Dental and Medical Problems最新文献

{"title":"Correlation of dental status and denture use with functional disability (VES-13) and frailty syndrome (Fried phenotype) in Polish older adults: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Dorota Pylińska-Dąbrowska, Hanna Kujawska-Danecka, Kacper Jagiełło, Małgorzata Mossakowska, Tomasz Roman Zdrojewski","doi":"10.17219/dmp/213281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/213281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tooth loss is highly prevalent among older adults and may contribute to frailty and functional decline, yet population-based data from Central and Eastern Europe remains limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to investigate the association of dental status and denture use with 2 indicators of vulnerability - frailty and functional impairment - in a nationally representative sample of older adults in Poland.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Cross-sectional data from 5,457 participants aged ≥60 years who were enrolled in the PolSenior2 study (2018-2019) was analyzed. Dental status was categorized as functional dentition (≥20 teeth), partial dentition (1-19 teeth) or edentulism (0 teeth), with or without denture use. Outcomes included frailty (Fried phenotype ≥3) and functional vulnerability (Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES-13) score ≥3). Descriptive analyses were performed and weighted multivariable logistic regression models were applied, with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), education level, place of residence, and smoking status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Edentulism was independently associated with increased odds of frailty (odds ratio (OR) = 1.47, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.08-2.01) and functional vulnerability (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.10-1.74). Denture use was correlated with lower odds of these outcomes. Partial dentition showed a weaker association, which was statistically significant only for functional vulnerability (VES-13). Male sex was associated with lower odds of both outcomes. A clear gradient was observed across dental categories, from functional dentition to untreated edentulism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tooth loss, particularly when uncorrected by dentures, is a strong, independent marker of frailty and functional vulnerability in older adults. Denture use is associated with lower odds of these conditions but does not fully restore the benefits of natural dentition. Oral health assessment and access to prosthetic rehabilitation should be integrated into geriatric care and public health strategies to support healthy aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linguistic validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Polish version of the BruxApp Cloud platform for the monitoring of awake bruxism.","authors":"Magdalena Osiewicz, Alessandro Bracci, Mieszko Więckiewicz, Aleksandra Nitecka-Buchta, Daniele Manfredini","doi":"10.17219/dmp/221656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/221656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The clinical paradigm for assessing awake bruxism (AB) has evolved from retrospective self-reports toward real-time, data-driven monitoring through ecological momentary assessment (EMA). The BruxApp Cloud platform represents a significant technological advancement in this field, enabling real-time monitoring of masticatory muscle behaviors. However, the international applicability of such digital health instruments depends on rigorous linguistic validation and cultural adaptation to ensure that the ecological validity and conceptual intent of the original instrument are preserved across different linguistic and cultural populations.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the present study was to linguistically validate and culturally adapt the Polish version of the BruxApp Cloud platform in accordance with the latest international standards.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A methodological study was conducted in accordance with the 12-step international guideline for bruxism-related instruments. The protocol comprised independent forward translations performed by a specialist and a \"naive\" translator, followed by a back translation by 2 independent bilingual native speakers. An expert panel comprising clinicians, translators, and one of the original developers then conducted an iterative reconciliation process to resolve discrepancies and ensure conceptual equivalence between the original English version and the Polish translation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The finalized Polish version demonstrated full conceptual and linguistic equivalence with the original English version. The reconciliation process refined anatomical and behavioral terminology - for example, \"mandible bracing\" was translated as napinanie żuchwy - to balance clinical precision with clarity for lay users. Rather than relying on a single group consensus, discrepancies were resolved through iterative forwardand back-translation rounds until 100% agreement with the original English source was achieved.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The validated Polish version of BruxApp Cloud provides a standardized tool for clinical practice and research in Poland. It enables remote, General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)-compliant monitoring of AB behaviors and supports cognitive-behavioral re-education through biofeedback.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidental detection of carotid artery calcification on CBCT: A retrospective analysis of 890 scans (108 cases).","authors":"Walla Samara, Omid Moztarzadeh, Mohammad Najeh Samara, Lukas Hauer, Jan Pernicky","doi":"10.17219/dmp/211938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/211938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carotid artery calcifications (CACs) are markers of atherosclerosis and an increased risk of stroke. Therefore, their incidental detection on dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans can be clinically relevant. Early detection allows timely intervention, potentially reducing the risk of serious cerebral and cardiovascular complications.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to retrospectively analyze the prevalence and severity of CACs on CBCT images and their association with patient characteristics and various risk factors.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective study evaluated 890 CBCT examinations. Of these, 108 patients exhibiting sclerotic changes in the internal carotid artery (ICA) were included and classified as mild, moderate or severe based on the severity of calcification. The study excluded individuals younger than 50 years, as well as cases in which similar radiopacities could not be clearly differentiated. The associations between various clinical variables, including lipid profile parameters, smoking status, a history of chronic diseases, and the severity of calcifications were statistically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 108 patients were categorized based on the severity of calcification as mild (n = 53), moderate (n = 41) or severe (n = 14). The findings indicated significant associations between CAC severity and age (p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (p < 0.001), triglyceride levels (TAG) (p = 0.002), and hypertension (p = 0.027). Low-density lipoprotein levels demonstrated the strongest correlation with the severity of stenosis (p = 0.102).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cone beam computed tomography may incidentally reveal CACs, highlighting the potential need for further medical evaluation. Larger studies are required to confirm the clinical significance of these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of malignant transformation in oral lichen planus and oral lichen planus with dysplasia: A retrospective clinical study of 435 histologically verified cases.","authors":"Jan Liska, Veronika Liskova, Nikoleta Molnarova, Ondrej Topolcan, Jan Netolicky, Pavel Andrle, Lucie Nechutna, Lukas Hauer, Denisa Kacerovska","doi":"10.17219/dmp/209982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/209982","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic activity of the subepithelial lymphocytic infiltrate may induce epithelial changes associated with malignant transformation (MT) in oral lichen planus (OLP) cases.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study compared the risk of developing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in a large cohort of patients with OLP and OLP with epithelial dysplasia (OLD). Special attention was paid to carcinoma location and clinical factors, such as desquamative gingivitis and reticular, erosive or ulcerative status.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 435 histologically verified OLP/OLD cases treated between 2004 and 2024. To assess risk factors, medical history data on medication, smoking and comorbidities was collected. Clinical and pathological aspects were correlated. Statistical analyses were performed using SigmaXL software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the cases included in the study, 59.8% were classified as OLP (260/435) and 40.2% as OLD (175/435). A case was considered a true MT only if it followed the OLP/OLD biopsy results. According to this criterion, 30 OSCCs were diagnosed in 21 patients. Oral squamous cell carcinoma developed in 2.3% of OLP cases (6/260) and 8.6% of OLD cases (15/175), with a statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.0027). The most common site for OSCC was the gingiva/alveolar mucosa, accounting for 33.3% (10/30) of tumors, followed by the tongue (20.0%, 6/30). Two alveolar carcinomas were located at sites of peri-implantitis associated with desquamative gingivitis. In 2 patients, synchronous OSCCs were diagnosed in the maxilla and mandible.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, 8.6% of patients with OLD developed OSCC. Although OLP without dysplasia still carries a risk of OSCC, this risk was approx. 4 times lower, at 2.3%. Cases with desquamative gingivitis require close monitoring due to their higher risk of carcinoma development. We recommend careful observation of desquamative gingivitis around dental implants or in areas of ongoing dental inflammation. Surgical revision with biopsy should be considered if a resorptive process around an implant is suspected.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149080074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy and reproducibility of photogrammetric measurements in dentistry: A systematic review.","authors":"Oliwier Wojciech Pioterek, Katarzyna Majka, Jakub Goździewicz, Wiktoria Taurogińska, Barbara Parol, Daria Pozdniakowa, Albert Synal, Aleksander Sowiński, Martyna Piskorz, Mateusz Drążyk, Mateusz Mazurek, Michał Tulski, Zygmunt Domagała, Maciej Dobrzyński, Paweł Dąbrowski","doi":"10.17219/dmp/205471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/205471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photogrammetry is a method of acquiring three-dimensional (3D) models by superimposing two-dimensional images. Since the publication of the last systematic review, many new articles concerning its use in dental practice have been published. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of photogrammetry based on the available literature. Four databases (PubMed®, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Embase) were searched using the following keywords: \"photogrammetry\"; \"stereophotogrammetry\"; \"dentistry\"; and \"tooth implants\". The following eligibility criteria were applied: the study had to be published in a reliable journal, specify the type of measurements performed, and describe their accuracy or reproducibility. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-1) tool was used for the assessment of the risk of bias. The collected data was tabularized and classified into 3 groups based on the type of measurements performed and into 2 subgroups according to accuracy and precision. Forty-four articles were included in the final analysis. The reviewed articles showed that cephalometric measurements based on photogrammetry have high correlation coefficients and are accurate, with measurement errors below 1 mm. Photogrammetry was highly reproducible and more accurate than intraoral scanners (IOS) for assessing implant positions. Measurements of dental arches showed high intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and high accuracy, with errors below 0.5 mm. The main limitation of this review is that most of the included studies were conducted in vitro; therefore, it was difficult to evaluate the applicability of photogrammetry in clinical practice. Photogrammetry appears to be a precise and accurate method for performing cephalometric measurements, assessing dental implant positions and measuring dental dimensions. However, further clinical studies are needed to evaluate its practical relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive functional neurosurgery revisited: The emerging role of MRgFUS in neuropsychiatric disorders.","authors":"Bartosz Szmyd, Rafał Wójcik, Agata Gabryelska","doi":"10.17219/dmp/225910","DOIUrl":"10.17219/dmp/225910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) represents a conceptual shift in functional neurosurgery by integrating non-invasive precision lesioning and potential neuromodulation within a single, circuit-based platform for refractory neuropsychiatric disorders, although its clinical implementation requires controlled evidence, refined patient selection, and careful consideration of ethical and social perceptions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 5","pages":"1087-1090"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation and reporting standards for dental artificial intelligence: Lessons from materials biosafety.","authors":"Marcin Mikulewicz","doi":"10.17219/dmp/226044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/226044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extending dentistry's rigorous biomaterial-biosafety validation principles to artificial-intelligence (AI) treatment-planning tools requires prospective and external validation, clearly defined clinical indications, and post-deployment performance monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 5","pages":"1091-1094"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and comparison of three graftless implant methods for maxillary rehabilitation: All-on-4®, All-on-6 and zygomatic implants - a retrospective observational study.","authors":"Justyna Klempka, Jolanta Sikorska, Joanna Wysokińska-Miszczuk, Michał Oszwałdowski, Andrea Enrico Borgonovo, Paweł Aleksandrowicz","doi":"10.17219/dmp/216780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/216780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Edentulism and posterior maxillary edentulous spaces lead to functional limitations as well as aesthetic and psychosocial consequences. In recent decades, implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation has become the gold standard for the treatment of patients with tooth loss.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this retrospective comparative study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and incidence of complications associated with different graftless implant techniques used for the rehabilitation of the edentulous maxilla and posterior maxillary edentulous spaces.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study was conducted based on the medical records of patients who underwent implant treatment performed by the same surgical team at 4 private dental clinics in Poland between 2015 and 2020. A total of 667 dental implants placed in 153 patients of different ages and sexes were included in the analysis. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 5 years. Three types of dental implants were evaluated. The χ2 test and Fisher's exact test were used for the statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most frequently selected implantation technique for maxillary rehabilitation was the All-on-6 method, which was associated with a complication rate of 3.70%. The All-on-4® method was the least frequently used and demonstrated a failure rate of 7.05%. A lack of osseointegration was observed in 4.81% of the zygomatic implants. The statistical analysis did not reveal any statistically significant differences in osseointegration rates among the evaluated methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The All-on-4®, All-on-6 and zygomatic implant techniques are effective alternatives to conventional approaches for the rehabilitation of the edentulous, atrophic maxilla or posterior maxillary edentulous spaces. All three techniques are associated with comparable complication rates. These methods shorten treatment and rehabilitation time and reduce trauma by minimizing the number of surgical interventions, eliminating the need for guided bone regeneration procedures and interventions into the sinus (sinus lift). Further studies with follow-up periods exceeding 5 years and larger patient cohorts are warranted to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148988311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endodontic status of patients with coronary atherosclerosis: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Paola Andrea Escobar-Villegas, Ana Isabel Realpe-Camelo, Diana Andrea Arana-Salas, Jorge Guillermo Velásquez, Manuel Paulo, Carlos Humberto Martínez-Cajas, Sandra Amaya-Sanchez, Juan Esteban Gómez-Mesa","doi":"10.17219/dmp/205472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/205472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are no studies in the Colombian population assessing the prevalence and severity of apical lesions (ALs), or the relationship between the frequency and quality of endodontic treatment (ET) obturation and the presence of ALs in patients with coronary atherosclerosis (CA).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study aimed to estimate the frequency of ALs and ET in Colombian patients with CA, and to identify a possible association between the frequency and severity of ALs and CA.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study had a cross-sectional design. We included patients with the evidence of CA diagnosed by coronary angiography. The main outcome variables were the number of compromised coronary arteries and their degree of obstruction, as well as ET, including ALs and previously treated teeth (PTT). The periapical index (PAI) was assessed using periapical radiographs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,394 teeth from 69 patients were evaluated (δ = 20.2 teeth/patient). The frequency of ALs and ET was 5.7% and 10.1%, respectively, considering all teeth evaluated, with a greater presence in the maxilla (50.6% and 51.4%, respectively). Apical lesions were most frequently observed in premolars and molars (35.4%), whereas ET was more frequent in molars (38.6%). Among teeth with ALs, PAI 3 was the most frequent score. Apical lesions were present in 40.0% of endodontically treated teeth; 79.2% of these teeth had inadequate obturation, of which 40 (39.2%) had ALs (p = 0.021).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In patients with CA, a high incidence of ALs and ET was observed, with no evidence of an association between the frequency of ALs, the severity of coronary vessel occlusion, and the number of coronary arteries affected. More ALs were observed in teeth with inadequate ET. However, as we did not have a control group for comparison, these findings should be interpreted with caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 4","pages":"885-891"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148849785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing survival in recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer patients after radiotherapy with/without targeted molecular therapy: A concise systematic review.","authors":"Asmaa Tahseen Uthman, Omran Ammar Alkhaled, Amal Emad Alrefai, Hafsa Nasser Abdulghafoor, Abdelqader Mohammad Elramahi, Shishir Ram Shetty, Natheer Hashim Al-Rawi","doi":"10.17219/dmp/208196","DOIUrl":"10.17219/dmp/208196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review evaluates the outcomes of different radiotherapeutic strategies in the management of head and neck cancers (HNCs), including curative-intent radiotherapy (RT), palliative stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), multimodal approaches combining surgery and RT, and immunotherapy-based combinations.A structured literature search was conducted using 4 electronic databases - PubMed, BioMed Central (BMC), Scopus, and Ovid - to identify studies relevant to RT for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), with a focus on the Quad Shot regimen and other hypofractionated approaches. The search strategy included keywords such as \"palliative radiotherapy\", \"head and neck cancer\", \"Quad Shot\", \"hypofractionated RT\", and \"recurrent HNSCC\", and was limited to studies published in English up to March 2025.Fourteen studies were included in this systematic review, comprising a total of 26,734 patients. Curative RT demonstrated favorable outcomes in large cohorts, particularly in terms of overall survival (OS) and local control (LC). Palliative SBRT regimens provided substantial symptomatic relief and disease control with minimal toxicity among elderly and inoperable patients.Multimodal treatment options yielded the most promising survival outcomes, particularly in patients with early-stage disease. Furthermore, the combination of immunotherapy and RT showed potential synergistic effects, improving both OS and progression-free survival (PFS).</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 4","pages":"1011-1019"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148849873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}