Comparative evaluation of the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on serum levels of mannose-binding lectin, SIRT-1 and C-reactive protein in non-smokers and smokers with stage III periodontitis: A case-control study.

Background: Host response to periodontal pathogens present in microbial plaque is characterized by the expression of various inflammatory and immune mediators known as biomarkers. There is a paucity of literature addressing the impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on serum biomarkers, such as mannose-binding lectin (MBL), sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP), in non-smokers and smokers with stage III periodontitis.

Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of NSPT on serum levels of MBL, SIRT-1 and CRP in non-smokers and smokers with stage III periodontitis.

Material and methods: A total of 105 patients were equally divided into 3 groups, as follows: group I - periodontally healthy individuals; group II - non-smokers with stage III periodontitis; group III - smokers with stage III periodontitis. Probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and papillary bleeding index (PBI) were recorded, and serum MBL, SIRT-1 and CRP levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The patients underwent NSPT, and all parameters were re-evaluated 6 weeks after the procedure.

Results: The mean change in MBL levels across the 3 groups from baseline to recall was significant. Conversely, SIRT-1 and CRP levels exhibited non-significant differences from baseline to recall, with p-values of 0.172 and 0.548, respectively. The mean differences in MBL and SIRT-1 levels between groups I and III at baseline (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.041 for MBL and SIRT-1, respectively) as well as in MBL between groups II and III at recall (p < 0.0001) were statistically significant.

Conclusions: A positive association of serum MBL levels and CRP levels as well as a negative association of SIRT-1 with the severity of periodontal disease may serve as a valuable, precise and feasible method of identifying individuals at risk of developing periodontal disease.