Dental and Medical Problems最新文献

{"title":"Effect of the contamination and cleaning methods on the tensile bond strength of the polyetheretherketone restorative material cemented with dual-cure resin cement.","authors":"Iman Moheb Ibrahim, Ahmed Ezzat Sabet, Marwa Wahsh, Fatma Adel Mohamed Ahmed","doi":"10.17219/dmp/163128","DOIUrl":"10.17219/dmp/163128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>These days, computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resinbased materials are being used daily in clinical practice for restorations in prosthetic dentistry. In comparison with ceramic materials, they are characterized by better stress distribution and decreased abrasion of the enamel of the opposing teeth. Consequently, they have been applied as alternative materials to ceramics in various dental restorations.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The contamination of the indirect restorative material, which occurs at the clinical and dental laboratory stages, might deteriorate the bonding strength. The ideal surface treatment of the novel polyetheretherketone (PEEK) material for decontamination is yet unknown. The present study was conducted to evaluate the tensile bond strength (TBS) between PEEK and dual-cure self-adhesive resin cement, and determine the effect of contaminants, like temporary cement, artificial saliva and a fit checker, as well as the cleaning methods, like ultrasonic cleaning, phosphoric acid etching and universal cleaning paste (Ivoclean), on the bond.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Eighty PEEK disks were milled, having the final dimensions of 12 mm × 4 mm. The specimens were air-abraded with 50-micrometer aluminum oxide particles at a pressure of 2.8 bar for 15 s at a fixed distance of 10 mm, and then divided into 4 groups according to the contaminant used: temporary cement; artificial saliva; a fit checker; and a control group with no contamination. Furthermore, the first 3 groups were subsequently subdivided into 3 subgroups each according to the cleaning method applied: ultrasonic cleaning; phosphoric acid etching; and universal cleaning paste Ivoclean. The bonding of the specimens was done using dual-cure self-adhesive resin cement. The TBS of the different groups and subgroups was then measured at a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min in a universal testing machine (UTM), using a special test configuration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant interaction between both tested variables (the contamination and cleaning methods) (p < 0.001). The samples contaminated with artificial saliva showed a significantly higher TBS value than the samples subjected to other contaminants (p = 0.005). For the samples contaminated with temporary cement and a fit checker, there were significant differences between the different cleaning methods, with ultrasonic cleaning providing the highest TBS values, followed by phosphoric acid etching, and finally Ivoclean (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Under the conditions of the present study, temporary cement and a fit checker adversely affected the TBS of PEEK, and ultrasonic cleaning was most effective for decontamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":" ","pages":"961-967"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporary bite-raising onlays vs. stabilization splints for the management of pain-related temporomandibular disorders: A retrospective case-control study.","authors":"Francesca Agostini, Roberto Ursini, Antonino Fiorino, Edoardo Staderini","doi":"10.17219/dmp/209034","DOIUrl":"10.17219/dmp/209034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Management goals for patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) include reducing pain, improving function and resuming normal daily activities.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present retrospective study compared the effectiveness and efficiency of 2 different gnathological treatment options - temporary bite-raising onlays (TBR) and stabilization splints (SS) - for the management of pain-related TMDs.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Medical records of 86 patients treated in the Department of Orthodontics of the Agostino Gemelli University Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy, were retrieved: 43 patients were treated with TBR; and 43 with SS. We included adult patients (aged 18-65 years) of both sexes, with a diagnosis of pain-related TMDs according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD), treated with TBR or SS, with no systemic diseases or comorbidities, who provided written informed consent for the use of their clinical data. The outcomes assessed were the presence of pain and reduced mouth opening (<40 mm) at the end of treatment, the number of clinical check-ups and appliance adjustments, the overall treatment duration, self-reported patient discomfort, and the time frame within which patients experienced improvement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Temporary bite-raising onlays on molars achieved significantly higher pain recovery rates than SS in patients with pain-related TMDs (88.4% vs. 66.1%; p < 0.05). With regard to functional improvement in mouth opening, TBR and SS yielded comparable results, with no statistically significant difference between the groups (83.3% vs. 78.6%). Treatment with TBR was shorter than SS treatment, and required fewer clinical check-ups and repetitive occlusal adjustments. The initial self-reported discomfort was slightly more prevalent among TBR patients than among SS patients, while the initial improvement in pain symptomatology occurred earlier in the SS group. Overall, TBR was associated with a higher, although not statistically significant, prevalence of the initial self-reported discomfort, whereas SS was associated with statistically significantly earlier symptom relief.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the initial discomfort, TBR could be considered an effective and time-efficient treatment option for pain management in patients with pain-related TMDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 4","pages":"907-915"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peri-implant strain analysis: An in vitro comparison between screw- and cement-retained posterior base metal restorations.","authors":"Sarit Naishlos, Joseph Nissan, Gil Ben-Izhack, Hagai Betzer, Oded Ghelfan, Ariel Levit, Ofir Rosner","doi":"10.17219/dmp/204217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/204217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research is required to characterize peri-implant strain distribution associated with different restorative designs.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This in vitro qualitative photoelastic stress analysis aimed to compare the influence of retention modality (screw-retained or cement-retained) on strain development around implants supporting different 3-unit posterior restorative designs.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Six prosthetic restorative designs were evaluated according to retention modality and prosthetic configuration: 3 single crowns, cement-retained and screw-retained (SC-c and SC-s, respectively); 3 splinted crowns (SP-c and SP-s); and simple 3-unit bridges (SB-c and SB-s). All prosthetic units were morphologically identical. A photoelastic resin block incorporating 3 implants was mounted on a loading device that applied vertical loads of 200 N simultaneously at 3 identical loading points on each restoration to simulate chewing, occlusal clenching and deglutition. Fringe lines were photographically recorded and qualitatively analyzed after placement of the restorations and during loading.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Screw-retained restoration with splinted crowns (SP-s) was the only design to exhibit strain in the unloaded state following placement, representing preload strain. Loading-induced strains were observed in SC-c and SC-s, with lower strain levels for SC-c than for SC-s, and in SP-c and SP-s, with lower strain levels for SP-c than for SP-s. Both configurations also exhibited crestal strains. The simple bridge (SB) designs revealed purely axial strains, with no crestal strains, regardless of retention modality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Retention modality appears to influence peri-implant strain development in mesiodistal and occlusogingival dimensions for 3-unit single crown and splinted crown designs. Screw-retained 3-unit splinted prostheses may generate preload strains around the unloaded implant supporting the restoration. Simple 3-unit bridge designs demonstrated the most favorable strain pattern, regardless of the retention modality.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 4","pages":"993-1002"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148849783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-dependent effects of gamma-ray irradiation on SLA-treated titanium Grade 4: An in vitro evaluation of its physical, chemical and surface properties.","authors":"Aldilla Miranda, Ira Komara, Arief Cahyanto, Cortino Sukotjo, Agus Susanto","doi":"10.17219/dmp/204865","DOIUrl":"10.17219/dmp/204865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gamma-ray sterilization is commonly used for dental implants, but may alter their physical, chemical and surface properties.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study compared gamma-ray irradiation doses of 15 kGy and 25 kGy in terms of their effects on the physical (microhardness), chemical (titanium (Ti) ion release) and surface (morphology and hydrophilicity) properties of sand-blasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) Ti Grade 4 (G4) implants.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 48 cylindrical Ti G4 samples (4 mm in diameter, 8 mm in thickness) were irradiated using cobalt-60 (Co-60) gamma radiation at 0 kGy (non-irradiated), 15 kGy or 25 kGy doses. Post-irradiation analyses included testing Vickers hardness (HV), Ti ion release in simulated body fluid (SBF) after 2 weeks, the water contact angle (θ), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphology assessment. Statistical significance was set at α = 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gamma-ray irradiation significantly impacted all measured properties. The mean hardness decreased from 536.5 HV (non-irradiated) to 251.3 HV (15 kGy) and 203.8 HV (25 kGy) (p < 0.001); no significant difference was observed between 15 kGy and 25 kGy. Titanium ion release increased with a radiation dose: 44.68 μg/L (non-irradiated); 93.75 μg/L (15 kGy; p = 0.0292 vs. control); and 218.98 μg/L (25 kGy; p < 0.001 vs. control and 15 kGy). The water contact angles approached 0° postirradiation, indicating a shift to superhydrophilicity, significantly different from the moderately hydrophilic control (p = 0.0085), with no difference between the radiation doses (p = 0.1266). The SEM analysis revealed more pronounced micro-damage and roughness at 25 kGy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both 15 kGy and 25 kGy significantly altered surface properties, but 25 kGy induced greater Ti ion release and micro-damage. Within the study limitations, 15 kGy is recommended as the preferred sterilization dose, as it maintains sterility while minimizing mechanical degradation and excessive Ti ion release as compared to 25 kGy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":" ","pages":"933-941"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146060545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimally invasive indirect adhesive restorations for complex cavities: A literature review and comprehensive guide for clinical success.","authors":"Kornchanok Wayakanon, Praween Wayakanon","doi":"10.17219/dmp/191184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/191184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A complex cavity is so named because it results from damage to the enamel-dentin complex, and such cavities can cause patients considerable difficulties in daily life. The reconstruction of damaged areas with synthetic restorative materials requires careful consideration of the unique functional properties of natural enamel and dentin, whose inherent characteristics remain superior to those of any synthetic restorative material currently available. The objective of this article was to organize the available information on indirect adhesive restorations for complex cavities, with particular emphasis on the factors and techniques that require consideration during clinical procedures.An electronic search was performed in MEDLINE/PubMed, the Web of Science and Google Scholar. The articles included in this study comprised randomized controlled trials (RCTs), clinical trials, clinical reports, reviews, and laboratory studies.The amount of the remaining natural tooth structure directly affects the longevity of the restored tooth. The remarkable properties of natural enamel and dentin have long been recognized, and bondable restorative materials have therefore been continuously developed with the aim of preserving these natural tissues and reinforcing the remaining tooth structure through effective adhesion. Even when a large portion of the tooth structure has been destroyed, conservative treatment can often still be performed, allowing the benefits of these advanced techniques to be achieved. All aspects of the procedure need to be considered, including material selection, cavity design and preparation, cavity and restoration surface preparation, and the cementation procedure. Additional techniques, including immediate dentin sealing (IDS) and the controversial deep margin elevation technique, are also addressed in this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 4","pages":"1059-1075"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of hypertension and antihypertensive medications on early implant failure following sinus augmentation.","authors":"Ehud Jonas, Liat Chaushu, Michal Leibovitch, Adrian Kahn, Daya Masri","doi":"10.17219/dmp/200179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/200179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertension (HTN) is a prevalent condition affecting a significant proportion of the population. It requires careful management due to its potential systemic complications. While the overall effects of HTN are well documented, its specific impact on implant dentistry procedures, such as sinus augmentation, remains less clear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study aimed to investigate the influence of HTN and antihypertensive medications on early implant failure (EIF) following sinus augmentation.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary referral center between 2013 and 2021. Data from 425 implants in 152 patients were analyzed. The primary outcome was EIF. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to identify potential risk factors. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hypertension did not significantly affect EIF. However, beta-blocker therapy was identified as an independent risk factor at both the patient and implant levels (OR (odds ratio) = 4.05; p = 0.018 and OR = 3.13; p = 0.045, respectively). A higher number of implants per patient and tobacco smoking were also associated with an increased risk of EIF (OR = 1.49; p = 0.039 and OR = 8.52; p < 0.001, respectively). Other antihypertensive medications were not significantly associated with EIF.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hypertension was not a significant risk factor for EIF following sinus augmentation. However, beta-blocker therapy was associated with an increased risk of failure, whereas other antihypertensive agents, including diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), and calcium channel blockers (CCBs), were not significantly associated with EIF.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 4","pages":"875-883"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148849822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oncogenic viruses in the genomic era: Integration, instability, and cancer evolution.","authors":"Bartosz Szmyd, Agata Pastorczak, Wojciech Młynarski","doi":"10.17219/dmp/225755","DOIUrl":"10.17219/dmp/225755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emerging evidence suggests that viral integration into non-coding and genomically vulnerable regions may represent one of several mechanisms contributing to oncogenesis, warranting further investigation through long-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS).</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 4","pages":"847-849"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148677425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marginal bone loss in screw-retained zirconia fixed prostheses supported by Ti-base or multi-unit abutments: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Alessio Rosa, Marco Gargari, Mirko Martelli","doi":"10.17219/dmp/208297","DOIUrl":"10.17219/dmp/208297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review aimed to evaluate the marginal bone loss (MBL) associated with screw-retained zirconia fixed dental prostheses (FDP) supported by either titanium-base (Ti-base) or multi-unit abutments.A comprehensive literature search was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, covering publications up to May 2024. The inclusion criteria focused on clinical trials and cohort studies reporting quantitative MBL outcomes for zirconia screw-retained prostheses supported by either Ti-base or multi-unit abutments, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Data extraction and risk-of-bias assessments were performed independently by 2 reviewers. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model to pool the MBL values.Of the 752 articles screened, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 684 implants in 412 patients. The mean MBL ranged from 0.19 to 1.26 mm over follow-up periods of 12 to 60 months. The pooled mean MBL was 0.68 mm (95% CI: 0.54-0.81 mm; I2 = 47%). Subgroup analyses revealed no significant differences between the Ti-baseand multi-unit-supported restorations.Screw-retained zirconia FDP supported by Ti-base or multi-unit abutments are associated with minimal MBL within clinically acceptable thresholds. Long-term prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings and further assess biological and technical complication rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 4","pages":"1003-1009"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current approaches to comprehensive oral care after cancer therapy.","authors":"Natalia Jawor, Katarzyna Pogoda, Marcin Ziętek, Katarzyna Skośkiewicz-Malinowska","doi":"10.17219/dmp/216725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/216725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer therapies, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgical interventions, are essential components of modern oncology, but are frequently associated with long-term, multifactorial oral complications that can impair patients' oral function and quality of life (QoL). This narrative review integrates current evidence, clinical guidelines and expert consensus to provide a comprehensive overview of contemporary approaches to oral management following cancer treatment.The aim of this review was to synthesize and critically evaluate current dental strategies for the comprehensive care of individuals after oncologic therapy, identify the most common oral complications, including oral mucositis (OM), xerostomia, dysgeusia, radiation-induced caries, oral candidiasis, osteoradionecrosis (ORN), and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), and highlight the areas requiring further research.A literature search was conducted across PubMed, Wiley Online Library, the Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect from March to October 2025, focusing on clinical trials, reviews and international guidelines. Preventive measures, including remineralization protocols, rigorous oral hygiene practices and salivary stimulants, were emphasized as the crucial components of supportive care. The emerging therapeutic modalities, such as low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and novel pharmacological agents, were critically assessed with regard to their clinical effectiveness.Overall, the evidence emphasizes the need for an interdisciplinary, patient-centered approach involving oncologists, dental specialists and allied healthcare professionals to minimize morbidity and optimize clinical outcomes. Multidisciplinary dental care remains indispensable for preventing and managing oral complications, and improving the long-term QoL of cancer survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 4","pages":"1043-1057"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a combination of calcium hydroxide and the anchovy nano-extract on the odontoblast-like cell count and alkaline phosphatase expression in rats' dental pulp.","authors":"Tamara Yuanita, Eric Priyo Prasetyo, Devi Eka Juniarti, Setyabudi Goenharto, I Dewa Ayu Listiana Kemalaningrum, Ogie Wijayanto, Pranakristi Bagaskara, Firda Dean Yonatasya, Evelyn Tjendronegoro","doi":"10.17219/dmp/207665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/207665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is growing interest in the use and processing of natural products for potential applications in dentistry, including endodontic treatment. Anchovy (Stolephorus insularis) is one such natural product.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the present study was to evaluate odontoblast-like cells (OLCs) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression in the pulp of Wistar rats after the administration of a combination of calcium hydroxide (CH) and the anchovy nano-extract as a potential material for pulp regeneration.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Fifty-four Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: the control group (group 1) received CH and distilled water; the 1st treatment group (group 2) received a 1:1 ratio combination of CH and the anchovy nano-extract; and the 2nd treatment group (group 3) received a 1:2 ratio combination of CH and the anchovy nano-extract. Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups according to the observation periods of 7, 14 and 21 days. Pulp perforation was performed on the rats' maxillary right first molars, followed by the placement of the tested materials into the perforated pulp. The rats were sacrificed according to the respective observation periods. The specimens were processed, and evaluated histopathologically (staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)) and through immunohistochemistry (IHC). The data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey HSD post hoc test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were significant increases in OLCs and ALP expression following the application of the anchovy nano-extract at both 1:1 and 1:2 ratios, with significant differences as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The highest OLC count and ALP expression were observed on day 21. The higher 1:2 ratio resulted in faster OLC formation, which occurred on day 14; in the case of the 1:1 ratio, increased OLC formation occurred on day 21. Both ratios increased ALP expression on day 21.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The application of a combination of CH and the anchovy nano-extract to the perforated pulp increased the number of OLCs and ALP expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 4","pages":"925-932"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}