2020 AIAA/IEEE 39th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)最新文献

{"title":"An Analysis of Implementing PVS in SPARK Ada","authors":"A. Hocking, Jonathan C. Rowanhill, B. Di Vito","doi":"10.1109/DASC50938.2020.9256479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC50938.2020.9256479","url":null,"abstract":"SPARK Ada's support for proofs of correctness make the programming language ideal for implementing a PVS specification. Algorithmically implementing a PVS specification in SPARK Ada allows users to maintain the rigor of PVS in executable code. The goal of such an implementation is to maintain the validity of the proofs showing the specification implements formal requirements specified in PVS as theorems. This then shows the implementation also satisfies those formal requirements. We synthesized portions of NASA's DAIDALUS (Detect and AvoID Alerting Logic for Unmanned Systems) PVS specification into SPARK Ada. To provide confidence in the correspondence between the PVS specification and the SPARK Ada implementation, we designed a formal synthesis process. This process, while currently manual, allows us to have increased confidence that the properties proven to hold for the specification will continue to hold for the implementation.","PeriodicalId":112045,"journal":{"name":"2020 AIAA/IEEE 39th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"707 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132948030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Legal Framework of UTM for UAS","authors":"Richard C. Ryan, Saba Al-Rubaye, G. Braithwaite, Dimitrios Panagiotakopoulos","doi":"10.1109/DASC50938.2020.9256577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC50938.2020.9256577","url":null,"abstract":"It is very apparent that the legal framework for Unmanned aircraft system Traffic Management (UTM) needs to be developed as regulators grapple with issues that relate to legal responsibility and accountability for each UTM stakeholder as the proliferation of drones increases. There is a considerable ‘legal lacuna’ that exists creating much uncertainty within the industry with respect to investment and the direction of innovation. Drones are being utilised today under controlled conditions as technology and ability develops, but with this accelerated pace of technological development, existing regulations soon become limited to address new capabilities and thus become out of date. Policy has become law in many jurisdictions, but policy needs to be developed further to keep pace with demand because safety is paramount. This paper investigates and highlights legal aspects that a regulator and UTM stakeholders have to consider in developing good drone law. It is essential that a properly considered legal framework is developed for many reasons including, but not limited to, increased positive public perception, proliferation of innovation of use cases for Unmanned Aerial Systems, improved environmental impact and improved safety. This paper describes the fundamentals that a well designed and considered legal framework for a UTM system should address, in order to provide much needed certainty that can guide all stakeholders to a regulatory path that leads to safe maximized utility of drones in shared airspace.","PeriodicalId":112045,"journal":{"name":"2020 AIAA/IEEE 39th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132995502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Run-Time Assurance: A Rising Technology","authors":"Justin G. Fuller","doi":"10.1109/DASC50938.2020.9256425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC50938.2020.9256425","url":null,"abstract":"Run-Time Assurance (RTA) is a control architecture wherein a complex or nondeterministic controller operates freely under the supervision of a monitor that may transfer control away from the complex controller to a simpler, more trusted controller any time system behavior exceeds some pre-defined boundary. Based on the simplex architecture advocated by Sha in 2001, the use of such a scheme was intended to improve system reliability and lower software development cost. Research into the use of similar structures has continued up to the present day, fueling a minor movement seeking an alternative means of compliance for complex and nondeterministic avionics. To date, no comprehensive literature review has appeared to document the rise of this architecture. Applications are varied inside the avionics field and beyond, including topics such as satellite orientation, turbofan engine control, small unmanned aircraft, and ground-based vehicles. Many recent papers are discussed in this work in terms of their applications and their specific contributions to the growing body of work in the field of RTA.","PeriodicalId":112045,"journal":{"name":"2020 AIAA/IEEE 39th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130589363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Run-Time Assurance for Learning-Based Aircraft Taxiing","authors":"D. Cofer, Isaac Amundson, R. Sattigeri, Arjun Passi, Christopher Boggs, Eric Smith, Limei Gilham, Taejoon Byun, Sanjai Rayadurgam","doi":"10.1109/DASC50938.2020.9256581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC50938.2020.9256581","url":null,"abstract":"Aircraft systems that include learning-enabled components (LECs) and their software implementations are not amenable to verification and certification using current methods. We have produced a demonstration of a run-time assurance architecture based on a neural network aircraft taxiing application that shows how several advanced technologies could be used to ensure safe operation.","PeriodicalId":112045,"journal":{"name":"2020 AIAA/IEEE 39th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121748008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human-Machine System Design for Autonomous Distributed Satellite Operations","authors":"S. Hilton, A. Gardi, R. Sabatini, Neta Ezer, Shivani Desai","doi":"10.1109/DASC50938.2020.9256426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC50938.2020.9256426","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed Satellite Systems (DSS) provide a promising solution in increasing the sustainability of both the space and terrestrial environment through responsive Earth Observation (EO) and Space Domain Awareness (SDA) operations. To exploit the advantages of DSS mission architectures, a technical evolution is required from the deliberative methodologies of traditional ground station operations to approaches that are more suited to autonomous, reactive space mission architectures. At its core, this transition is directly reflected in the design, and development of new, more autonomous Mission Planning Systems that adopt the Adaptive Multi-Agent System (AMAS) framework. With a view towards trusted autonomy, this paper explores the required evolution towards a more supervisory role of future ground station operations. In doing so, this paper provides an initial analysis of a conceptual goal-based distributed space-based SDA application within the Observe Orient Decide and Act (OODA) decision loop framework.","PeriodicalId":112045,"journal":{"name":"2020 AIAA/IEEE 39th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121832090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precise UWB-Based Localization for Aircraft Sensor Nodes","authors":"C. Karadeniz, Fabien Geyer, T. Multerer, D. Schupke","doi":"10.1109/DASC50938.2020.9256793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC50938.2020.9256793","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, an indoor positioning system (IPS) is introduced to overcome the tedious task of configuration of sensor nodes in an aircraft. Our positioning system is based on a ultra- wideband (UWB) commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) system, which was selected because of its fine resolution in time. In the first part of the work, time of flight (ToF) and multilateration algorithms are implemented and evaluated in two and three dimensional scenarios. Our measurement results show an accuracy below 10 cm in line-of-sight (LOS) conditions. However, when experiments are held inside a cabin mock-up under the presence of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) condition, the accuracy gets significantly worse. To overcome this issue, we introduce a artificial neural network (ANN)-based localization approach in the second part of the work to enhance the localization accuracy using raw channel impulse response (CIR) data provided by the localization system. We first illustrate that our approach is able to distinguish between LOS/NLOS conditions, with an accuracy of more than 85%. We then demonstrate that our ANN can also be trained to directly predict the localization of an object. Our experiments show that the localization error is reduced by approximately 70% resulting in 12.3 cm on average, in comparison with the time-based approach which has 43 cm error for the same measurement setup.","PeriodicalId":112045,"journal":{"name":"2020 AIAA/IEEE 39th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123667910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Spectrum Management Concept for Future NAS Communications","authors":"R. Apaza, E. Knoblock, Hongxiang Li","doi":"10.1109/DASC50938.2020.9256637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC50938.2020.9256637","url":null,"abstract":"With the growth of aviation operations and the emergence of new entrants into the National Airspace System, there has been an increasing demand for aeronautical communications. However, the existing VHF/UHF frequency allocations for NAS operations have become increasingly scarce and unable to support the projected growth in demand. While traditional approaches to address the spectrum scarcity issue (such as reduction of channel bandwidth) have provided some relief, there is a need for a more scalable and sustainable solution. Consequently, NASA is investigating a new approach to spectrum management within the NAS using Artificial Intelligence and other advanced technologies. The concept considers both air-ground and air-air communication networks with the anticipated outcome that the proposed concept will meet the spectrum needs of future NAS communications.","PeriodicalId":112045,"journal":{"name":"2020 AIAA/IEEE 39th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"1997 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123789269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Vulnerability of Random Access Channels in Aeronautical Communications","authors":"D. Mielke, T. Gräupl","doi":"10.1109/DASC50938.2020.9256780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC50938.2020.9256780","url":null,"abstract":"In the last years, digitization of wireless communication has reached the field of aviation. New manned aircraft require advanced communication services to operate efficiently, while unmanned aircraft depend on communication to operate at all. The absence of a crew on board of unmanned aircraft makes reliable data communication between the remote pilot and the air vehicle a requirement for safe operation. One critical part of digital aeronautical communication systems is the initial login of new users. In many digital systems, this is realized by a random access channel, that aircraft use to establish communication with the network. Since failing to log in would make communication with the network impossible, the random access channel is an attractive target for an attacker. In this paper, we analyze the effect of targeted jamming attacks on the random access channel on the login performance of a terrestrial aeronautical communication system. Using computer simulations we show that pulsed jammers with very low duty cycle can achieve similar jamming performances as continuous wave jammers while being far more energy efficent and thus more feasible. We quantize our findings with the network login time and success rate under jamming and conclude that aeronautical communication can be effectively blocked by attacking the random access channel in practical ways. We conclude with the discussion of possible countermeasures.","PeriodicalId":112045,"journal":{"name":"2020 AIAA/IEEE 39th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124777014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Structuring Route Network for Free Route Traffic","authors":"I. Gerdes, A. Temme, J. Rataj","doi":"10.1109/DASC50938.2020.9256442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC50938.2020.9256442","url":null,"abstract":"With increasing requirements to become more flexible in structuring and operating the airspace, it is important to take new ideas for traffic management into account. Our approach of demand depending traffic structuring is able to create a self-structuring main flow network based on a given set of planned flight trajectories automatically. The resulting main flow network is close to the course of the flights, even when assuming unstructured free-routing flights. Our goal is a compromise between the flexibility of great circle or free routing trajectories and the easier surveillance for air traffic controllers in case of a predefined route-network. Usually, trajectories are defined as a sequence of waypoints, e.g. entry and exit points of sectors or turning points. Instead, we define a trajectory as a sequence of intersection points with the routes of all other flights planned in the observed airspace region (common points). Based on these common points, a network structure is created and the flight trajectories are adapted to this structure. Tests with free-routing and great-circle traffic samples led to routes, which are very close to the planned trajectories and comparable in length. Furthermore, a structural complexity metric to measure the complexity of the airspace structure is introduced and the results are very promising. The new algorithm is tested using three different scenarios: Baseline, free routing within a selected airspace region and great-circle between origin and destination airport. The results show the ability of the presented approach to build a route network based on planned or demand data. This can be used to adapt the structure on a daily basis and in case of unforeseen events like thunderstorms. The resulting short and dynamic routes have the advantage that traffic streams better cope with actual demand than standard routings and at the same time air traffic controllers can supervise the traffic streams more easily than free routing patterns. When flexible sector authorization and single controller operations are applied, the presented approach helps to reduce controller workload and increase productivity.","PeriodicalId":112045,"journal":{"name":"2020 AIAA/IEEE 39th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125101398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Effects of Controlled Flights through Fast-Time Simulation","authors":"Zhifan Zhu, Hanbong Lee, Vaishali Hosagrahara, Y. Jung","doi":"10.1109/DASC50938.2020.9256417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC50938.2020.9256417","url":null,"abstract":"Departure flights at major U.S. airports are often subject to Traffic Management Initiatives to mitigate congestion and delay due to demand-capacity imbalances. These controlled flights can lead to inefficiency and delay on the airport surface. The integrated arrival, departure, and surface traffic management capabilities developed by NASA's Airspace Technology Demonstration 2 (ATD-2) sub-project provide enhanced operational efficiency and predictability of flight operations through data exchange and integration, surface metering, and automated coordination of release time of controlled flights for overhead stream insertion. This paper evaluates the impacts of controlled flights on airport performance and assesses the ATD-2 benefits of pushback hold advisories for both controlled and non-controlled flights using fast-time simulation for Charlotte Douglas International Airport.","PeriodicalId":112045,"journal":{"name":"2020 AIAA/IEEE 39th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124188518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}