Contemporary era最新文献

{"title":"THE ROLE OF YEVHEN KONOVALETS IN CREATING THE HALYCHYNA-BUKOVYNA BATTALION OF THE SICH RIFLEMEN AND THE UKRAINIAN MILITARY ORGANIZATION IN THE REFLECTION OF UKRAINIAN FOREIGN HISTORIOGRAPHY","authors":"Nataliia Nadurak","doi":"10.33402/nd.2021-9-120-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2021-9-120-133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126901267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UKRAINIAN LIBERATION MOVEMENT OF 1920s –1950s IN THE WORKS OF PETRО MIRCHUK AND ZYNOVY KNYSH: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS","authors":"V. Futala","doi":"10.33402/nd.2023-11-131-143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2023-11-131-143","url":null,"abstract":"The views of well-known representatives of the Ukrainian diaspora Petro Mirchuk and Zinovy Knysh on the important problems of the Ukrainian liberation movement of the 1920s –1950s under the leadership of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) are compared. It is emphasized that a great infl uence on the formation of the worldview positions of the researchers had their party affi liation – the fi rst to the Bandera, and the second – to the Melnyk parts of the OUN. Both authors expressed unanimity in their assessments of the birth process of the nationalist movement in their native lands and abroad, unifying tendencies among youth national-patriotic circles, ideological foundations and program provisions of the OUN, etc. Their judgments diff ered regarding the intra-organizational development of the nationalist organization, certain high-profi le anti-Polish actions of the OUN, the relations of the nationalist underground with the foreign leadership of the OUN, the causes and consequences of the organization’s split in 1940, etc. However, each of the researchers made a signifi cant contribution to the study of a scientifi c problem. Thus, P. Mirchuk’s «Essay on the History of the OUN» remains today the most thorough work on the functioning of the nationalist organization in the pre-war period. His historical explorations devoted to the fi gures of S. Bandera and R. Shukhevych have not lost their importance. The contours of the study of the history of the UPA drawn by P. Mirchuk will continue to be valuable for modern researchers. Of all the works of Z. Knysh, those devoted to the process of formation and activity of the Ukrainian military organization are valuable for the national historical science. It is not by chance that the editorial board of the «Encyclopedia of Ukrainian Studies» turned to this researcher with a proposal to write an article about UMO (UVO) for the ninth volume of the named encyclopedic edition. It has been established that the complete history of UMO is not available today. Therefore, in the future, historians need to make maximum use of the factual material contained in the works of Z. Knysh. Futhermore the scientifi c biographies of S. Bandera and R. Shukhevych are waiting for their researcher (or even better, their researchers). Keywords historiographical analysis, historiographic source, Ukrainian liberation movement, UMO, OUN, UIA, Petrо Mirchuk, Zynovy Knysh.","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126523653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POETRY OF MYKHAILO DYACHENKO IN UKRAINIAN LEGAL PUBLICATIONS DURING 1939–1944","authors":"Oleksandra Stasіuk","doi":"10.33402/nd.2023-11-277-291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2023-11-277-291","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides a characterization of the pre-war creative work of Mykhailo Dyachenko (better known under the pseudonym of the insurgent poet «Marko Boyeslav»). It presents facts from his biography related to the creative development of the talented young man during the period of II World War. The poetic heritage of M. Dyachenko from the interwar period and the times of II World War is described. It is noted that his early attempts at writing did not yet have independent artistic value but already showed literary talent. On the other hand, the poetry of the II World War era, which was included in the collection «They Will Come» (1941, Prague) and published in the pages of contemporary press, was more mature in terms of content and form. However, the poet was not able to completely rid himself of imitating the creative style of poets such as Bohdan Kravtsiv, Yevhen Malaniuk, and others. The article collects and publishes the poems that were printed in the pages of legal Ukrai nian magazines such as «Silsky Hospodar» («Countryman»), «Krakovski Visti» («News of Krakow»), «Doroha» («Road»), «Mali Druzi» («Little Friends»), «Ilustrovani Visti» («Ilustrated News»), «Studentski Prapor» («Student Flag») and others. It is noted that these poems did not make it into the poet’s collections and were not known until recently, not only to the average reader but also to researchers of his work. A brief literary analysis of these poems is provided. It is emphasized that throughout his life, the main motif of M. Dyachenko’s creativity remained reflections on the fate of the Motherland and calls to fight for its liberation.\u0000Keywords\u0000Mykhailo Dyachenko («Marko Boyeslav»), poetic heritage, Ukrainian legal magazines, II World War.","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122226359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"«BETWEEN HISTORY AND POLITICS»: LIVING AND INTELLECTUAL SPACES OF THE UKRAINIAN EMIGRÉ HISTORIAN IVAN LYSIAK-RUDNYTSKYI (1919–1984)","authors":"Kostiantyn Kondratiuk","doi":"10.33402/nd.2023-11-238-247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2023-11-238-247","url":null,"abstract":"The article informs that Ivan Lysiak-Rudnytskyi was born in the family of famous Ukrainian public and political figures Pavlo Lysiak and Milena Rudnytska. His childhood and youth were spent in Lviv, where he graduated from gymnasium and studied at the university. The outlook of the future historian and teacher was formed under the influence of the traditions of Western European liberalism. It is emphasised that I. Lysiak-Rudnytskiy always took part in public life. He collaborated with the Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences and Arts in the USA and was an active member of the National Academy of Sciences and the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in Canada. He also showed himself as a talented journalist. Throughout his life, he contributed to Ukrainian emigration periodical publications, in particular, the newspaper «Ukrainska Pravda» and the magazine «Zustrichi, he was also an employee of «Suchasnosti». Ivan Lysiak-Rudnytskiy is the author of about 200 scientific works on the new and modern history of Ukraine, the formation of the modern Ukrainian nation and Ukrainian political thought of the 19th and 20th centuries. The article analyzes such of his works as «Intellectual beginnings of new Ukraine» (1958), «The Fourth Universal and its ideological predecessors» (1968, 1977), «Notes on the problem of “historical” and “non-historical” nations» (1981), «The political opinion of Ukrainian sub-Soviet dissidents» (1981) and others. It was found that the historian expressed original opinions about the ancient and new history of Ukraine and put forward an original analytical scheme for Ukrainian nation-building. He substantiated the thesis about the «breaks», «dying and reviving» of the Ukrainian nation. At the same time, the researcher proposed to distinguish between the concept of the people as an ethnic unit and the nation as a political entity. The people are the basis for the formation of the nation. The scientist understood the content and essence of Ukrainian history as the interaction of the people and the nation. National revival of the 19th century. the scientist considered it as the beginning of the final, modern phase of the formation of the Ukrainian nation, after the princely and Cossack ones. It is noted that in his works, the professor demonstrated exceptional erudition in various humanitarian fields and examined the problems of the Ukrainian people’s past against the backdrop of world history, taking into account the methodological arsenal of Western historical science, which he masterfully possessed. It is stated that the philosophical depth and relevance of the topics, which balance «between history and politics», have assigned an important role to the works of I. Lysiak-Rudnytsky in historical science.\u0000Keywords\u0000Ivan Lysiak-Rudnytsky, historian-emigrant, publicist, educator.","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126490235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CONFRONTATION OF THE UPA (UKRAINIAN INSURGENT ARMY) WITH THE SOVIET PARTISANS AND THE POLES IN KAMIN-KASHYRSKYI DISTRICT (1943–1944)","authors":"Liudmyla Baletska","doi":"10.33402/nd.2019-7-89-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2019-7-89-99","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes sources of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army's struggle against the Soviet partisans and Polish units on the territory of Kamin-Kashyrskyi district of the Volyn region during the Nazi occupation. The archival sources traced the formation of the Soviet partisan movement and the Polish nationalist underground, as well as the causes and course of the confrontation. A special place in the article is given to the Ukrainian-Polish confrontation.\u0000\u0000The author analyzes the national composition of the Soviet partisan movement and the Polish population's participation in it. The main directions of the Ukrainian-Polish conflict are distinguished: the Poles' fight against the UPA as part of the German police and the Soviet partisan movement. The study identified relations between Ukrainians and Poles when the district's inhabitants were a part of the Polish state and at the beginning of World War II. The most large-scale military operations of the UPA soldiers with the Soviet partisans and the Polish units, the strategy, and tactics of their implementation have been outlined and systematized. An attempt has been made to classify military operations by chronological and problematic approach. The conclusions about the scale of military operations and their importance are made. The article focuses on the ideological confrontation between the UPA, the Soviet partisans, and the Polish underground formations, implementation of the ideological struggle methods. The article will be useful for a wide scientific community interested in the local history of the Ukrainian national liberation movement. \u0000Keywords: Ukrainian National Liberation Movement, Ukrainian Insurgent Army, Polish units, the Soviet partisans, the Ukrainian-Polish confrontation, Kamin-Kashyrskyi area, German-Nazi occupation, military operation","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116703599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MAKAR KUSHNIR AS AN OUN THEORETIST AND PRACTITIONER","authors":"Nazar Kosenko","doi":"10.33402/nd.2021-9-274-283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2021-9-274-283","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133579216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"URBAN FIGHTERS OF THE OUN SECURITY SERVICE (1941–1951): CREATION AND ACTIVITY","authors":"V. Ilnytskyi, Yaroslav Antoniuk","doi":"10.33402/nd.2023-11-175-194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2023-11-175-194","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of unknown and little-known materials, the peculiarities of the functioning of the urban armed forces of the SB have been revealed. It has been established that in many areas covered by the OUN network, the first began to be created in the fall of 1941 as a means of force against local wires against German and Soviet agents. The main tasks that were set before them in the first years of activity (reconnaissance, occasionally sabotage and terrorist operations) are highlighted. It was noted that with the approach of the front and in the conditions of the Soviet reality, the actions of the SB in the cities became more active, and the tasks expanded. Separately, attention is focused on one of the most important directions of the combat work of the SB in cities - the liquidation of Soviet assets. Isolated attempts to carry out mass terrorist attacks against party offi cials and detonation of administrative facilities are presented. The peculiarities of the preparation and implementation of the main armed actions (selection of executors, stages of preparation, direct execution) are revealed. Concrete examples show the effectiveness of such armed forces. At the same time, the activities of each of them became a practical demonstration of the inability of the MGB–MIA to protect their supporters. Territorial features of the functioning of the SB urban militias are shown (the size of the settlement, the number of Ukrainians, their national consciousness, the development of the local OUN network, etc.).It was found out that in 1946, the urban organizations of the OUN began to be liquidated, although the combat work of the SB itself intensified, and in important cities special combat units continued to exist for actions. Emphasis is placed on the practical importance of studying this issue in the context of the modern Russian-Ukrainian war and the enemy’s occupation of a significant territory of Ukraine in order to fi nd different forms of struggle against the occupiers and collaborators.\u0000Keywords\u0000OUN, SB, urban fighters, Western Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"2 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132768165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IVAN KRYPIAKEVYCH AND THE POLITICAL EMIGRANTS OF NADDNIPRIANSHCHYNA: RELATIONS AND COOPERATION (1910 – 1930)","authors":"Ivan Pater","doi":"10.33402/ND.2020-8-150-177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/ND.2020-8-150-177","url":null,"abstract":"The study deals with Ivan Krypiakevych's relations with political emigrants of Naddniprianshchyna during the Ukrainian people's struggle for the state and national-cultural rights. Emphasis is placed on his first acquaintance with the people of Naddniprianshchyna at the scientific courses of 1904 in Lviv, participation in the work of the student \"Academic Community\" and the society \"Prosvita\", at M. Hrushevskyi's historical seminar, and most importantly, in the struggle for Ukrainian university. For the latter, he was arrested along with other Ukrainian students, including Naddniprianshchyna residents. In the pre-war years, the historian actively cooperated with political immigrants, especially in honoring Taras Shevchenko's memory as a manifestation of the national unity of Halychyna and Naddniprianshchyna, to which some of his publications are devoted. Emphasis is placed on the scientist's close cooperation during the war with the Union for the Liberation of Ukraine (ULU), in particular on his activities in the Bureau of Cultural Aid for the people of the Ukrainian north-western regions occupied by the Central Powers. The scientist's schooling work is shown and activities in the national and cultural life of Volyn and Kholm. He published about 30 articles in periodicals, including the ULU's editions, on historical topics, which covered the political and cultural life of the occupied Ukrainian lands, their destruction, and evacuation of the locals during the retreat of Russian troops. I. Krypiakevych's reaction to the actions of the Ukrainian Central Rada, its successes and disadvantages, in particular to the agrarian reform, organization of the army and schooling, his participation in the preparation of materials for the Ukrainian delegation at the Treaty of Brest negotiations are analyzed. His attitude to the Ukrainian State of P. Skoropadskyi, its achievements are clarified: acquisition of borders, the formation of a new army, organization of the financial system, diplomatic service, high school; and mistakes: failure to solve the agrarian issue, organization of anti-peasant punitive expeditions, insufficient streamlining of school affairs, issuance of a federal declaration; to the Directory of the Ukrainian People's Republic. The author highlights I. Krypiakevych's connections with scholars-historians and politicians of Naddniprianshchyna in the interwar period, relating to the Hetman-monarchical organization in Halychyna and the establishment of a conservative-state direction in Ukrainian historiography.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Ivan Krypiakevych, political emigration of Naddniprianshchyna, Ukrainian statehood, Ukrainian historiography.","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132955336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KYRYLO STUDYNSKYI'S MEMORIES OF THE STRUGGLE FOR THE UKRAINIAN UNIVERSITY IN LVIV AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURY","authors":"N. Mysak","doi":"10.33402/nd.2022-10-23-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2022-10-23-68","url":null,"abstract":"The source study highlights one of the aspects of the Ukrainians' struggle for the opening of a national higher school in Halychyna at the beginning of the 20th century, in particular the events of January 23, 1907, as a result of which more than a hundred students were arrested. The published memoirs of Lviv University professor Kyrylo Studynskyi are an invaluable source for understanding the public attitude to the problem of the Ukrainian university in Lviv. The positions of the teaching staff, the administration of the educational institution, and some representatives of the regional organization are analyzed. Indicated differences in the views of Ukrainian professors – from non-acceptance and ignoring to a clear awareness of the need to continue the struggle. Special attention is focused on the clear position of K. Studynskyi and O. Kolessa, who, despite personal misunderstandings, came to the defense of the students. Based on the analysis of the general meetings of the Lviv University teaching staff, discussions and verbal altercations, it is revealed the negative influence of the chauvinist-tinged rhetoric of the contemporary press on the formation of prejudiced views of the majority of Polish teachers towards Ukrainian youth. The reluctance of those who influenced the formation of students' identity and worldview to understand the nature and motivation of their protest actions and deeds is also indicated. At the same time highlighted the wait-and-see position of the regional administration on this issue.\u0000\u0000The publication reveals the author’s position, particularly his emotional states, experiences during speeches and conversations with teachers, court officials, representatives of authorities, concern for the fate of youth, and active participation in supporting arrested students. Reproduced a detailed chronology of events in which K. Studynskyi participated: the general professors meeting of the Lviv University, the arrests of Ukrainian youth, their detention in a pre-trial prison, the discussion of the consequences of student riots at a meeting of the Regional School Council, a personal audience with the Governor, etc. The formation of the reputation of K. Studynskyi as a sincere supporter of Ukrainian students in the youth environment is shown.\u0000\u0000Keywords\u0000Kyrylo Studynskyi, Ukrainian university, Halychyna, youth, arrests.","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121760413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ROLE OF THE US ARMED FORCES IN DETERRING ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION DURING THE TRUMP PRESIDENCY (2017–2021)","authors":"Oleksii Mazurin","doi":"10.33402/nd.2023-11-195-206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/nd.2023-11-195-206","url":null,"abstract":"The article reveals the specifics of the involvement of the US National Guard and the US AF performing the tasks of the US southern border security during the presidency of Donald Trump. The author analyzes the reasons for the involvement of military units, the scope of their tasks, and describes the specific tasks performed by military personnel in cooperation with the US Customs and Border Protection. Changes in the nature of the use of army units during the operations «Guardian Support» and «Faithfull Patriot» in 2018 and after the declaration of a state of emergency on the border with Mexico in 2019 are revealed. The main problems encountered by the U.S. Department of Defense in its operations at the border, in the context of fierce domestic political opposition to Donald Trump’s immigration policy, were separately examined. It is argued that the involvement of the US AF in solving migration problems on the U.S. southern border had both potential benefits and risks. On the one hand, support in the areas of intelligence, transportation, and logistics has become an important element in curbing illegal immigration and drug trafficking. The deployment of military units was a foreign policy signal that the USA was taking border security seriously. On the other hand, the risks concerned the possibility of using the armed forces to perform police functions, which is prohibited by the Posse Comitatus Act. In addition, there were questions about the politicization of the army’s role, inefficient use of military resources, and the separation of units from the process of combat training. \u0000Keywords\u0000US AF, internal function of the AF, migration, US-Mexico border, border security, Operation «Guardian Support», Operation «Faithfull Patriot».","PeriodicalId":112217,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary era","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124782438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}