Current rheumatology reviews最新文献

{"title":"Low Frequency of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Despite Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Corticosteroids in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.","authors":"Wilder Carvajal-Gutiérrez, María A Cisneros-Cisneros, Omar-Javier Calixto, Maria-Alejandra Meneses-Toro, Andrés Jesús Prada Rueda, Merardo A Vega-Báez, Duván A Álvarez-Vargas, Adriana C Uscátegui-Ruiz, Consuelo Romero-Sanchez, Juan-Manuel Bello-Gualtero","doi":"10.2174/0115733971290285240207080745","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733971290285240207080745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease. It has been identified that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids can be essential risk factors for developing complications such as upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to describe the safety profile of drugs used to treat RA focused in UGIB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study of patients with RA between 2015 and 2021, a description of the population, and an evaluation of the relationship with UGIB through bivariate analysis and logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 405 individuals, 16 presented UGIB (93.8% women, mean age was 65±13.6 years). No statistically significant differences were found regarding UGIB and medication use, except for the mean dose of corticosteroids. In the multivariate analysis, it was found that the presence of anemia in the last three months had an adjusted OR (AOR) of 16.1 (95% CI 2.74- 24.23) and higher HAQ values during the previous three months had an AOR of 6.17 (95% CI 1.79- 21.24).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found a low frequency of UGIB in patients with RA. More significant disability and anemia in the previous months were independently associated with UGIB. The low frequency of NSAID use in this population is noteworthy. In general, reasonable medication use related to this complication is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":"555-562"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139740689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Study on Scoring and Grading Systems for Predicting the Severity of Knee Osteoarthritis.","authors":"Pavan Mahendrakar, Dileep Kumar, Uttam Patil","doi":"10.2174/0115733971253574231002074759","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733971253574231002074759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) is a degenerative joint ailment characterized by cartilage loss, which can be seen using imaging modalities and converted into imaging features. The older population is the most affected by knee OA, which affects 16% of people worldwide who are 15 years of age and older. Due to cartilage tissue degradation, primary knee OA develops in older people. In contrast, joint overuse or trauma in younger people can cause secondary knee OA. Early identification of knee OA, according to research, may be a successful management tactic for the condition. Scoring scales and grading systems are important tools for the management of knee osteoarthritis as they allow clinicians to measure the progression of the disease's severity and provide suggestions on suitable treatment at identified stages. The comprehensive study reviews various subjective and objective knee evaluation scoring systems that effectively score and grade the KOA based on where defects or changes in articular cartilage occur. Recent studies reveal that AI-based approaches, such as that of DenseNet, integrating the concept of deep learning for scoring and grading the KOA, outperform various state-of-the-art methods in order to predict the KOA at an early stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":"133-156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41194472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Relationship between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoporosis Based on Mendelian Randomization.","authors":"Song Feichao, Chen Rongrong, Shichang Ji, Bingjie Liu, Zhang Junfeng","doi":"10.2174/0115733971261225231021173529","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733971261225231021173529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As the global population ages, the World Health Organization has found a yearly increase in the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. This trend poses a challenge to public health and healthcare and calls for the implementation of more preventive and treatment measures to address these health issues.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoporosis (OP) using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>OP diagnosis was based on the gold standard of bone mineral density (BMD). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified from the genome-wide association research database formed by RA and BMD, with a parameter setting of P < 5×10-8, chain imbalance r2<0.01, and kb = 10,000. Five complementary MR methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, simple mode estimation based on mode, and weighted estimation based on mode, were used to evaluate the causal relationship between RA and OP/BMD using odds ratio (OR) values and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Sensitivity analyses were performed using heterogeneity tests, horizontal pleiotropy, and individual rejection tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 78 instrumental variables were identified that were closely related to both RA and BMD in mixed populations, while 14 instrumental variables were identified in the European population and 38 instrumental variables were identified in the Asian population. Using IVW as the main analysis method, the MR analysis results of RA and BMD showed the following: mixed population OR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.93-1.00; European population OR = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.27-1.12; and Asian population OR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.90-1.01. Sensitivity analyses showed that the MR results were robust.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found insufficient evidence of a causal relationship between RA and OP/BMD, suggesting that RA may not have a direct effect on OP/BMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":"284-295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71479307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Apoptosis in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis: An Explicative Review.","authors":"Deepshi Arora, Yugam Taneja, Anjali Sharma, Ashwani Dhingra, Kumar Guarve","doi":"10.2174/1573397119666230904150741","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573397119666230904150741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apoptosis is a complex regulatory, active cell death process that plays a role in cell development, homeostasis, and ageing. Cancer, developmental defects, and degenerative diseases are all pathogenic disorders caused by apoptosis dysregulation. Osteoarthritis (OA) is by far the most frequently diagnosed joint disease in the aged, and it is characterized by the ongoing breakdown of articular cartilage, which causes severe disability. Multiple variables regulate the anabolic and catabolic pathways of the cartilage matrix, which either directly or indirectly contribute to cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis. Articular cartilage is a highly specialized tissue made up of an extracellular matrix of cells that are tightly packed together. As a result, chondrocyte survival is crucial for the preservation of an optimal cartilage matrix, and chondrocyte characteristics and survival compromise may result in articular cartilage failure. Inflammatory cytokines can either promote or inhibit apoptosis, the process of programmed cell death. Pro-apoptotic cytokines like TNF-α can induce cell death, while anti-apoptotic cytokines like IL-4 and IL-10 protect against apoptosis. The balance between these cytokines plays a critical role in determining cell fate and has implications for tissue damage and disease progression. Similarly, they contribute to the progression of OA by disrupting the metabolic balance in joint tissues by promoting catabolic and anabolic pathways. Their impact on cell joints, as well as the impacts of cell signalling pathways on cytokines and inflammatory substances, determines their function in osteoarthritis development. Apoptosis is evident in osteoarthritic cartilage; however, determining the relative role of chondrocyte apoptosis in the aetiology of OA is difficult, and the rate of apoptotic chondrocytes in osteoarthritic cartilage is inconsistent. The current study summarises the role of apoptosis in the development of osteoarthritis, the mediators, and signalling pathways that trigger the cascade of events, and the other inflammatory features involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":"2-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10164896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echocardiography Coupled with Strain Method in the Screening for Cardiac Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis.","authors":"Mouna Brahem, Hassen Ibn Hadj Amor, Rihab Sarraj, Imen Touil, Salma Kraiem, Ramzi Rouabhia, Ella Hmaier, Ghassen Haj Mbarek, Ameni Ben Salem, Imen Mlouki, Sana Mhamdi, Haifa Hachfi, Mohamed Younes","doi":"10.2174/1573397119666230727111601","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573397119666230727111601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, the usefulness of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in systematic screening was assessed for various cardiac abnormalities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a comparative cross-sectional study from July 2020 to February 2021. Each patient underwent a TTE coupled with the strain technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-two RA patients and 72 controls were included. Abnormalities detected by TTE were more frequent in RA patients (80.6% vs. 36.1%; p < 0.01), and they were asymptomatic in 65.5% of cases. Valvular involvement was found in 45.8% of RA patients, with a significant difference (p < 0.01). Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was also more frequent in the RA group (36.1% vs. 13.9%; p < 0.01). Left ventricular systolic dysfunction was absent in our study, but subclinical left ventricular myocardial damage assessed by Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) method was found in 37.5% of RA patients and 16.6% of controls (p < 0.01). The mean GLS in RA patients was -17.8 ± 2.9 (-22 to -10.7) vs. -19.4 ± 1.9 (-24.7 to -15.7) in controls. Left ventricular hypertrophy was detected in 22.2% of RA patients and in 6.9% of controls (p < 0.01). Pericardial effusion and pulmonary arterial hypertension were present only in the RA group (2.8% of cases). We found a significant relationship between echocardiographic damage and disease activity (p < 0.01), number of painful joints (p < 0.01), functional impact (HAQ) (p = 0.01), CRP level (p < 0.01) and the use and dose of Corticosteroids (p = 0.02; p = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Echocardiographic damage in RA is frequent and often asymptomatic, hence there has been an increased interest in systematic screening in order to improve the quality of life and vital prognosis of patients. Early management of RA can reduce the risk of occurrence of cardiac involvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":"72-81"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10255605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Promising Role of Guggulipid in Rheumatoid Arthritis Management: An In-depth Analysis.","authors":"Amit Sahu, Sunny Rathee, Sanjay Kumar Jain, Umesh Kumar Patil","doi":"10.2174/0115733971280984240101115203","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733971280984240101115203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Guggulipid, an oleo-gum resin extracted from the bark of <i>Commiphora wightii</i> of the Burseraceae family, holds a significant place in Ayurvedic medicine due to its historical use in treating various disorders, including inflammation, gout, rheumatism, obesity, and lipid metabolism imbalances.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the molecular targets of guggulipids and explore their cellular responses. Furthermore, it summarizes the findings from <i>in-vitro, in-vivo</i>, and clinical investigations related to arthritis and various inflammatory conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive survey encompassing <i>in-vitro, in-vivo</i>, and clinical studies has been conducted to explore the therapeutic capacity of guggulipid in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Various molecular pathways, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), PI3-kinase/AKT, JAK/STAT, nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and NFκB signaling pathways, have been targeted to assess the antiarthritic and anti-inflammatory effects of this compound.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The research findings reveal that guggulipid demonstrates notable antiarthritic and anti-inflammatory effects by targeting key molecular pathways involved in inflammatory responses. These pathways include COX-2, VEGF, PI3-kinase/AKT, JAK/STAT, iNOS, and NFκB signaling pathways. <i>in-vitro, in-vivo</i>, and clinical studies collectively support the therapeutic potential of guggulipid in managing rheumatoid arthritis and related inflammatory conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review provides a deeper understanding of the therapeutic mechanisms and potential of guggulipid in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. The collective evidence strongly supports the promising role of guggulipid as a therapeutic agent, encouraging further research and development in guggulipid-based treatments for these conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":"469-487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139570134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Interleukin 17 in Egyptian Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients as a Biomarker in Disease Activity.","authors":"Mervat Behiry, Mary Wadie, Nagwa Abdelghaffar Mohamed, Rania Farid, Hala Ramadan","doi":"10.2174/0115733971282065240123075748","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733971282065240123075748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic idiopathic systemic autoimmune disorder with dysregulation of adaptive and innate immune systems. Interleukin (IL)-17 is the prototypical pro-inflammatory cytokine of T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Therefore, it contributes to the pathogenesis of human SLE.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the research paper was the evaluation of IL-17 level as a biomarker in the SLE cohort and its relation to disease activity and analysis of IL-17 concentration in patients with lupus nephritis and non-lupus nephritis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The research enrolled 45 SLE patients according to Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Classification Criteria (SLICC), and age and sex-matched. The patients underwent full history, clinical examination, laboratory investigation, and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) calculation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age ± SD of the participants equaled 32 ± 11 years, and serum IL-17 in SLE cases was statistically significantly high (p < 0.001). No statistically significant correlations were reported between disease activity according to SLEDAI and IL-17. In addition, a statistically significant positive correlation was reported between IL-17 and ESR, and a high statistically significant negative correlation was reported between IL-17 and C3 and C4 (P < 0.001). A statistically significant positive correlation was reported between IL-17 and 24-hour urinary proteins with a Pvalue of 0.01.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SLE cases demonstrated higher levels of serum IL-17, contributing to SLE pathogenesis. However, no statistically significant difference was reported between IL-17 and Lupus nephritis. IL-17 and SLE activity (SLEDAI) did not correlate. A statistically significant positive relation was reported between IL-17 and 24-hour urinary proteins. Additionally, a high statistically significant negative correlation was reported between IL-17 and C3 and C4.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":"534-543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139650395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Undiagnosed Intra-articular Synovial Hemangioma: A Rare Cause of Knee Pain and Swelling.","authors":"Gayathri Drondula, Jyotsna Bharti, Jyoti Verma, Samireddypalle Yugandhar, Purushotham Lingaiah","doi":"10.2174/0115733971266035231123154807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971266035231123154807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Synovial hemangioma is a benign soft-tissue tumor of vascular origin. Hemangioma only accounts for 1% of all bone lesions and is mostly an incidental finding among the primary skeleton tumors. A delay in diagnosis results in joint degeneration and osteoarthritic damage because of infiltrating tumor growth.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We presented a rare case of an intra-articular synovial hemangioma in a 13- year-old pediatric patient who was asymptomatic for 5 years. She attended orthopedics OPD at AIIMS, Mangalagiri. Surgical excision of the mass and partial synovectomy was done. Synovial hemangioma came out to be the diagnosis following a histologic study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As radiography has limited diagnostic ability, synovial hemangiomas are difficult and challenging to identify on an outpatient basis. Histological examination and magnetic resonance imaging are extremely helpful. To minimize the hemarthrosis risks, early complete excision can be used as the best treatment modality.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":"20 3","pages":"332-336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141161194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaffold Proteins in Autoimmune Disorders.","authors":"Josna Joseph, John Mathew, Jessy Alexander","doi":"10.2174/1573397119666230904151024","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573397119666230904151024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cells transmit information to the external environment and within themselves through signaling molecules that modulate cellular activities. Aberrant cell signaling disturbs cellular homeostasis causing a number of different diseases, including autoimmunity. Scaffold proteins, as the name suggests, serve as the anchor for binding and stabilizing signaling proteins at a particular locale, allowing both intra and intercellular signal amplification and effective signal transmission. Scaffold proteins play a critical role in the functioning of tight junctions present at the intersection of two cells. In addition, they also participate in cleavage formation during cytokinesis, and in the organization of neural synapses, and modulate receptor management outcomes. In autoimmune settings such as lupus, scaffold proteins can lower the cell activation threshold resulting in uncontrolled signaling and hyperactivity. Scaffold proteins, through their binding domains, mediate protein- protein interaction and play numerous roles in cellular communication and homeostasis. This review presents an overview of scaffold proteins, their influence on the different signaling pathways, and their role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and auto inflammatory diseases. Since these proteins participate in many roles and interact with several other signaling pathways, it is necessary to gain a thorough understanding of these proteins and their nuances to facilitate effective target identification and therapeutic design for the treatment of autoimmune disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":"14-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10162594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Value of Nailfold Capillaroscopy in the Classification and Differential Diagnosis of Raynaud's Phenomenon in Rheumatology.","authors":"Sevdalina Nikolova Lambova","doi":"10.2174/1573397119666230905151903","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573397119666230905151903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among instrumental techniques, nailfold capillaroscopy plays a leading role in the assessment of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) patients because it is the only method that provides opportunities for morphological assessment of capillaroscopic findings in the nailfold area, with proven diagnostic and prognostic significance in rheumatology. The discussion about updating the classification of RP in rheumatology is interesting given the current understanding of capillaroscopic findings in rheumatic diseases and improvements in immunological diagnostics. The presence of dilation of the \"true\" capillary diameters in primary RP could be observed. There are some cases of primary RP where the capillaroscopic pattern is completely normal and there are no dilated capillaries present, which could be related to the duration and severity of the symptoms. It is possible that longer duration and greater severity are associated with the appearance of capillary dilations, but more research is needed to confirm it. Rarely, pathological capillaroscpic features of microangiopathy could be observed in RP patients in whom clinical, laboratory and immunological findings are compatible with the diagnosis \"primary RP\". These cases should be defined as \"suspected secondary RP\" and require closer follow-up for the assessment of symptom evolution. Abnormal \"scleroderma\" type capillaroscopic pattern has been established as a new classification criterion for systemic sclerosis (SSc) in 2013. Similar changes (\"scleroderma-like\" pattern) could be observed in other rheumatic diseases, i.e., undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD), systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, including without evidence of overlap with scleroderma. The appearance of such microvascular abnormalities at disease presentation is less well studied in diseases different from SSc. However, \"scleroderma-like\" microangiopathy has also been reported as an initial sign in some systemic rheumatic diseases, such as UCTD and systemic lupus erythematosus. Thus, interpretation of capillaroscopic findings is performed in overall context, including clinical findings and laboratory and immunological test results.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":"108-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10201751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}