Contemporary era最新文献

{"title":"TURKISH ORIENTATION OF UKRAINIAN POLITICIANS DURING WORLD WAR I","authors":"Ivan Pater","doi":"10.33402/nd.2021-9-17-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2021-9-17-29","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114849414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OUN AND UIA DOCUMENTS ON THE CIVILIAN POPULATION RESISTANCE FORMS AND METHODS DURING THE ELECTIONS TO THE SUPREME COUNCILS OF THE USSR, AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD USSR","authors":"Oleksandra Stasіuk","doi":"10.33402/nd.2022-10-141-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2022-10-141-153","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the analysis of Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) and Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UIA) documents, the scale, forms, and methods of the civilian population resistance of the western Ukrainian regions to the Soviet election campaigns in the postwar period are shown. It is noted that most of the OUN and UIA documents, which systematically cover the elections to the UkrianeSSR, USSR Supreme Soviets, and local authorities in western Ukraine, are stored in the Sectoral State Archives of the Security Service of Ukraine. It is investigated that the most informative of them are the reports of OUN leaders at various levels, which carefully record each preparation stage and elections conduction under the government supervision actions and reactions, which allows the author to recreate a holistic government picture, efficiency, and emotional assessments.\u0000\u0000It is emphasized that the insurgent reports testify to the mass and general regional protests dimension and outline the reasons that forced Western Ukrainians to protest. As researched, the Western Ukrainian protest position was motivated by political, economic, socio-domestic, as well as moral, and psychological reasons, but political ones remained a priority. It was found that the protests were socially differentiated: the peasantry protested most actively, the workers and intellectuals joined the situation, and women's anti-government protests (both individual and mass), outnumbered men's in number and emotional tension. The civilian population in opposition to the authorities used mainly non-violent forms and resistance methods, which were divided into the mass, group, and individual, overt and covert, aggressive and demonstrative, etc.; widely used and non-traditional.\u0000\u0000Statistical data from the reports of OUN leaders at various levels concerning the voting results in the elections to the Ukraine SSR and the USSR Supreme Soviets in 1946-1947 and the election falsification facts results by government officials were analyzed. It is emphasized that these figures confirm the mass western Ukrainian region's population resistance to the planting of Soviet-style democracy in the region and contrast with the official reporting. It is noted that the insurgent reporting, although not devoid of political connotations, covers the processes much more objectively than the Soviet party documents.","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116721703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defense of Kyiv by the Army of the Ukrainian People's Republic against the military of Bolshevik Russia in January-February 1919","authors":"I. Khoma","doi":"10.33402/nd.2022-10-12-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2022-10-12-22","url":null,"abstract":"The era of revived but lost Ukrainian statehood in 1917–1921, provides invaluable lessons and allows us to contemplate the growth of the nation. The subject of the article is one of the key military events of this era, the defense of Kyiv in January-February 1919, during the second war of bolshevik Russia against the independent Ukrainian People's Republic.\u0000\u0000The actual material on how the army of bolshevik Russia successfully used the end of World War I to restore the occupation of the UPR is systematized. After all, the allies of Ukrainian statehood in 1918 lost the world war. The enemy also took advantage of a month-long military confrontation between the Ukrainian government and the opposition.\u0000\u0000It was revealed that a month after the removal of Hetman P. Skoropadskyi and the approval of the UPR Directory, the UPR armed forces had to organize the defense of the capital from the troops of Bolshevik Russia, which were advancing from Chernihiv and Poltava. After the anti-Hetman uprising, the command of the Ukrainian army failed to form sufficiently capable, politically stable, morally responsible, and patriotic forces to effectively confront the enemy. There were cases when units of the UPR Army formed during the anti-Hetman uprising, led by local atamans, refused to carry out orders, left the front, and raised uprisings in the rear. Combat forces could only hold off the enemy for a while, but not change the situation at the front. The organization of the defense of Kyiv was carried out by the command of the Sich Riflemen Corps. Previously, one strike group of the corps supported the forces holding back the enemy's offensive near Poltava. On February 5, 1919, the troops defending Kyiv left the capital without shifting the nature of the confrontation from defense to street fighting.\u0000\u0000Keywords\u0000Sich Riflemen, Army of the Ukrainian People's Republic, Bolshevik troops.","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122455440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MYKHAILO HAVRYLKO: ARTIST-CARVER, POET, PATRIOT","authors":"Ivan Pater","doi":"10.33402/nd.2023-11-207-226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2023-11-207-226","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the formation of Mykhailo Havrylko as a national artist, a conscious Ukrainian citizen, the beginnings of his revolutionary activities, his fascination with the creative works and liberating ideas of Taras Shevchenko, and his ardent desire to embody the image of the Kobzar in sculpture. Emphasis is placed on the «burning hatred» of the young artist towards the despised Russian autocracy, his participation in the organization of the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen Legion at the beginning of World War I. The cultural and educational work of the sculptor among Ukrainian prisoners of war in the Fraystadt camp is highlighted, as well as his uncompromising stance on national issues, sharp confrontation with Muscovites in their actions and propaganda among the prisoners. The participation of the patriot in combat actions within the ranks of the the Ukrainian Sich Rifl emens, including battles on various fronts in Galicia, as well as his work in the Press Quarter of the Riflemen, is highlighted. His national-conscious work among the population of Volhynia under the auspices of the Bureau of Cultural Aid for the Population of Occupied Territories, his significant contribution to the establishment of Ukrainian schools in the Volhynian region, and subsequent work among the riflemen are revealed. Attention is focused on the carver’s struggle within the ranks of Ukrainian armed formations in defense of Ukrainian statehood in the Naddniprianshchyna region, his establishment of a partisan detachment, and his tragic death in the struggle against the Bolsheviks.\u0000Keywords\u0000Mykhailo Havrylko, woodcarving, Shevchenkiana, SVU, national-conscious work.","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124285717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WAS THERE BETRAYAL IN THE OUN? (HISTORIOGRAPHICAL EVALUATIONS REASONS AND PREREQUISITES FOR THE SPLIT OF THE NATIONALISTS ORGANIZATION IN 1940)","authors":"V. Futala","doi":"10.33402/nd.2019-7-75-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2019-7-75-88","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents views of Ukrainian and foreign authors on the circumstances that led to the split of the OUN in 1940, pays attention to the so-called \"betrayals\" in the nationalist environment, carried out the classification of the causes of the crisis in the underground organization, provides promising areas of research problems. \u0000\u0000There are two groups of priority reasons for the split of the OUN in 1940: internal and external. From the first group, some researchers have singled out the following factors: tactical (Stepan Lenkavskyi, Petro Mirchuk, Volodymyr Kosyk, Mykhailo Koval, Ryszard Torzecki, etc.), psychological (Zenon Pelenskyi, Ivan Patryliak) and personal (Zynovii Knysh, Oleksandr Ischuk) character. External causes of the split were due to German (Anatolii Kentii) or Soviet (Ihor Havryliv) factors. In the historical literature, there is no unambiguous answer to the question: was there betrayal in the OUN? Right-wing professor Stanislav Kulchytskyi, who was in charge of a historical working group at the Government Commission for the Study of the OUN and UPA, stated there was no betrayal by Yevhen Konovalets' inner circle. It is necessary to talk about the betrayal of individual OUN members, such as Roman Baranovskyi. \u0000\u0000It is alleged that due to the absence of reliable historical sources and its politicization has no prospects of study question about the so-called «Archive of Senyk». Nevertheless, historians should continue exploring the relationship between the OUN Regional Executive and the Ukrainian Nationalist Leadership in 1929–1940. It is emphasized that in the context of Ukrainian national memory policy, historians' important task is a deep analysis of the lessons of the OUN split 1940. After all, the question is very relevant to today's consolidation and unity not only nationalist structures but also all national-state one's forces.\u0000Keywords: historiography, historiographical source, OUN, betrayal, schis","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130099317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STAFFING OF UKRAINIAN NATIONAL SELF-DEFENSE UNITS (JULY‒AUGUST 1943)","authors":"Ihor Drohobytsky","doi":"10.33402/nd.2023-11-166-174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2023-11-166-174","url":null,"abstract":"The proposed material outlines the general trends in the staffi ng of tactical units of the military-training structure, which arose from the initiative of the «revolutionary» wing of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN(b)) in Galicia in the summer of 1943 – Ukrainian People’s Self-Defense. The components of the algorithm of mobilization eff orts of the OUN(b) underground in a certain chronological period are characterized. The elements of the organizational structure that were directly responsible for the implementation of mobilization activities are generally presented. The process of formation of armed units of the nationalist wing of the national liberation movement of the Resistance in the region is considered in comparison with the policy implemented in relation to the enslaved population, and in particular to that part of it that was suitable for military service by the Nazi occupation administration. When analyzing the recruitment of personnel, the challenges faced by the leadership of the OUN(b) in general, as well as the direct organizers of the UNS in particular, in the form of the commander and representatives of the headquarters, are presented in general terms. At the same time, the methods used to prevent, and in some cases to overcome, negative manifestations of the mobilization process are characterized.\u0000Keywords\u0000armed forces, resistance movement, Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, Ukrainian Peopleʼs Self-Defense, Ukrainian independent conciliar state.","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129140226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A SITUATION OF THE TRANSCARPATHIAN REFORMED CHURCH IN THE LATE STALINISM PERIOD AND ITS REFLECTION IN THE PRESS OF THE TIME","authors":"Ibolya Szamborovszky-Nagy, Ishtvan Chasar","doi":"10.33402/nd.2022-10-127-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2022-10-127-140","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims at chronological and logical reconstruction of the situation the Transcarpathian Reformed (Calvinists) and the Transcarpathian Reformed Church found themselves in the period after the Soviet troops entered the region until Stalin’s death. It shows the ambivalent and at the same time chaotic situation the confession was in after the territory was annexed to the Soviet Union. Furthermore, it analyses the authorities’ narrative on the issue in the local media of the time. The narrative was the new regime’s political propaganda campaign that tried to legitimize its own ideology in the language of the region’s Reformed.\u0000Research methodology is based on the analysis of little-known and unknown archive sources of the Synodal Archives of the Reformed Church of Hungary, State Archives of the Transcarpathian Region, Central State Archives of the Highest Bodies of Power and Administration of Ukraine, State Security Service of Ukraine Administration in the Transcarpathian region, as well as recollections of participants of those events and articles in the local media.\u0000The scientific novelty of the paper lies in the fact that in the Ukrainian ecclesiastical history researches the problem area of the Transcarpathian Reformed was studied in a rather partial, fragmented way, touching upon separate questions, not in a chronological order, though the history of the Protestants as a collective theme, or of the Baptists as the Protestant confession with the largest organization, acquired broad attention of the researchers. The research was guided by historical chronology and covered the evolution of the Soviet regime’s anticlerical political propaganda campaign in the local media.\u0000It has been revealed that after the Soviet troops entered Transcarpathia, the church structure of the Reformed suffered significant damages; moreover, 20–25 % of the congregation’s male population was deported to the so-called three-day salvage work. The troubled situation was intensified by the fact that the state registration of the Reformed was not approved by the Council for the Affairs of Religious Cults (CARC) in 1946; instead, it wanted to assimilate the Reformed into the Evangelical Christian-Baptists’ (ECB) organization. It also turned out that in late 1946 CARC was not aware of the organizational structure, territorial division, as well as the number of believers of the Reformed. After it came to light, the community’s complete inspection was initiated followed by bureaucratic suspicion and the invitation of the KGB to help in the case of head Reformed Church pastors. After the KGB’s report the Soviet regime did not strive for the union of the Reformed and ECB, it let them be a separate confession, however this was the time when a wave of arrests of the Reformed Church pastors started. As a result, CARC wanted a man to head the Reformed who would be ready to compromise, serve the interests of the state authorities, as well as deviate from the traditional synodal-pr","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134171214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ROMAN DASHKEVYCH'S ROLE IN BATTLES AGAINST THE BOLSHEVIK AND DENIKIN TROOPS (1918–1919)","authors":"Andrii Bahan","doi":"10.33402/nd.2022-10-265-274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2022-10-265-274","url":null,"abstract":"Roman Dashkevych's military work during the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917–1921, in particular, his participation in battles against the Bolshevik and Denikin troops as a head of Ukrainian artillery units, is analyzed. Creating the Sich Riflemen artillery and using it against the troops of white and red Russia in Naddniprianshchyna are highlighted.\u0000\u0000As stated, the UNR Army General R. Dashkevych played an essential role in the formation of the Ukrainian artillery during the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917–1921, as evidenced by the memories of military, social and political figures of the time, archival sources, and separate historical investigations. First of all, the memoirs of R. Dashkevych himself «Sich Riflemen's Artillery in the Fight for the Golden Gate of Kyiv» were noted for the completeness of the subject coverage of the material.\u0000\u0000The implementation of several transformations (regroups) of artillery units of the UNR Army by R. Dashkevych is characterized. His attitude to the Ukrainian political regimes of the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917–1921 was clarified: the UNR, the Ukrainian State, and the UNR Directory.\u0000\u0000The military-tactical potential of artillery units commanded by R. Dashkevych, and his ability to make strategic decisions in both defensive battles and offensive operations, are highlighted.\u0000\u0000Additionally, the moral and psychological atmosphere in the units commanded by R. Dashkevych is described, for instance, factors influencing relations on the line «subordinate-commander». R. Dashkevych's significant contribution to strengthening the Ukrainian army and forming the first artillery units is emphasized. All things considered, currently, there is no comprehensive scientific research on R. Dashkevych's role in the battles against the Bolshevik and Denikin troops during state-building processes in Ukraine (1918–1919).\u0000\u0000Keywords\u0000Roman Dashkevych, artillery, Sich Riflemen, Ukrainian Revolution of 1917–1921.","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"11 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132969678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STEPAN HAIDUCHOK’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF VOLLEYBALL IN LVIV (1920S)","authors":"A. Sova","doi":"10.33402/nd.2023-11-227-237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2023-11-227-237","url":null,"abstract":"Based on various sources (documents and publications of the «Sokil-Batko» (The Falcon-father) society in Lviv; the epistolary heritage of S. Haiduchok; publications, information messages and advertisements in the Lviv journals «Sokilski visti» (The Sokil news), «Dilo» (Businesses); educational and methodological works «Vidbyvanka» (Volleyball); documents and photos from a private archive) S. Haiduchok’s contribution to the formation and development of volleyball in the Ukrainian community of Lviv is researched. With the involvement of previously little-known documents, materials and photos, his biography in the 1920s was reconstructed. The lower limit was determined – S. Haiduchok’s interest in volleyball, the upper limit – the publication of the work «Vidbyvanka». Attention was drawn to the fact that with the active participation of S. Haiduchok as a physical education teacher at the branch of the Academic Gymnasium in Lviv, volleyball was popularized in the activities of the «Sagaydachny» sports club, the Plast clubs and branches. It is emphasized on his important work as an organizer and judge of volleyball competitions, which were held in the sports hall at Ruska, 20 and Sq. «Sokil-Batko» in Lviv. The history of the writing of the educational and methodological work «Vidbyvanka», which became the fi rst Ukrainian textbook on this sport in Galicia, is considered. It was established that Ivan Boberskyi, Ilko Kalichak, Daria Navrotska, Ivan Mryts and other fi gures of Ukrainian physical education helped him in his scientific research. Attention is drawn to special sports terms and phrases proposed by S. Haiduchok for use in Ukrainian volleyball discourse. It is proven that he took an active part in the development and popularization of volleyball in various youth organizations of Lviv, which eventually led to the fact that in the 1930s , volleyball gained popularity and became one of the leading sports played by Ukrainians at that time.\u0000Ключові слова\u0000Stepan Haiduchok, Galicia, Lviv, vidbyvanka (volleyball), physical education, sport, competition.","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129218729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REFLECTIONS ON THE BOOK BY DMYTRA YANEVSKY. [Review of]: Yanevsky D. Bandera. Portrait on the background of the era. First attempt scientific monograph. Kharkiv: Folio, 2022. 506 p.","authors":"M. Posivnych","doi":"10.33402/nd.2023-11-292-297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2023-11-292-297","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116009534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}