Documenta Ophthalmologica最新文献

{"title":"Sequential central retinal artery occlusion in two brothers: a fight to prevent blindness.","authors":"David Oliver-Gutierrez, Olaia Subirà, Ana Zabalza, Bernat Boy, Joana Marques-Soares, Miguel Ángel Zapata","doi":"10.1007/s10633-025-10006-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10633-025-10006-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is typically associated with older patients with cardiovascular risk factors. However, its occurrence in younger patients without these risk factors suggests the need to explore rare genetic conditions. Identifying genetic disorders like adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency (DADA2), a vasculitic disease, can be critical in such cases to prevent further complications.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To report the challenging diagnosis of two cases of CRAO in brothers under the age of 40, leading to the diagnosis of DADA2, a rare genetic vasculitic disorder.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 34-year-old man and his 32-year-old brother, both without significant medical histories, presented with CRAO eight years apart. Extensive diagnostic evaluations, including blood tests, imaging, and autoimmunity panels, failed to identify common causes. Progressive neurological symptoms in the older brother and the similar presentation in his sibling led to further investigation, including genetic testing. A homozygous mutation c.752C > T p.(Pro251Leu) in the CECR1 gene confirmed the diagnosis of DADA2 in both brothers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These cases underscore the importance of considering genetic disorders like DADA2 in young patients presenting with unexplained vascular occlusions. DADA2, characterized by vasculitis, immune dysregulation, and hematologic disorders, can manifest variably, complicating early diagnosis. Effective treatment with TNF inhibitors can prevent further vision loss and mitigate systemic complications. To our knowledge, these are the first reported cases of DADA2 with CRAO as the initial manifestation without prior clinical findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":11207,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of ERG signal-to-noise ratios in simultaneous recordings with skin electrodes and contact lens electrodes.","authors":"Scott E Brodie, Promie Faruque, Jorge Pincay, Mohamed Sylla, Xuan Cui, Stephanie Choi, Karen Holopigian, Vivienne Greenstein","doi":"10.1007/s10633-025-10003-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10633-025-10003-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare signal-to-noise levels in ERG recordings obtained with contact lens electrodes and adhesive skin electrodes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>23 subjects were studied. Full-field ERGs were recorded according to ISCEV standards simultaneously with ERG-jet corneal contact lens electrodes and LKC Technologies Sensor Strip adhesive skin electrodes. B-wave amplitude or peak-to-peak amplitude was used as a measure of signal strength. Noise was estimated using the \" ± averaging method.\" Comparisons between signal strength, absolute noise levels, and signal-to-noise ratios between contact lens and skin electrodes were performed by linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparisons of signal strength for LA 3, 30-Hz, DA 0.01, and DA 3 responses, yielded regression coefficient ß values of 0.37, 0.39, 0.39, and 0.35, respectively. For the entire data set, the regression coefficient ß value was 0.36 (95% confidence limits 0.34 - 0.38). The grand average ERG noise for all ERG stimuli was 13.8 µV for contact lens electrodes and 13.0 µV for skin electrodes (not significant: p = 0.66 for paired t-test). For signal-to-noise ratios, regression ß coefficients for contact lens and adhesive skin electrodes for LA 3, 30-Hz, DA 0.01, and DA 3 stimuli were 0.25, 0.39, 0.50, and 0.36 respectively. The ß coefficient for the amalgamated data set was 0.33 (95% confidence limits 0.30- 0.36).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall ERG amplitudes obtained with skin electrodes were 1/3 those obtained with contact lens electrodes. Absolute noise levels were similar. Signal-to-noise levels with skin electrodes were 1/3 those seen with contact lens electrodes. Implications for signal-averaging in clinical applications are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11207,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hilbert transform analysis of the mouse scotopic electroretinogram reveals two distinct bursts of oscillatory potentials with progressively dimmer flashes.","authors":"Mercedes Gauthier, Anna Polosa, Jean-Marc Lina, Pierre Lachapelle","doi":"10.1007/s10633-025-10002-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10633-025-10002-9","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;Study the scotopic oscillatory potentials (OPs) in mice over a wide range of flash luminance levels using the Hilbert transform (HT) to extract new features of the high frequency components of the electroretinogram (ERG).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Scotopic ERGs [Intensity: - 6.3 to 0.9 log cd∙s∙m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;; 12 h of dark-adaptation] were obtained from adult mice (C57BL/6; n = 7). The Hilbert transform (HT) was obtained within 3 consecutive frequency bands (65-90 Hz, 90-115 Hz and 115-140 Hz), with OPs being denoised, automatically identified and analyzed. Measurements included: number of OPs, duration of the OP response, surface-under-the-curve (SUC) of the HT envelopes, implicit times, and instantaneous frequency at the HT envelope peak, mean peak time differences (PTD) between the envelopes of each frequency band (measuring their synchrony), correlation coefficient and lag between consecutive HT envelopes, as well as the number of peaks on the HT envelopes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The OP response duration, number of OPs and PTD all peaked for flashes between the level corresponding to the RodVmax (maximal b-wave amplitude of the rod ERG; i.e., the first asymptote of the scotopic luminance-response curve) and K (the flash luminance at which the amplitude of the b-wave is half of that of the RodVmax;), i.e., between -3.9 and -2.4 log cd∙s∙m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;. The correlation between consecutive envelopes is close to 1 at flashes &gt; -1.2 log cd∙s∙m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;, with small lags (min. = 1.93 ± 0.45 ms at - 1.2 log cd∙s∙m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;), then gradually drops to 0.81 ± 0.02 at the dimmest flash intensity (with a max. lag = 14.76 ± 8.92 ms at - 5.1 log cd∙s∙m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;). Finally, we found that the single OP burst (i.e., a single HT envelope peak) seen at flash intensities &gt;  - 1.2 log cd∙s∙m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; progressively divided in two (or more) OP bursts (i.e., multiple HT envelope peaks) with gradually dimmer flashes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Our HT method enabled the analysis of the OP response without the subjective interpretation of the experimenter. Analysis of the scotopic OPs at dim flashes with the HT revealed a novel feature of the OP response not yet reported elsewhere, namely: a split of the OP response into two (or more) distinct bursts. Furthermore, the synchrony peak (measured with the PTD) matched the peak in OP response duration between K and RodVmax, suggesting a disorganization (or dephasing) of the retinal signal in ERGs evoked for weaker flashes. The increased synchronization and correlation of the single burst observed for the strongest flashes could suggest an optimization or saturation of the retinal response. We believe that these novel features of the OP components of the ERG went unnoticed given that previous studies did not use weak enough flashes and failed to recognize the added value that time and frequency domain analysis of the ERG (such as what is achieved with the HT) ","PeriodicalId":11207,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143058379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-VEGF therapy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy in Kearns-Sayre syndrome.","authors":"Vannessa Leung, James G Wong, John R Grigg","doi":"10.1007/s10633-024-09999-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10633-024-09999-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Multiple mitochondrial syndromes, such as Kearns-Sayre, involve the concurrence of diabetes mellitus and inherited pigmentary retinopathy. It is rare, however, for proliferative disease to develop in these patients as existing inner retinal dysfunction is thought to be protective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To our knowledge this is the first description of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in Kearns-Sayre syndrome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A number of additional considerations need to be recognised when treating PDR in Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Given the risk of further visual field losses with panretinal photocoagulation, there should be a preference for primary anti-VEGF therapy in a compliant patient. PDR in inherited retinal disease appears to be very anti-VEGF responsive and may not require the standard monthly frequency of treatment, even from initiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11207,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":"41-46"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief report: effects of methylphenidate on the light adapted electroretinogram.","authors":"Paul A Constable, David H Skuse, Dorothy A Thompson, Irene O Lee","doi":"10.1007/s10633-024-10000-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10633-024-10000-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To explore changes in the electroretinogram (ERG) following methylphenidate use in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Light adapted ERGs were recorded in five individuals (3 male and 2 female, age range 13.6-21.8 years) with a diagnosis of ADHD. Six flash strengths ranging from 71 to 446 Td.s were qualitatively evaluated following a minimum of 24 h without any medication and from 2 to 6 h following the individuals' standard slow-release (XL) methylphenidate dose that ranged from 18 to 60 mg.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the six flash strengths, the 178 Td.s strength revealed changes in four of the five participants with a median 27.4% increase in b-wave amplitude. For three individuals there was an increase in the a-wave amplitude and for two of the same individuals there was also a noticeable pronouncement of the oscillatory potentials. The a-wave amplitude showed a greatest median increase at the 446 Td.s flash strength of 25.8%. One individual - on the highest dose (60 mg) exhibited no morphologically distinct changes in the ERG. No differences in the time to peaks of the a- and b-wave were observed for any individual.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The a- and b-wave amplitudes of the light adapted ERG could provide insights into the effect of methylphenidate in ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11207,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":"25-32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of functional, structural and vascular characteristics between dominant and nondominant eyes.","authors":"Mualla Hamurcu, Burcu Polat Gültekin, Melisa Tuncer Göçmen, Zarife Nurbanu Mendi","doi":"10.1007/s10633-024-10001-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10633-024-10001-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to compare retinal and optic disc functions as well as vascular structures in dominant eyes (DE) and non-dominant eyes (NDE) among healthy adults using pattern electroretinogram (PERG), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) tests.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-two eyes of 36 healthy subjects with bilateral visual acuity of 1.0 were included. Parameters such as intraocular pressure (IOP), cycloplegic spherical equivalent value (SE), PERG, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses and OCTA measurements were evaluated. Ocular dominance was determined using the hole-in-the-card test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the participants, 67% were female, with a median age of 28 (min-max.18-35) years. Right eye dominance was observed in 61.2% of cases, while left eye dominance was seen in 38.8%. There was no significant difference in refractive values between eyes with right and left eye dominance (0.60 ± 0.40 and 0.41 ± 0.28, p = 0.42). The dominant eyes showed significantly higher P50 amplitude (10.2 µV vs. 9.2 µV, p = 0.003) and shorter peak time (47.9 ms. vs. 48.6 ms, p = 0.01) when compared to the nondominant eyes. There were comparable values in the peak times and amplitudes of the N95 component between the dominant and nondominant eyes. The RNFL layer was thicker on average (p, 0.001) as well as in the nasal and inferior quadrants of the dominant eyes (p < 0.05). OCTA analysis revealed no significant differences in the peripapillary and macular capillary vascular densities between dominant and nondominant eyes (p > 0.05), except for the deep whole capillary density in the macula, which was significantly higher in the dominant eyes (p = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results indicate the existence of functional and structural relationships related to ocular dominance. Future studies provide further insights into ocular dominance and its relationship with eye structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":11207,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":"17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel CACNA1F pathogenic variant in pediatric incomplete X-linked CSNB: integrating portable ERG and genetic analysis.","authors":"Lijin Wen, Yuwen Liu, Zhengwei Yang, Shuping Mei, Yijing Xin, Shiying Li","doi":"10.1007/s10633-024-09998-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10633-024-09998-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a novel hemizygous nonsense variant in the CACNA1F gene associated with congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) in a pediatric patient, emphasizing the utility of portable electroretinography (ERG) and genetic testing in diagnosing unexplained visual impairments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The patient, a 5-year-old male, underwent comprehensive clinical evaluation, including detailed anterior segment and fundus examinations, full-field electroretinogram (ffERG) using a RETeval™ portable device, and whole exome sequencing (WES) to elucidate the genetic basis of his visual impairment. Structural modeling of the mutated protein was performed using SWISS-MODEL and PYMOL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Best-corrected visual acuity was 0.4 logMAR bilaterally, with unremarkable anterior segment and fundus examinations. FFERG revealed significant abnormalities consistent with incomplete CSNB: severely reduced rod response in dark-adapted (DA) 0.01, negative waveform with b/a wave ratio < 1.0 in DA 3.0, and diminished cone response in light-adapted ERG. WES identified a novel pathogenic variant in the CACNA1F gene (c.1234G > T, p.E412*), inherited maternally. This variant introduces a premature stop codon at position 412, likely resulting in a truncated CACNA1F protein.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case highlights the importance of comprehensive clinical assessments and genetic testing in pediatric patients with unexplained visual impairments, revealing a novel CACNA1F variant that expands our understanding of CSNB. The use of a portable ERG device proved particularly valuable in assessing retinal function in this young patient. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the clinical implications of this novel pathogenic variant.</p>","PeriodicalId":11207,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":"33-39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11807014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A modified analysis protocol for the PhNR test.","authors":"William H Ridder, Jeffrey D Farmer","doi":"10.1007/s10633-024-09995-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10633-024-09995-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Several studies have reported that glaucoma patients have abnormal photopic negative response (PhNR) results compared to reference control subjects. The International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) released an extended protocol for PhNR (I-PhNR) in 2018. The purpose of this study was to compare the I-PhNR protocol to a similar protocol modified (M-PhNR) to enhance the performance of the method in detecting glaucomatous damage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty subjects were enrolled in this study (12 glaucoma patients, 10 glaucoma suspects, 8 normal controls). PhNR tests were conducted with a Diagnosys E3 mobile system (Diagnosys LLC, Lowell, MA). I-PhNR tests utilized all parameters specified by the ISCEV requirement. M-PhNR tests used the same parameters as the ISCEV tests with the exceptions of a 5-45 Hz bandpass filter and a novel, objective sweep-selection parameter. According to the ISCEV protocol, the PhNR relative to baseline (i.e., BT), a-wave and b-wave response amplitudes and BT/b-wave amplitude ratios were measured. Coefficients of variation, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and t-tests were used to assess the data from one randomly chosen eye per subject.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The M-PhNR protocol resulted in a decrease in the intra-subject repeat test coefficient of variation and a decrease in the average inter-subject coefficient of variation for the glaucoma subjects. The ROC curves demonstrated an increase in the area under the curve (AUC) for the M-PhNR compared to the I-PhNR protocol. The sensitivity and specificity were also greater for the M-PhNR protocol.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The M-PhNR protocol resulted in a decrease in intra-subject and inter-subject data variability which resulted in a significant increase in the ROC AUC, sensitivity, and specificity for glaucoma. Thus, the M-PhNR protocol shows promise as a better diagnostic tool than the I-PhNR protocol for detecting glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":11207,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":"151-163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142544326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Documenta Ophthalmologica editorial: welcoming a broadened scope.","authors":"Daphne L McCulloch, Ruth Hamilton","doi":"10.1007/s10633-024-09997-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10633-024-09997-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11207,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":"139-142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142709358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An unexpected retained metallic intraocular foreign body.","authors":"Bangtao Yao, Yuhui Liu, Hao Yu","doi":"10.1007/s10633-024-09993-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10633-024-09993-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This case report aims to describe a rare case of asymptomatic retained metallic intraocular foreign body (IOFB) in the retina with reduced full-field electroretinography (ff-ERG) in a Chinese woman.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a clinical investigation of a patient who unexpectedly presented with a metallic IOFB at the superior-temporal region of the left eye ring during a brain computed tomography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Her best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. The dilated fundus photograph of the left eye revealed a metallic IOFB in the retina. She reported no ocular symptoms. A diagnosis of asymptomatic metallic IOFB was made definitely. The subsequent ff-ERG demonstrated subnormal amplitudes of dark and light adaption in the left eye, whereas responses were normal in the right eye.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest the application of ff-ERG has important benefits for evaluating the visual function in patients with retained IOFB.</p>","PeriodicalId":11207,"journal":{"name":"Documenta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":"171-175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}