Diabetes research and clinical practice最新文献

Towards equitable access of innovative technologies such as continuous glucose monitoring and artificial intelligence for diabetes management

IF 6.1 3区医学

Diabetes research and clinical practice Pub Date : 2025-03-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112157

Alicia J. Jenkins , Noriko Kodani , Ranjit Mohan Anjana , Harish Ranjani , Elaine Chow , Young Min Cho , Ronald Ching Wan Ma

引用次数: 0

Hypomagnesemia induces impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in patients with Gitelman syndrome.

IF 6.1 3区医学

Diabetes research and clinical practice Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112160

Yu Xin, Yaqi Yin, Lili Zhu, Yuepeng Wang, Ting Wu, Junjie Xu, Zang Li

{"title":"Hypomagnesemia induces impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in patients with Gitelman syndrome.","authors":"Yu Xin, Yaqi Yin, Lili Zhu, Yuepeng Wang, Ting Wu, Junjie Xu, Zang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the contributing factors of impaired glucose metabolism in patients with Gitelman syndrome (GS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study collected clinical data and conducted oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) on 44 GS patients, with 60 non-functioning adrenal incidentaloma (NFAI) patients serving as controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to NFAI patients, GS patients exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism (P < 0.001), with markedly higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lower quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, and lower Matsuda index compared to NFAI patients (all P < 0.001). The homeostasis model assessment for β cells was elevated (P = 0.003) and the insulin secretion sensitivity index was reduced (P = 0.007) in GS patients relative to NFAI patients. Logistic regression identified hypomagnesemia (P = 0.042) and hypokalemia (P = 0.046) as risk factors for dysregulated glucose metabolism in GS patients. Additionally, higher body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.016) and hypomagnesemia (P = 0.045) were significant contributors to IR. Notably, GS patients had a steeper linear regression slope between BMI and HOMA-IR compared to NFAI patients (P = 0.016). A negative linear correlation between plasma magnesium and BMI (R = 0.54, P < 0.001) was found in GS patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hypomagnesemia may contribute to increased BMI, exacerbating impaired glucose metabolism and IR in GS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11249,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes research and clinical practice","volume":" ","pages":"112160"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

National trends in per-capita medical expenditures among U.S. adults with diabetes, 2000–2022

IF 6.1 3区医学

Diabetes research and clinical practice Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112154

Shichao Tang, Yu Wang, Xilin Zhou, Ping Zhang

{"title":"National trends in per-capita medical expenditures among U.S. adults with diabetes, 2000–2022","authors":"Shichao Tang, Yu Wang, Xilin Zhou, Ping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To examine the national trend in per-capita medical expenditures among U.S. adults with diabetes from 2000 to 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey in U.S. adults aged ≥18 years with self-reported diabetes. We calculated the expenditure in total and by component, including outpatient services, inpatient services, emergency room (ER) visits, prescription drugs, and other medical services. We used joinpoint regression to identify changes in trends.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Estimated total per-capita expenditure increased 66 %, from $9,700 (95 % CI $8,736–$10,663) in 2000 to $16,067 (95 % CI $15,049–$17,086) in 2022. Specifically, spending on prescription drugs, outpatient, ER, and other medical services increased by 144 %, 96 %, 122 %, and 135 %, respectively, while inpatient spending decreased by 28 %. Two significant upward trend periods (2000–2004 and 2011–2018) were identified for total expenditure. Spending trends by component varied, with an accelerated increase in prescription drug spending after 2012; by 2022, prescription drugs accounted for the largest share (39 %) of total expenditures.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The economic burden of diabetes on the national health care system has been increasing, with spending changes varying by medical service category. Interventions to prevent diabetes and its complications may help mitigate this growing economic burden<strong>.</strong></div></div>","PeriodicalId":11249,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes research and clinical practice","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 112154"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The management of cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes: Insights from an audit of health services providing diabetes care.

IF 6.1 3区医学

Diabetes research and clinical practice Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112121

Ella Zomer, Stella Talic, Ahmad Reza Pourghaderi, Arul Earnest, Matthew Quigley, Danijela Gasevic, Natalie Wischer, Sofianos Andrikopoulos, Konrad Kangru, Gary Deed, Anthony W Russell, Adam J Nelson, Sophia Zoungas

{"title":"The management of cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes: Insights from an audit of health services providing diabetes care.","authors":"Ella Zomer, Stella Talic, Ahmad Reza Pourghaderi, Arul Earnest, Matthew Quigley, Danijela Gasevic, Natalie Wischer, Sofianos Andrikopoulos, Konrad Kangru, Gary Deed, Anthony W Russell, Adam J Nelson, Sophia Zoungas","doi":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To assess cardiovascular risk management among Australians with diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective analysis of clinical audit data collected from diabetes centres participating in the Australian National Diabetes Audit in 2022. Adults (≥18 years) with type 1 or type 2 were included. Clinical performance was assessed by comparing modifiable cardiovascular risk factors against evidence-based clinical targets at the national and diabetes centre level for the total cohort, with sub-analyses by diabetes type, and by cardiovascular disease (CVD) status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 4341 people included; 32.4 % with type 1 and 67.6 % with type 2 diabetes. Of the total cohort, 25.9 % met the HbA1c target (≤7% or 53 mmol/mol), 45.5 % met the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol target (<2 mmol/L), 43.4 % met the systolic blood pressure target (<130 mmHg), 19.8 % met the body mass index target (<25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), 30.2 % met the physical activity target (≥150 mins/week of moderate-to-vigorous intensity), and 85.0 % were non-smokers. Compared to patients with type 1 diabetes, patients with type 2 diabetes were less likely to meet targets. Compared to patients without existing CVD, patients with CVD were less likely to meet targets.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Management of cardiovascular risk in adults with diabetes is sub-optimal, increasing the risk of preventable adverse health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11249,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes research and clinical practice","volume":" ","pages":"112121"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association of the triglyceride glucose index with sudden cardiac death in the patients with diabetic foot ulcer

IF 6.1 3区医学

Diabetes research and clinical practice Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112143

Yi Chen , Junyan Zhao , Yuchen Sun , Zhongjing Yang , Caizhe Yang , Di Zhu

{"title":"Association of the triglyceride glucose index with sudden cardiac death in the patients with diabetic foot ulcer","authors":"Yi Chen , Junyan Zhao , Yuchen Sun , Zhongjing Yang , Caizhe Yang , Di Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study examines the relationship between the TyG index and the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>688 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inpatients with DFU between January 2010 and December 2023 was included in this retrospective study. The 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) method was applied. The relationship between TyG index and SCD risk was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival curve analysis, multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model, Restricted cubic spline (RCS) model analysis and subgroup analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over a median follow-up period of 61 months, 38 cases of SCD were recorded. After PSM, 71 pairs of score-matched patients according to TyG index were generated. K-M survival curves revealed higher SCD rates in patients with TyG index ≥9.65. The Cox proportional hazard model, independently associated with the risk of SCD (HR: 75.98; 95 % CI: 9.16 ∼ 630.40; P < 0.001). RCS model showed that SCD risk was non-linearly correlated with gradual increases in TyG index levels. Stratified analyses indicated a consistent relationship between increasing TyG index and SCD risk across all subgroups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Elevated TyG index independently confers an increased risk for SCD in individuals with DFU.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11249,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes research and clinical practice","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 112143"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The relationship between longitudinal changes in triglyceride-glucose-body mass index and new-onset diabetes in middle-aged and elderly adults: Evidence from a nationwide Chinese cohort study

IF 6.1 3区医学

Diabetes research and clinical practice Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112127

Wangsheng Deng , Yong Han , Zhe Deng

{"title":"The relationship between longitudinal changes in triglyceride-glucose-body mass index and new-onset diabetes in middle-aged and elderly adults: Evidence from a nationwide Chinese cohort study","authors":"Wangsheng Deng , Yong Han , Zhe Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study investigates the association between changes in TyG-BMI and the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) in middle-aged and elderly adults in China, as prior research has mainly focused on single baseline measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were obtained from CHARLS, a nationwide prospective cohort study. TyG-BMI changes (2011–2015) were analyzed using K-means clustering. Cox proportional hazards regression models assessed the relationship between TyG-BMI changes, cumulative TyG-BMI, and DM risk, with sensitivity and subgroup analyses ensuring robustness.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to individuals with consistently low TyG-BMI (class 1), hazard ratios (HRs) for DM were 1.474, 2.250, and 3.142 for participants with moderately sustained and slowly increasing TyG-BMI (class 2), slowly increasing high level of TyG-BMI (class 3), and the highest and increasing TyG-BMI levels (class 4), respectively. △TyG-BMI<sub>2015-2011</sub> (per 10-unit) yielded HRs of 1.064 for class 2, 1.108 for class 3, and 1.079 for class 4. Cumulative TyG-BMI (per 10-unit) had an HR of 1.029.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>TyG-BMI changes and sustained exposure to high TyG-BMI levels are independently linked to increased DM risk. Monitoring long-term fluctuations in TyG-BMI could be an important strategy for preventing DM, and effectively controlling high TyG-BMI through various interventions may significantly reduce DM risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11249,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes research and clinical practice","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 112127"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Divergence in prediabetes guidelines – A global perspective

IF 6.1 3区医学

Diabetes research and clinical practice Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112142

Gupta Pragati , Pozzilli Paolo

{"title":"Divergence in prediabetes guidelines – A global perspective","authors":"Gupta Pragati , Pozzilli Paolo","doi":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global landscape of prediabetes diagnostic guidelines varies significantly, reflecting diverse healthcare priorities, population characteristics, and resource availability. Major international organisations, including the World Health Organisation (WHO), European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), Italian Society of Diabetes (SID), American Diabetes Association (ADA), International Diabetes Federation (IDF), Diabetes UK, and Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS), adopt differing criteria for defining and diagnosing prediabetes. These discrepancies arise from variations in diagnostic tests—oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)—as well as differences in prevalence estimates, screening policies, and healthcare infrastructure. Ethnic variability in glucose metabolism further complicates standardisation, as some diagnostic tools, such as HbA1c, perform differently across populations. Additionally, individuals diagnosed via different criteria exhibit distinct metabolic risks and may respond differently to interventions. This heterogeneity poses challenges for global research, policy-making, and equitable access to care. While complete international harmonisation may be impractical, emerging diagnostic approaches, such as the 1-hour plasma glucose (1-h PG) test, offer a promising step toward improving diagnostic consistency. A hybrid model integrating universal standards with population-specific adaptations may offer a more effective global strategy for prediabetes identification and prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11249,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes research and clinical practice","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 112142"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Low uptake of screening for retinopathy during pregnancy with pre-existing diabetes: A population-based cohort study

IF 6.1 3区医学

Diabetes research and clinical practice Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112144

Abdulrahman M. Alharbi , Ilana J. Halperin , Baiju R. Shah

{"title":"Low uptake of screening for retinopathy during pregnancy with pre-existing diabetes: A population-based cohort study","authors":"Abdulrahman M. Alharbi , Ilana J. Halperin , Baiju R. Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To determine the frequency of eye screening during pregnancy for people with pre-existing diabetes, and to examine what factors were associated with screening.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using linked real-world population-level data in Ontario, Canada, we identified all livebirths to people with pre-existing diabetes between April 2015 and March 2020, and determined the proportion who had an eye screening examination during pregnancy. The associations between screening uptake and a variety of sociodemographic, clinical and health service variables were examined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 6,708 pregnancies among people with pre-existing diabetes, 1,256 (18.7 %) had an eye screening examination within the first trimester and 3,045 (45.4 %) had eye screening at any time during pregnancy. The highest eye screening rates were seen among those with prior retinopathy treatment, with longer diabetes duration, and on the insulin pump program. People who received care from an endocrinologist in the first 180 days of pregnancy were far more likely to have an eye examination.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Uptake of eye screening in the first trimester among people with pre-existing diabetes was extremely low, despite the risk of worsening and sight-threatening retinopathy during pregnancy. Even by the end of pregnancy, fewer than one-half of patients had received eye screening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11249,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes research and clinical practice","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 112144"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Risk factors for bone fractures in type 2 diabetes and the impact of once-weekly exenatide: insights from an EXSCEL post-hoc analysis

IF 6.1 3区医学

Diabetes research and clinical practice Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112125

Ernesto Maddaloni , Ruth L. Coleman , Rury R. Holman

{"title":"Risk factors for bone fractures in type 2 diabetes and the impact of once-weekly exenatide: insights from an EXSCEL post-hoc analysis","authors":"Ernesto Maddaloni , Ruth L. Coleman , Rury R. Holman","doi":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>We investigated bone fracture predictors in people with T2D enrolled in the EXenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL) and evaluated the effects of once-weekly exenatide (EQW) on incident bone fractures.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>EXSCEL randomised 14,752 people to EQW 2 mg or placebo with a median follow-up of 3.2 years. In this post-hoc analysis, baseline features associated with incident bone fractures were evaluated with multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models, accounting for age and sex as confounders. Incidence rates were compared between study arms, and time-to-event analyses performed using Cox-proportional hazard models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The primary outcome occurred in 168 (1.1 %) participants. The presence of neuropathy at baseline was associated with a 50 % higher risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.50, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.10–2.05, <em>P</em> = 0.010) of incident bone fractures, while taking metformin at baseline was associated with a 47 % lower risk (HR 0.53, 95 %CI 0.39–0.73, <em>P</em> < 0.001). Incidence rates of bone fractures were similar in the EQW group and in the placebo group (HR 1.11, 95 %CI 0.82–1.51, <em>P</em> = 0.49).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Bone fractures in people with T2D occur more frequently in those with diabetic neuropathy, but less frequently in those taking metformin. No evidence was seen of any impact of EQW treatment on bone fractures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11249,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes research and clinical practice","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 112125"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High fasting plasma glucose in early pregnancy and increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Chinese women: the role of gestational age

IF 6.1 3区医学

Diabetes research and clinical practice Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112126

Ming Gao , Ninghua Li , Hui Wang , Weiqin Li , Tao Zhang , Yijuan Qiao , Jing Li , Zhijie Yu , Gang Hu , Junhong Leng , David Simmons , Xilin Yang

{"title":"High fasting plasma glucose in early pregnancy and increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Chinese women: the role of gestational age","authors":"Ming Gao , Ninghua Li , Hui Wang , Weiqin Li , Tao Zhang , Yijuan Qiao , Jing Li , Zhijie Yu , Gang Hu , Junhong Leng , David Simmons , Xilin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To identify any cut-off point to define hyperglycemia and optimal gestational time for hyperglycemia screening in early pregnancy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective cohort of 19,134 pregnant women was established in Tianjin, China. The primary outcome was a composite of pregnancy-induced hypertension, macrosomia, large for gestational age (LGA), preterm birth, perinatal death and Apgar score at 1 min < 7. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was performed to test non-linear associations of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and gestational age at FPG measurement with composite adverse pregnancy outcome (CAPO). Additive interactions were used to test different effects of FPGs on CAPO by gestational age in early pregnancy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>FPG 5.1–6.9 mmol/L before 20 gestational weeks was associated with significantly increased risks of CAPO, macrosomia and LGA (adjusted ORs: 1.18, 95 %CIs: 1.09–1.29; 1.28, 1.15–1.44; 1.27, 1.15–1.41, respectively) with a discernible threshold. The risk associations persisted after excluding women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at 24–28 gestational weeks. More importantly, FPG 5.1–6.9 mmol/L at 9–19 weeks but not before 9 weeks of gestation was associated with increased risk of CAPO, macrosomia and LGA, with significant additive interactions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Early GDM could be defined as FPG 5.1–6.9 mmol/L at 9–19 gestational weeks among Chinese pregnant women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11249,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes research and clinical practice","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 112126"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0