Current rheumatology reviews最新文献

{"title":"The TIM-3/Gal-9 Pathway: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Regulation of Immune Checkpoint in Rheumatoid Arthritis.","authors":"Debjeet Sur, Riya Pramanik","doi":"10.2174/0115733971330865250312075719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971330865250312075719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune ailment that is marked by persistent synovial joint inflammation, which causes joint destruction and other systemic consequences. The immune system is equipped with a wide range of effector mechanisms that are capable of inflicting severe harm on pathogens that invade it, as well as inflicting severe harm on the body itself. The immune system must carefully regulate itself to avoid such damage to host tissues and restore equilibrium following an inflammatory response. In the peripheral immune system, the immune cell responses are regulated by a balance of positive and negative signals that are sent to effector cells to adjust them to their environment. The identification of immunological checkpoints has opened up new avenues for studying and perhaps modifying immune responses in the context of RA pathogenesis. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (TIM-3), a member of the TIM family, has emerged as a major regulator in immune checkpoint pathways, with several studies on its various functions in immunological homeostasis and autoimmune disorders. This review narrates the critical function of TIM-3 in the control of immunological checkpoints in rheumatoid arthritis also the potential role of TIM-3/GAL-9 signalling as a therapeutic target for the development of a new class of immunotherapeutic agents for the treatment of RA.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine to Nano-Vaccine: Novel Technique to Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis.","authors":"Sandip Zine, Dhanashri Kadam, Pranita Lodha","doi":"10.2174/0115733971330575250121054355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971330575250121054355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autoimmune diseases are a class of diseases wherein the immune system of the body targets itself through autoreactive T cells and autoantibodies. Autoimmune diseases are classified as organ-specific autoimmune diseases and systemic autoimmune diseases. Organ-specific autoimmune diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT), Type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1D), and Graves' Disease (GD) are characterized by a unique immune system response to autoantigens in a single organ. Systemic autoimmune diseases such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), and Sjogren syndrome are characterized by a systemic spread of autoantigens causing a multi-organ attack. In this review, we discuss rheumatoid arthritis, its prevalence in India, and its risk factors. We discuss the pharmacotherapies for RA that are currently available on the market. By identifying the disadvantages and side effects of the treatment, we mainly focus on how nanotechnology will be helpful in vaccine research and the advancement of anti-RA therapeutics from vaccines to nano-vaccines. In addition, the benefits of nano-vaccines are explored in future perspectives. In conclusion, nano-vaccines will be a novel technique for treating RA because they show possible outcomes from nanovaccine use.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Axial and Peripheral Melorheostosis in a Young Boy: A Unique Case.","authors":"Hesham Hamoud, Ahmed M Elhilasy, Eman E A Elsalam, Basma M Elnaggar, Hemmat Ahmed Elabd, Hosam Arafa, Maha S S Mohamed, Mai Abdelhalim Moussa, Marwa Mohammed M Ali Abd El Rahim, Hala Mohamed Elzomor","doi":"10.2174/0115733971342621250305173428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971342621250305173428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Axial melorheostosis is a rare clinical condition with only a few cases identified worldwide. The combination of axial and peripheral melorheostosis has not reported before, to the best of our knowledge.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Here, we present a case of a 9-year-old boy, who was referred with pain and swelling over the medial upper right leg with slight limping of insidious onset over a 3-month period. In addition, there was discomfort and irregular patchy skin lesions over the lower back. On examination, a tender swelling with irregular borders was felt over the right upper tibia. A diagnosis of axial and peripheral melorheostosis was confirmed by radiological imaging. A single dose of intravenous zolendronic acid (0.05 mg/kg) was administered. The patient showed significant improvement of symptoms within 2 months of treatment, with complete alleviation of symptoms after 6 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Axial and peripheral melorheostosis can present together; however, peripheral lesions may adequately respond to zolendronic acid treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic Sclerosis Complicated by Rapidly Progressive Osteomyelitis: A Case Report.","authors":"Angelo Nigro","doi":"10.2174/0115733971365099250205151000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971365099250205151000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by progressive fibrosis and vascular complications. Osteomyelitis is a rare but serious complication in patients with systemic sclerosis, particularly those with advanced vascular compromise. This case is notable for the rapid progression of osteomyelitis and highlights the importance of early intervention and thorough clinical monitoring.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report the case of a 68-year-old female with SSc (Scl-70 positive), treated with iloprost IV, nifedipine, bosentan, prednisone, and mycophenolate for pulmonary involvement. In January 2024, she developed acrocyanosis and severe pain in the fifth toe of the right foot. A small ulcer formed, and subsequent radiographic evaluation revealed rapid progression of osteolysis. Despite negative culture swabs, an infectious process was suspected, and combination antibiotic therapy was initiated. This treatment led to a gradual resolution of symptoms, with subsequent imaging showing detachment of the fifth toe.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the critical need for vigilant radiographic monitoring and timely antibiotic intervention in patients with SSc who develop vascular complications. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for optimizing patient outcomes and preventing severe bone damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Therapies and Strategies for Rheumatoid Arthritis.","authors":"Pallavi Kathoke, Kalyani Thombre, Krishna Radheshyam Gupta, Milind Janrao Umekar","doi":"10.2174/0115733971340845250120054856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971340845250120054856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that requires early detection and treatment. Currently, we have three categories of slow-acting disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs): (1) conventional synthetic (csDMARD), (2) biologic (bDMARD), and (3) directed or targeted synthetic (tsDMARD).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review explores innovative therapeutic modalities for RA, discussing their potential advantages and challenges. The objective is to assess the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of these novel therapies to improve the quality of life for RA patients. Also, focus has been laid on non-pharmacologic modalities in comparison to pharmacologic modalities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review discusses several innovative therapies for RA, including acrylamide derivatives, coumarin derivatives, JAK1-selective inhibitors, monoclonal antibody adjuvants with methotrexate, the pros, and cons of NRF2 activation as adjunctive therapy, glucocorticoids, bioactive molecules, combination therapy, gene therapy, and other therapies. Each approach presents unique advantages and challenges, reflecting the complexity of RA and the need for personalized treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ongoing research and clinical trials are crucial for assessing the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of these novel therapies. By overcoming the limitations of conventional treatments and tailoring treatment approaches to individual patients, these innovative therapies have the potential to enhance the quality of life for RA patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143051587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection Screening and Vaccination of Adult and Pediatric Patients with Autoimmune Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases: An Emirati Delphi Consensus.","authors":"Ahlam Almarzooqi, Jehad Abdalla, Mohamed Sharif Elsadeg, Noura Zamani, Amel Abdel Gadir Ginawi, Zaid Alrawi, Rajaie Namas, Afra Aldhaheri, Ahmed Zayat, Faisal Elbadawi, Layla ALDabal, Najla Aljaberi, Shazia Abdullah, Suad Hannawi, Khalid A Alnaqbi, Fatima Al Dhaheri, Beena Hameed, Jamal Al-Saleh","doi":"10.2174/0115733971368196250117105119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971368196250117105119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients with autoimmune and inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD) have an increased susceptibility to infections due to their compromised immune systems and the use of immunosuppressive therapies. Infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients, emphasizing the need for strategies such as infection control and vaccination to prevent avoidable harm to both patients and healthcare workers. This study aims to provide expert consensus on infection screening and vaccination guidelines for AIIRD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A task force of experts from the United Arab Emirates developed a set of statements based on available evidence and expert opinion. The consensus was structured into two main categories: infection screening (9 statements with 23 sub-statements) and vaccination (7 statements).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The infection screening consensus covered nine key areas: tuberculosis (TB) screening (I.1), methods and periodicity of TB screening (I.2), strategies for managing positive IGRA test results (I.3), and infection control for hepatitis B (I.4), hepatitis C (I.5), HIV (I.6), varicella-zoster virus (I.7), and Pneumocystis jirovecii (I.8). The vaccination consensus included recommendations on general vaccination principles (V.0) and specific vaccinations for influenza (V.1), pneumococcal disease (V.2), human papillomavirus (HPV) (V.3), varicella-zoster virus (V.4), tetanus (V.5), and COVID-19 (V.6). Delphi voting showed strong consensus among the task force experts, validating their relevance and applicability for clinicians managing AIIRD patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This Emirati consensus provides up-to-date guidance and recommendations for clinicians to enhance the care and safety of AIIRD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143022556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Causal Effects of Lifestyle Factors on Osteoarthritis: A Two-sample Mendelian Randomisation Study.","authors":"Justin Ho, Christopher Chi Hang Mak, Lawrence Chun Man Lau, Kendrick To, Wasim Khan","doi":"10.2174/0115733971335445241203054553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971335445241203054553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Modern sedentary lifestyles are prevalent among individuals with osteoarthritis. However, direct evidence linking such behaviours as causative factors of osteoarthritis remain limited due to the presence of confounding variables.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to determine the extent to which lifestyle factors have causal effects on osteoarthritis through a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Exposure-outcome relationships were evaluated using inverse variance weighted twosample MR and summary statistics of genome-wide association studies of lifestyle factors and osteoarthritis. Weighted median, MR-PRESSO, and MR-Egger regression were used as sensitivity analyses. We obtained causality estimates, 95% confidence intervals (CI), and P-values from each MR method. Steiger filtering and radial filtering were used to exclude SNPs demonstrating reverse causality and significant heterogeneity, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MR analyses demonstrated that certain lifestyle factors had causal effects on osteoarthritis, particularly insomnia (OR 1.09 (0.387-1.79), P = 0.0024), BMI (OR 6.45 (4.48-8.42), P = 1.38e-10) and protein intake (OR 2.94 (0.361-5.52), P = 0.026). Effects were consistent across sensitivity analyses using median-based MR methods. ZNF131 & SEMA3F, and potentially RWDD2B & USP8 are genetic loci identified to mediate these causal effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results illustrate that lifetime exposure to certain lifestyle factors has causal effects on osteoarthritis. Further studies are required to determine the efficacy of lifestyle-based interventions in reducing the population-wide disease burden of osteoarthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Multi-Omics Methods to Understand Gouty Arthritis.","authors":"Siming Gao, Hui Song","doi":"10.2174/0115733971329652241119060025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971329652241119060025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gouty arthritis is a common arthritic disease caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the joints and the tissues around it. The main pathogenesis of gout is the inflammation caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals. Omics studies help us evaluate global changes in gout during recent years, but most studies used only a single omics approach to illustrate the mechanisms of gout. In this review, we review the genomics, transcriptomics, epigenetics, proteomics, and metabolomics of gout, observing that different genes, DNA methylation, miRNAs, LncRNAs, circRNAs, proteins, and metabolites are found between hyperuricemia, acute gout arthritis, and chronic gout arthritis, and some of them are associated with disease activity, prognosis or treatment, which help us broaden our understanding of the pathogenesis and provide important clues for valuable biomarkers. To our knowledge, this is the first study that combines all omics studies from genomics to metabolomics and may serve as a reference for future studies to identify the key underlying pathways in gout.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Multidrug Resistance 1 Gene Variants on Response to Intravenous Methylprednisolone Pulse in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: Preliminary Results.","authors":"Doaa H S Attia, Dalia Ahmed Hamza Dorgham, Ahmed Amin Al Maghraby, Manal B Abdelrazik, Dina Aly Ezzat","doi":"10.2174/0115733971345970241107114732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971345970241107114732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objectives: </strong>Genetic variations could explain individual responses to drugs. This case-control study aimed to investigate the association between the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene exonic single nucleotide variants (SNVs), rs1128503/C1236T and rs1045642/C3435T, and the response to intravenous methylprednisolone in Egyptian patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used. Patients were divided into responders and resistant based on the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). The degree of improvement was determined according to a 7-point Likert scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 80 patients: 40 patients with renal flares and 40 patients with extrarenal flares. In patients with extrarenal flares, 71.4% of responders had the CT+TT model of the C1236T variant versus 36.8% of resistant patients (p = 0.028); the T allele was detected in 47.6% of responders versus 23.7% of resistant patients (p = 0.026). Patients with the TT and CT genotypes, TT+CT model, and T allele of the C1236T variant had significant improvement based on the Likert scale compared with the CC genotype, CC model and C allele (p = 0.049, 0.038, 0.010 and <0.001, respectively). In the renal subgroup, patients with the CC genotype and C allele of the C3435T variant had significant improvement based on the Likert scale compared with the CT genotype and T allele (p = 0.028 and 0.046, respectively). Patients with the CC model had significantly lower post-treatment proteinuria compared with the TT+CT model (p = 0.024).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MDR1 C1236T variant allele and C3435T wild allele seem to enhance the response to glucocorticoids in Egyptian patients with active SLE.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clodronate: The Influence on ATP Purinergic Signaling.","authors":"Sergio Rosini, Stefano Rosini, Gianantonio Saviola, Luigi Molfetta","doi":"10.2174/0115733971358895241216112008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971358895241216112008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ATP is involved in numerous physiological functions, such as neurotransmission, modulation, and secretion, as well as in cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. While ATP serves an essential intracellular role as a source of energy, it behaves differently in the extracellular environment, where it acts as a signaling molecule capable of activating specific purinergic receptors (P2YRs and P2XRs) that modulate the response to ATP. Extracellular ATP signaling is a dynamic area of research, with particular interest in ATP's effects on inflammatory conditions and pain modulation. Clodronate differs from other bisphosphonates that contain an amino group in their structure (N-BPs), and it is metabolized within osteoclasts into a toxic ATP analog, AppCCl2p, which causes mitochondrial dysfunction and osteoclast apoptosis. This characteristic differentiates Clodronate from N-BPs, as the latter act by interfering with the mevalonate pathway. Clodronate has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity in various bone and musculoskeletal diseases through mechanisms involving macrophages, neutrophils, peripheral nociceptors, and the central nervous system. ATP produced inside cells is accumulated within transport vesicles, where it penetrates via a VNUT channel and is then released extracellularly, playing an active role in acute and chronic inflammatory processes, neurotransmission of pain, and liver disease regulation. Clodronate influences these processes due to its strong inhibitory effect on VNUT-mediated ATP release. The aim of this review is to highlight the therapeutic potential offered by appropriate modulation of cellular ATP release and the inhibitory effects of Clodronate on the channel through which ATP penetrates transport vesicles.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}