mechanisms underlying the association between Type 1 diabetes and dementia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11249,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes research and clinical practice","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 112043"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Switching to insulin lispro U-200 in a pregnant woman using a 780G advanced hybrid closed-loop led to a rapid improvement in glucose metrics","authors":"Lilian C. Mendoza ,&nbsp;Ohad Cohen ,&nbsp;Vittorino Smaniotto ,&nbsp;Rosa Corcoy","doi":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maintaining tight glucose levels during pregnancy is crucial and challenging. We describe a pregnant woman with type 1 diabetes and obesity, treated with an advanced hybrid closed-loop MiniMed 780G since pre-pregnancy, who displayed a sustained improvement in her glucometrics after switching to lispro U-200.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11249,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes research and clinical practice","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 112047"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-pharmacological management strategies for type 2 diabetes in children and young adults: A systematic review","authors":"Marylin Carino ,&nbsp;Ru Hui New ,&nbsp;Jonathan Nguyen ,&nbsp;Renae Kirkham ,&nbsp;Louise Maple-Brown ,&nbsp;Angela Titmuss ,&nbsp;Diana MacKay","doi":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The evidence for effective non-pharmacological management of type 2 diabetes in children and young adults is scarce. This systematic review aims to identify the available evidence for non-pharmacological interventions in managing type 2 diabetes in children and young adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search of OVID MEDLINE, Ovid Emcare, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane, APA PsycINFO, Joanna Briggs, ACP Journal Club, Global Health, Scopus databases, INFORMIT, Circumpolar Health, Native Health Database, Indigenous Studies Portal, OpenGrey and <span><span>Clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> was performed up to March 2024. Information on author, year, study design, setting and population, intervention characteristics, and results were extracted by three reviewers independently.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seven studies met criteria for inclusion. Very low-energy diet (VLED) was associated with reduction in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), weight, and body mass index (BMI). No other interventions (intensive group-based lifestyle program, occupational-therapist conducted support program or peer support program) improved HbA1c. Interventions positively impacted well-being, mental health and cardiometabolic outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Evidence for non-pharmacological management of youth onset type 2 diabetes is scarce. Available evidence demonstrated that VLED is associated with improved glycemia and weight loss. The role of social support from peers, family, and health professionals shows mixed results<strong>.</strong></div></div>","PeriodicalId":11249,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes research and clinical practice","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 112045"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of resistance training on blood pressure and resting heart rate in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Ruihao Lin ,&nbsp;Kairan Yang ,&nbsp;Hengtao Guo,&nbsp;Xiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This <em>meta</em>-analysis assessed the impacts of resistance training on hemodynamic outcomes, including blood pressure and heart rate, in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Four databases were searched following PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing resistance training to usual care were included if they evaluated systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), heart rate, and maximum oxygen uptake (VO_2max) in adults with T2D. Random-effects models were used to calculate mean differences, with corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Twenty-six RCTs were included. Resistance training significantly reduced SBP by −4.13 mmHg (95 % CI: −6.40, −1.85; p = 0.0004) and DBP by −2.03 mmHg (95 % CI: −3.69, −0.38; p = 0.02), with greater reductions in interventions lasting over 12 weeks. Resting heart rate decreased by −3.17 bpm (95 % CI: −6.33, −0.01; p = 0.05) and VO_2max improved by 0.27 ml/kg/min (95 % CI: 0.02, 0.53; p = 0.04). Meta-regression revealed that intervention duration, session frequency, and study quality did not significantly explain the observed heterogeneity. Resistance training effectively improves hemodynamic outcomes T2D patients, but high heterogeneity in blood pressure outcomes and limited subgroup data on specific subgroups (e.g., women) restrict generalizability. Further research should explore heterogeneity sources and optimize resistance training protocols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11249,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes research and clinical practice","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 112016"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimated costs of treating two standardised diabetes-related foot ulcers of different severity – A comparison of 7 global regions","authors":"Ketan Dhatariya ,&nbsp;Zulfiqarali G. Abbas ,&nbsp;On behalf of the 7 Regions Foot Ulcer Costs Study Group","doi":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To determine estimated costs to treat two hypothetical diabetes related foot ulcers of differing severity in different World Health Organization regions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Descriptions of two standardised diabetes related foot ulcers of differing severity were sent to foot teams. Each centre was sent a picture and description of the ulcers, and a series of potential interventions. Respondents were asked to estimate how much each intervention would cost in their centre, and how many times each would be required before the ulcer would heal. These estimated costs were converted to US dollars.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Responses were received from 51 centres. Estimated costs for treating each wound were highest in the North America and Caribbean region. The average estimated cost of treating the milder wound was $2,942, (range $79–$17,758). Relative costs compared to those of North America and the Caribbean ranged from 0.36 to 0.75. The average time needed to cover the estimated costs of treating the wound was 8.6 (0.3–62.3) months’ salary. The average estimated cost of treating the more severe wound was $17,403, ($546-$67,178). Relative costs ranged from 0.06 to 0.69. The average time needed to cover the estimated costs of treating the wound was 22.7 (0.2–98.3) months’ salary.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The estimated costs of treating ulcers vary widely across the world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11249,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes research and clinical practice","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 112036"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediabetes and sleep patterns: Linking poor sleep to adverse outcomes through metabolic syndrome","authors":"Zixuan Huang ,&nbsp;Jie Deng ,&nbsp;Hang Li ,&nbsp;Shubin Fang ,&nbsp;Yi Wei ,&nbsp;Wenbin Lei ,&nbsp;Weiping Wen ,&nbsp;Lin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>Evaluate how sleep patterns are associated with the risk of adverse health outcomes in individuals with prediabetes, and explore the potential mediating role of metabolic syndrome in these associations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We assessed 44,938 adults with prediabetes from the UK Biobank. Sleep health was evaluated using sleep pattern, comprised of five sleep factors. Mediation analysis was performed to explore the potential mediating role of metabolic syndrome.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Unhealthy sleep patterns were linked to a higher risk of adverse outcomes. Compared to those with a healthy sleep pattern, individuals with an intermediate sleep pattern had a higher propensity to develop adverse outcomes (HRs ranging from 1.07 to 1.31). Respectively, those with a poor sleep pattern also had an increased risk for these outcomes (HRs ranging from 1.21 to 1.92). For each poor sleep factor increase, the risk of these adverse outcomes increased by 4% to 23%. Metabolic syndrome may partially mediate, with mediation proportions ranging from 0.94% to 9.61%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In adults with prediabetes, both poor and intermediate sleep patterns are associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Metabolic syndrome partially mediates the relationship between sleep patterns and adverse outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11249,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes research and clinical practice","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 112044"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triglyceride-glucose index in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Marta García-Poblet ,&nbsp;Ana Pilar Nso-Roca ,&nbsp;José Miguel Martínez-Sanz ,&nbsp;Isabel Sospedra","doi":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aim</h3><div>Even though HbA1c can be obtained easily and accurately by blood test, the cost may limit its availability for some patients and their proper follow-up. The triglyceride-glucose index has been shown to have an association with HbA1c in other populations, but it hasn’t been studied in adolescents with T1DM yet. The aim of this study is to assess the association of TyG index with glycaemic control in adolescents with T1DM.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included a sample of 36 adolescents (50% female) from the paediatric unit of the San Juan Hospital in Alicante (Spain). Data on sociodemographics, growth parameters, glycaemic control, and blood tests results were collected after routine visits.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A higher TyG index was statistically associated with a higher BMI, percentile and z-score, a higher triglyceride, HbA1c and glucose levels and with the triglycerides/HDL, the total cholesterol/HDL, the TyG-BMI and the TyG-waist circumference indexes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The TyG index is a simple and non-invasive biomarker that could serve as a valuable adjunct to HbA1c monitoring in adolescents with T1DM. It may have a potential utility as a screening tool for early identification of patients at risk for developing metabolic complications such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11249,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes research and clinical practice","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 112048"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In humans increase in intrapancreatic adipose tissue predicts beta-cell dedifferentiation score before diabetes onset: A pilot study","authors":"Francesca Cinti ,&nbsp;Teresa Mezza ,&nbsp;Ilenia Severi ,&nbsp;Simona Moffa ,&nbsp;Gianfranco Di Giuseppe ,&nbsp;Umberto Capece ,&nbsp;Gea Ciccarelli ,&nbsp;Laura Soldovieri ,&nbsp;Michela Brunetti ,&nbsp;Cassandra Morciano ,&nbsp;Shawn Gugliandolo ,&nbsp;Martina Senzacqua ,&nbsp;Adriana Avolio ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Quero ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Tondolo ,&nbsp;Enrico Celestino Nista ,&nbsp;Rossana Moroni ,&nbsp;Saverio Cinti ,&nbsp;Sergio Alfieri ,&nbsp;Antonio Gasbarrini ,&nbsp;Andrea Giaccari","doi":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The role of intrapancreatic fat (WAT) in the development of T2D remains debated. In T2D, β-cell dedifferentiation is one of the mechanisms responsible for β-cell failure but its role in prediabetes is unknown. We aimed to investigate the relation between WAT and β-cell dedifferentiation prior to diabetes onset.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We evaluated pancreatic samples from patients without history of diabetes, who had previously undergone an oral glucose tolerance test and hyperglycemic clamp. Subjects were divided into 3 glucose tolerance groups: normal (NGT), altered (IGT) or newly diagnosed diabetes (nDM). Dedifferentiation and WAT% were morphologically assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>WAT was higher in nDM patients compared to NGT and IGT (WAT nDM 43.79 ± 20.83 %, IGT 10.67 ± 8.5 %, NGT 4.43 ± 4.37 %). We observed a progressive increase in dedifferentiation score, in parallel with worsening glucose tolerance (from NGT to IGT to nDM; 4.8 ± 3.8; 32.37 ± 7.4; 40.38 ± 19 respectively). A strong linear regression established that WAT could statistically significantly predict dedifferentiated β-cells (R = 0.86, p = 0.005), and that the predicted increase in dedifferentiated β-cells was 1.25 points for every extra one-point change in WAT. Interestingly, the WAT and dedifferentiation score variable pair were significantly related to 1-hour post-load glycemia.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The accumulation of WAT might be responsible for dedifferentiation, making it a potential new target to curb diabetes onset.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11249,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes research and clinical practice","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 112029"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}