Cytogenetic and Genome Research最新文献

{"title":"Establishment of cell cultures from the cavefish Astyanax mexicanus: a resource for in vitro studies of supernumerary B chromosome biology.","authors":"João Pedro Silva Climaco, Cesar Martins, Adauto Lima Cardoso","doi":"10.1159/000546231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000546231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction Supernumerary B chromosomes have been extensively investigated using diverse in vivo approaches, revealing insights into their origin, nature, evolutionary dynamics, maintenance mechanisms, and effects on their carriers. Despite its broad applicability across various biological research fields, in vitro cell culture remains underexplored as a tool for studying B chromosome biology, with studies limited to using cell cultures only as a source of chromosome preparations. Methods In the present study, cell cultures of the fish Astyanax mexicanus were established, with (AMEcfB) and without (AMEcf) the B chromosome, using caudal fin tissue collected through non-lethal procedures. These cultures were compared in terms of cell proliferation and in response to environmental stress (pH and temperature) using the MTT and RT-qPCR assay. Results The AMEcf and AMEcfB cell lines exhibited karyotypic stability and high proliferative potential, demonstrating their suitability for diverse scientific applications. The B chromosome, found exclusively in a subpopulation of AMEcfB cells, influenced cell physiology by affecting cell division dynamics. Experiments under extreme pH and temperature conditions revealed differences in cell viability and gene expression between the two lines, highlighting the role of the B chromosome in modulating environmental responses. Conclusion These findings align with previous reports on the effects of B chromosomes in living organisms. Thus, the A. mexicanus cell cultures established here represent a promising resource for investigations into B chromosome biology, offering significant ethical, economic, and methodological advantages.</p>","PeriodicalId":11206,"journal":{"name":"Cytogenetic and Genome Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144301348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACAN Repeat Number Polymorphism in Patients with Idiopathic Short Stature.","authors":"Sayuri Nakamura, Yoko Kuroki, Kyongsun Pak, Tsutomu Kamimaki, Takahiro Mochizuki, Akira Ishiguro, Maki Fukami","doi":"10.1159/000545736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000545736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Idiopathic short stature (ISS) refers to non-syndromic growth failure without chronic disorders. The molecular basis of ISS remains largely unknown. Although a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) of 57 nucleotides in ACAN is known to correlate with the height of people in the general population, the role of this genetic variant in the etiology of ISS has not been studied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We studied 128 Japanese patients with ISS, including 63 patients with prenatal and postnatal growth failure (small-for-gestational age-SS, SGA-SS), and 100 control individuals. To examine the repeat numbers of ACAN VNTR, we amplified the VNTR-containing genomic region and analyzed the PCR products by gel electrophoresis. The accuracy of the results was confirmed by long-read next-generation sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The repeat numbers of the patient group were similarly distributed to those of the control group, and no patient had a very small number. Moreover, the repeat numbers of the shorter and longer alleles in each individual, as well as the average number of the two alleles, were comparable between the two groups. The height standard deviation scores obtained from 106 patients did not correlate with the repeat numbers. There was no difference in the repeat numbers between the SGA-SS or non-SGA ISS groups, and the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study indicate that reduced repeat numbers of ACAN VNTR do not represent a monogenic cause or a major contributing factor for ISS. Our findings await further validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11206,"journal":{"name":"Cytogenetic and Genome Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144301347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Localization of rDNA-associated retrotransposons refines the heterochromatin map of the X chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster.","authors":"Tatyana D Kolesnikova, Olga V Veselova, Galina V Pokholkova, Veit Schubert, Mikhail S Klenov","doi":"10.1159/000546918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000546918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>R1 and R2 retrotransposons specifically integrate into 28S rRNA genes, thereby disrupting many rDNA units within the nucleolar organizer region (NOR) of Drosophila. However, they also appear to play mutualistic roles, contributing to the maintenance of rDNA copy number and the regulation of nucleolar dominance. In addition to their presence in nucleolar rDNA, R1 elements are strongly enriched in the pericentromeric heterochromatin of the X chromosome, located distal to the NOR. This enrichment coincides with several enigmatic genetic phenomena-such as the ABO and cr phenotypes-whose molecular basis remains poorly understood. Notably, this region is one of the least characterized domains of the D. melanogaster genome, lying outside the reference assembly and unresolved in metaphase chromosome preparations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed cytological mapping of R1 and R2 retrotransposons in D. melanogaster heterochromatin using polytene chromosomes from Rif11 mutant, which suppresses under-replication of all types of heterochromatic sequences. These were combined with classical eu-heterochromatic inversions of the X chromosome.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>We identified distinct clusters of both R1 and R2 elements within the X chromosome heterochromatin outside the NOR. R1 elements are highly enriched in the region between the heterochromatic Stellate (hSte) gene cluster and the NOR. This zone exhibits a unique response to Su(var)3-9 mutations, characterized by pronounced decondensation and the formation of a pseudo-puff. Proximal to the R1-enriched domain and adjacent to hSte cluster, we observed a region enriched in R2 elements. The edges of the NOR also show R2 enrichment, likely corresponding to intra-nucleolar domains that accumulate transcriptionally inactive rDNA units. In contrast, nucleolar R1 elements-which also mark inactive rDNA units-are more evenly distributed across the entire NOR. Based on these findings, we propose a refined cytological map of X chromosome heterochromatin in D. melanogaster.</p>","PeriodicalId":11206,"journal":{"name":"Cytogenetic and Genome Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meiosis in hybrids: looking for the order in disorder.","authors":"Irina Bakloushinskaya, Sergey Matveevsky","doi":"10.1159/000546658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000546658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study of gametogenesis in hybrids between intraspecific chromosomal forms or distinct species is mainly aimed at identifying the successful outcome of the process to produce balanced viable gametes. At the same time, deviations from typical meiotic progression patterns may provide a pivotal mechanism for speciation.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The long history of studying the process of gametogenesis and the development of methodological approaches have helped to clarify the cytological and molecular processes that occur during meiosis. Since the early 1980s, Prof. Oxana Kolomiets has been studying meiosis in various species, including mole voles Ellobius, with a focus on chromosome synapsis and other key events during prophase I. Research on hybrids from different chromosomal forms of mole voles has uncovered notable differences in how meiosis progresses and its impact on fertility. In cases where Robertsonian translocations exhibit incomplete homology, various chromosomal multivalents form during prophase I. These configurations are often so complex that the chance of producing balanced gametes appears minimal. Moreover, there were also variations in the formation of trivalents. These discrepancies are thought to arise due to the involvement of distinct chromosomes in Robertsonian translocations, which lead to alterations in the spatial structure of the nucleus. Autosomes and sex chromosomes can exhibit disparities in trajectories of movement, synapsis, and recombination in meiosis. These disparities manifest most distinctly in hybrids, where atypical interchromosomal interactions, including those between sex chromosomes and autosomes, occur. Such interactions are absent in normal meiocytes, highlighting the altered meiotic processes in hybrids.</p>","PeriodicalId":11206,"journal":{"name":"Cytogenetic and Genome Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fertility cost (or sometimes a lack of it) in relation to heterozygosity for Robertsonian rearrangements in mammals: a review.","authors":"Jeremy B Searle, Jonathan J Hughes","doi":"10.1159/000546385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000546385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Robertsonian (Rb) chromosomal rearrangements are very common in mammals and are the primary basis of chromosome number variation between species. The fertility of heterozygotes has particular significance in understanding the mode of fixation of Rb rearrangements, and could have a role in the attainment of reproductive isolation by chromosomally differentiated species.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Here we survey available data on fertility of Rb heterozygotes in mammals, comparing with homozygotes, and considering effects on litter size, frequencies of anaphase I nondisjunction, germ cell death and pachytene features associated with that germ cell death. We consider both simple heterozygotes which form trivalent configurations at meiosis I and complex heterozygotes which form longer configurations due to heterozygosity for different chromosomes with monobrachial homology. Two species have a particularly wide variety of Rb heterozygotes and have been well studied: the house mouse (the western subspecies) and the common shrew. The overall data confirm that heterozygosity for a single Rb metacentric may be associated with near-normal fertility in mammals; though not in every instance. Usually infertility is not going to be a substantial hindrance to fixation of Rb fusions or fissions. Nor is infertility in simple heterozygotes for one or a few Rb metacentrics on its own likely to promote reproductive isolation. However, simple heterozygotes forming many meiotic trivalents and complex heterozygotes forming long meiotic configurations may suffer substantial infertility or sterility. Even so, heterozygous house mice and common shrews forming the very longest meiotic chains and rings may produce some young. We discuss the implications of these findings with regards the role of Rb rearrangements in speciation.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Infertility due to Rb heterozygosity on its own may rarely hinder fixation of Rb rearrangements nor be sufficient to cause a complete interruption to gene flow between hybridizing chromosomal forms. However, this does not rule out a role for Rb rearrangements in speciation. Reinforcement is possible and Rb rearrangements have the potential to act in synergy with genic incompatibilities to promote reproductive isolation. There can also be the contrary process of despeciation. Natural selection may respond in various ways to a given degree of infertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":11206,"journal":{"name":"Cytogenetic and Genome Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000545515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000545515","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11206,"journal":{"name":"Cytogenetic and Genome Research","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jumping Translocation of 3q in a Patient with Mantle Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Elisavet Kouvidi, Georgios Boutsikas, Theofanis Giannikos, Marina Kalomoiraki, Ioanna Haralampous, Dimitra Boulari, Maria Dandoulaki, Maria Roumelioti, Paschalina Pallaki, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos","doi":"10.1159/000546297","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Jumping translocations are rare cytogenetic events in hematologic malignancies, involving nonreciprocal translocation of a donor chromosome onto two or more recipient chromosomes.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>In this paper, we report the first-ever case of a jumping translocation involving the long arm of chromosome 3 in a patient with mantle cell lymphoma. The basic clone had the translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32) and a der(13)t(3;13)(q12;p11), and the three subclones had an additional jumping translocation, involving the translocation of 3q12 onto recipient chromosomes 14p, 15p, and der(14)t(11;14), thus resulting in partial trisomy and tetrasomy 3q.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the underlying mechanism for the formation of jumping translocations is not well understood, their presence is usually associated with poor prognosis and clonal evolution and additional data are needed for their better clinical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11206,"journal":{"name":"Cytogenetic and Genome Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and Genetic Analysis of Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosomes in Prenatal Diagnosis.","authors":"Jiangfeng Qin, Yanfei Zeng, Yinghua Luo, Biyu Lu, Jiaolian Ya, Pengfei Cai, Ling Zhang, Yan Mei, Dejian Yuan, Xiaoni Wei, Yuchan Xu","doi":"10.1159/000546051","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) are small structurally abnormal chromosomes whose origin and structure are difficult to determine by conventional cytogenetic banding techniques. The aims of the study were to analyze sSMCs discovered in prenatal diagnosis, explore the origin and clinical significance of fetal sSMCs, and inform genetic counseling and reproductive health care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Karyotyping was performed on pregnant women who underwent prenatal diagnosis in a Chinese hospital between April 2018 and April 2024. The sSMC cases encountered were further analyzed using copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) to determine the origin of the sSMCs and assess their clinical significance. Uniparental disomy (UPD) was excluded in the families with de novo sSMC cases using multiplex fluorescence PCR and capillary electrophoresis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 30,114 prenatal samples, 30 cases of sSMCs were identified, yielding a detection rate of 0.10%. Family analysis was performed on 23 of these cases, revealing 4 cases inherited and 19 cases of  de novo aberrations. CNV-seq was conducted on 27 cases, with 14 showing no abnormalities and 13 exhibiting CNVs. Among the 10 cases where the origin of the sSMC was clearly identified, the duplications involved chromosomes 4, 10, 12, 15, 18, X, and Y, with pathogenic CNVs accounting for 70.0% (7/10) and variants of uncertain clinical significance accounting for 30.0% (3/10). Out of the 30 women with sSMCs detected, 13 chose to terminate the pregnancy, representing 43.3% (13/30). A follow-up was conducted on 13 de novo sSMC cases that were negative for CNV-seq. Among the live-born fetuses, all except one, who presented with speech delay, showed normal clinical features. UPD testing was successfully performed on 3 families (including the 3-year-old girl with speech delay), and all results were negative.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Utilizing both karyotyping and molecular genetic testing is advantageous for effectively screening and identifying sSMCs. CNV-seq is recommended as an important supplementary method for sSMC identification, thereby providing more detailed genetic counseling for prenatal diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11206,"journal":{"name":"Cytogenetic and Genome Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation and Morphological Manifestation of Germline-Restricted Chromosomes in Three Species of Leaf Warblers of Genus Phylloscopus.","authors":"Irina Ayvazyan, Ruzanna Petrosyan, Emma Rose Khachatrian, Lianna Virabyan, Tigran Abgaryan, Zhenya Poghosyan, Yana Dombrovskaya, Marko Raković, Victor Spangenberg","doi":"10.1159/000545903","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Germline restricted chromosomes are considered a rather ancient element in the genomes of passerine birds. Obviously, detailed comparative studies on model groups including closely related species are required for a better understanding of GRC evolution. It is especially interesting if GRCs in such closely related species have acquired significant differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this work we compared three taxonomically close species of the genus Phylloscopus: Ph. sindianus lorenzii, Ph. collybita menzbieri, and Ph. nitidus, which have differences in morphological manifestation of GRCs: macro- and micro-GRCs. We studied synaptonemal complexes using immunocytochemistry methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We were able to trace the morphological transformations of macro-GRC at stages from leptotene to diplotene, and describe the complex structure of this chromosome in Ph. nitidus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We hope that the taxonomic group under study can become a convenient model for comparative studies of GRCs in closely related species in order to understand the evolution of these unusual chromosomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11206,"journal":{"name":"Cytogenetic and Genome Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of Telomeric Sequences in True Bugs (Heteroptera): New Data on the Infraorders Pentatomomorpha and Cimicomorpha.","authors":"Valentina Kuznetsova, Natalia Golub, Boris Anokhin, Desislava Stoianova, Vladimir Lukhtanov","doi":"10.1159/000545902","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Telomeric sequences are stable parts of the genome and are widely conserved among higher level taxa (e.g., TTAGG in insects and other arthropods) although exceptions are known and their numbers are increasing with research. The true bug suborder Heteroptera (Hemiptera) includes more than 40,000 species in about 100 families, classified into seven infraorders. Four different telomeric motifs are currently known in Heteroptera, including (TTAGG)n, (TTAGGGATGG)n, (TTAGGGGTGG)n, and (TTAGGGTGGT)n. The canonical \"insect\" motif (TTAGG)n was found in representatives of two infraorders, Nepomorpha and Cimicomorpha. Derived motifs were found in a few species previously known as TTAGG-negative in the evolutionarily advanced sister infraorders Cimicomorpha and Pentatomomorpha (= Terheteroptera). Here, we studied telomeric motifs in 20 species of true bugs belonging to 10 families of Terheteroptera.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used fluorescence in situ hybridization with the \"insect\" telomeric probe (TTAGG)n and an alternative probe (TTAGGGATGG)n to map the distribution of telomeric sequences in the chromosomes of 8 species of Pentatomomorpha (from the families Pentatomidae, Rhopalidae, Lygaeidae, Geocoridae, and Blissidae). We also analyzed chromosome-level genome assemblies available in the NCBI database for another 4 species of Pentatomomorpha (from Alydidae, Coreidae, and Pentatomidae) and 8 species of Cimicomorpha (from Reduviidae, Miridae, and Anthocoridae).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, we identified telomeric sequences in all but one (Geocoris dispar; Geocoridae) species. The telomeric motif (TTAGGGATGG)n was detected in both Cimicomorpha (in the families Anthocoridae and Miridae) and Pentatomomorpha (in Blissidae, Lygaeidae, Pentatomidae, and Rhopalidae); the motif (TTAGGGGTGG)n was found only in Pentatomomorpha (in Alydidae, Coreidae, and Pentatomidae); and the canonical \"insect\" motif (TTAGG)n was found in the family Reduviidae (Cimicomorpha). With our new data, telomeric motifs are now known for 40 species of true bugs from 30 genera, 13 families and 3 infraorders, including Nepomorpha, Cimicomorpha, and Pentatomomorpha. Noncanonical motifs are found so far only in the Terheteroptera clade and are dominant in this group, with (TTAGGGATGG)n leading.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our new data have expanded the understanding of telomere composition and evolution in Cimicomorpha and Pentatomomorpha and suggested that (TTAGGGATGG)n telomeric sequences can be considered ancestral for the entire clade Terheteroptera.</p>","PeriodicalId":11206,"journal":{"name":"Cytogenetic and Genome Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}