Current rheumatology reviews最新文献

{"title":"Clinicodemographic Data of Patients with Behçet's Disease: Data from a Tertiary Center in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Yasser Bawazir, Mohammad Mustafa","doi":"10.2174/0115733971359862250603040950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971359862250603040950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory vasculitis involving the arteries and veins. This study was driven by the rarity, chronic multisystemic nature, and heterogeneous spectrum of clinical features and geographical distribution. This study aimed to analyze the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with BD at the King Abdulaziz University Hospital and identify the association between clinical and laboratory findings and disease severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was a retrospective core chart review. This study included adult patients who visited the rheumatology clinic of King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Saudi Arabia between 2005 and 2023. The inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years and a diagnosis of Behçet's disease (BD) based on either the International Criteria for Behçet's Disease or the International Study Group classification criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 81 patients with BD with almost equal male (51.9%) and female (48.1%) distribution, 75.3% Saudi nationals, mean onset age of 38.48 years, and mean body mass index of 27.57 kg/m2 were identified. The most common clinical manifestations were oral ulcerations (56.8%), genital ulcerations (37%), uveitis (24.7%), arthritis (22.2%), skin lesions (13.6%), and deep vein thrombosis (9.88%). Significant differences in high-density lipoprotein, hemoglobin, Creactive protein, and albumin levels were associated with the age, sex, and nationality of the patients, respectively. Similarly, body mass index was significantly associated with C-reactive protein (p = 0.004), alanine aminotransferase (p = 0.023), aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.003), and gamma-glutamyl aminotransferase (p = 0.034) levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated that there are significant associations between demographic factors, laboratory parameters, and BD activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Nanocarrier-Mediated Drug Delivery in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Treatment.","authors":"Shivani Pannu, Rahul Pal, Inderjeet Verma","doi":"10.2174/0115733971345399250529170645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971345399250529170645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that leads to severe joint damage, persistent inflammation, and an increase in synovial tissue. While existing treatment modalities such as corticosteroids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can alleviate symptoms, they frequently come with systemic side effects and do not always achieve satisfactory disease remission. Moreover, the broad distribution of these medications can result in off-target toxicity and inadequate drug levels at the affected joints. This study aims to explore the therapeutic capabilities of drug delivery systems (DDs) utilizing nanocarriers for RA management. The focus is on evaluating how these nanocarriers can facilitate targeted, efficient, and safer drug delivery by concentrating on inflamed joint tissues, minimizing systemic toxicity, and enhancing drug uptake at the disease site. This review analyzes various nanocarrier types, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), dendrimers, micelles, and hybrid systems. A review of over 100 original research articles on RA treatment was conducted, drawing from platforms such as Google Scholar, ResearchGate, official websites, and raw data. The application of nanocarriers in RA therapy has demonstrated considerable potential in enhancing the precision and effectiveness of drug delivery. By enabling higher concentrations of medication directly at the inflammation site, nanocarrier-mediated drug delivery systems can mitigate systemic side effects and improve therapeutic outcomes. These systems present a promising approach to overcoming the limitations of current RA treatments, offering more targeted, efficient, and safer therapeutic alternatives. Nonetheless, additional research and development are essential to fully harness the capabilities of nanocarrier systems in RA treatment and to refine their clinical implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Relationship between Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Quality of Life of Agricultural Workers.","authors":"Reza Faryabi, Shima Groohi-Sardou, Rasoul Raesi, Kiavash Hushmandi, Salman Daneshi, Habibe Vaziri Nasab, Fatemeh Bagher Barahouei, Esmaeil Barkhori Mehni","doi":"10.2174/0115733971355486250528163102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971355486250528163102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Repetitive and heavy physical activities by agricultural workers can lead to the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and affect the quality of life of these individuals.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted using cluster and convenience sampling on 259 agricultural workers employed in greenhouses in the City of Jiroft in southeastern Iran in the year 2024. Data were collected using the standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and quality of life questionnaire, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean, standard deviation, range, frequency, and percentage frequency. Independent t-test and regression were employed in SPSS-16 software at a significance level of 0.05 (p ≤ 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 259 people studied, 120 (46.3%) had a low level and 139 (53.7%) had an average level of quality of life. The level of quality of life has a significant relationship with musculoskeletal disorders, occupation, and underlying disease. Based on this, people who do not have musculoskeletal problems have 2.84 times the chance of having a better quality of life than people who have these problems (95% CI 1.64, 4.94, p < 0.001). Additionally, greenhouse workers have a higher quality of life 2.21 times more than horticulture workers (95% CI 1.41, 4.15, p = 0.001). Furthermore, people without underlying disease have a higher quality of life 2.35 times than those with disease (95% CI 1.26, 4.39, p = 0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The quality of life of agricultural workers is low and moderate, and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in workers has decreased the quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncommon Presentation of Giant Tophaceous Gout in the Hand: A Case Report.","authors":"Hassan Zmerly, Ibrahim Akkawi, Damiano Alfio Ruinato, Manuela Moscato, Maurizio Draghetti, Francesco Pegreffi","doi":"10.2174/0115733971374467250522093438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971374467250522093438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tophaceous gout masses are characterized by the accumulation of monosodium urate crystals in peripheral joints and soft tissues. The most commonly involved areas are the metatarsophalangeal and knee joints. Finger/hand localization is uncommon. If not correctly treated, a finger tophaceous mass can grow and, in rare cases, reach an abnormally large size, termed \"giant.\"</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of our study is to present a rare case of a large tophaceous mass of the hand, localized in the fourth finger, and to highlight the role of surgical excision combined with a multidisciplinary team approach.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We present a rare case of an 82-year-old woman affected by giant tophaceous gout in the left hand, localized to the extensor region of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the fourth finger. Clinical evaluation, MRI, and ultrasound imaging showed a 35 x 30 mm nodule in the soft tissue. The lesion was successfully treated by mass excision and debridement of the extensor tendon. Histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of tophaceous gout. Post-operatively, a combination of medical and nutritional therapy was given. At a 3-year follow-up, the patient was free of symptoms with no evidence of disease in the fourth finger.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Management of giant tophaceous gout in hand necessitates extensive mass excision combined with pharmacological therapy, dietary adjustments, and lifestyle modifications. Effective treatment of such cases requires a multidisciplinary team approach to address the complexity of the condition comprehensively.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing Climate-Adaptive Strategies to Mitigate the Burden of Rheumatic Diseases.","authors":"Saurabh RamBihariLal Shrivastava, Prateek Sudhakar Bobhate","doi":"10.2174/0115733971398448250521034847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971398448250521034847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change has been acknowledged as a major global public health concern that has influenced the general population. The reported changes in climate have been identified as a common risk factor in the development of rheumatic diseases in multiple ways. Extreme weather events can interfere with timely access to healthcare services, supply chain management of drugs and equipment, and the provision of rehabilitation services, which altogether can worsen the management of different rheumatic diseases. Acknowledging the impending changes in climate and their potential impact on the occurrence and progression of different rheumatic diseases, there is an immense need to implement targeted public health measures. In conclusion, climate change can influence the development and progression of existing rheumatic diseases in multiple ways. This calls for the need to design climate adaptation policies and implement targeted public health interventions to improve resilience to climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral Periorbital Erythema and Swelling as an Initial Presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Rare Case.","authors":"Jitendra Singh, Anju Dinkar, Nilesh Kumar, Kailash Kumar, Isha Atam","doi":"10.2174/0115733971381153250418075039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971381153250418075039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by multisystem involvement due to autoantibody production and immune complex deposition. While classical cutaneous manifestations, such as malar rash, are common, atypical presentations, like periorbital erythema and swelling, are rare and pose diagnostic challenges. Early recognition is crucial to prevent disease progression and complications.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 16-year-old girl presented with a three-month history of intermittent bilateral periorbital swelling. Clinical examination revealed pallor and localized alopecia with no significant systemic abnormalities. Laboratory investigations showed pancytopenia with normal renal, hepatic, and thyroid functions and unremarkable urinalysis, chest X-ray, and ECG. Autoimmune markers were positive, with a strongly positive ANA titer of 1:1000 and significantly elevated anti- dsDNA antibodies of 380 IU/mL (reference range: 0-200 IU/mL). According to the 2019 EULAR/ ACR classification criteria, a diagnosis of SLE was established. The patient was treated with pulse intravenous methylprednisolone (1g daily for three days), followed by oral prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day), in a tapering regimen and hydroxychloroquine at standard doses. She showed marked improvement, with resolution of periorbital swelling, recovery of pancytopenia, and hair regrowth. At two-month follow-up, she remained asymptomatic and continued hydroxychloroquine for maintenance therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case underscores the importance of considering SLE in patients with atypical presentations, like periorbital erythema and pancytopenia. Early diagnosis based on clinical and serological findings, followed by appropriate therapy, can achieve remission and prevent complications. The case highlights the need for heightened clinical suspicion and multidisciplinary management in young patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Synovitis and Latent Transcription Factors in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis.","authors":"Lavkush Tiwari, Nitu Nigam, Amod Kumar Sachan, Urmila Dhakad, Puneet Kumar, Chandana Venkateshwara Rao, Shubha Shukla","doi":"10.2174/0115733971346656250403051144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971346656250403051144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects synovial membranes, leading to relentless progressive joint damage. This pathological process is regulated by transcription factors, such as NF-κB, STAT3, TGF-β, WNT, p38 MAPK, mTOR, AP-1, TLR-4, SOCS-4, YY-1, IRF, and FGF-20, which enhance the production of matrix-degrading enzymes and proinflammatory cytokines. Dysregulation of these transcription factors amplifies inflammation and accelerates joint damage, making them potential therapeutic targets.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this review was to summarize the role of transcription factors in RA and the onset of synovitis and identify potential therapeutic targets to mitigate joint damage.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A comprehensive search of electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) was conducted. Additionally, searches of government health ministries and websites were performed to retrieve relevant information. Records available until March 12, 2024, were considered. Screening (primary and secondary) of the records and data extraction from eligible studies were carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Synovitis sustains a proinflammatory environment mediated by dysregulated transcription factors, as mentioned earlier. These transcription factors promote the production of inflammatory cytokines and matrix-degrading enzymes, leading to progressive joint destruction. Therefore, targeting these transcription factors or their upstream regulators may offer promising therapeutic interventions for RA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The pathogenesis of RA centers on transcription factors responsible for the inflammatory and destructive processes in synovitis. These molecules are ideal targets for developing novel treatments. Further elucidation of their complex molecular interactions and advancements in personalized therapies for RA patients is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nasal Chondrocytes Intensively Invade and Repair Pathologically Altered Cartilage Through Intrinsic Genomic Mechanisms: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Victoria A Shestakova, Ekaterina I Smirnova, Longfeng Rao, Ilya V Kolobaev, Dmitry A Atiakshin, Michael A Ignatyuk, Mikhail E Krasheninnikov, Bagavdin G Ahmedov, Sergey A Ivanov, Ilya D Klabukov, Peter V V Shegay, Andrey D Kaprin, Denis S Baranovskii","doi":"10.2174/0115733971359145250329194434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971359145250329194434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Articular cartilage, a crucial component of joint structure, ensures smooth articulation and efficient load distribution within the joint. However, its integrity is compromised in various pathological conditions, such as osteoarthritis, leading to significant alterations in its structure and function. This process was significantly correlated with Extracellular Matrix (ECM) degradation, loss of collagen type II, and increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-13. The ability of chondrocytes to invade into the ECM in pathologically altered tissue leads to cartilage repair and regeneration, and becomes the basis of chondrocyte cell therapy. Furthermore, the altered mechanical properties of the ECM in diseased cartilage, alongside the upregulation of chemotactic factors, contribute to the enhanced migratory behavior of chondrocytes. Interestingly, chondrocytes invading the ECM displayed signs of phenotypic changes, such as increased proliferation and expression of markers associated with chondrocytes' intrinsic genetic properties. The invasion of chondrocytes into the ECM is a response to cartilage damage, possibly driven by an attempt to repair the degraded ECM, and varies in chondrocytes from different sources, i.e., articular cartilage or nasal septum. Nasal chondrocytes highlight the increase of ACAN, SOX9, N-cadherin, COL2A expression and decrease of IL1B, CXCL8, and MMPs gene family expression, which could relate to their unique phenotype properties. However, this response may paradoxically contribute to the progression of cartilage pathology by disrupting the tissue architecture and promoting further degeneration. Our review highlights the endogenous genetic properties of nasal chondrocytes to invade and repair damaged cartilage, offering promising avenues for cartilage repair and regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual Screening Approaches Towards the Discovery of Toll-like Receptor 7 (TLR7) Antagonists for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis During COVID Infection.","authors":"Thangavelu Prabha, Saravanan Thangavelu, Dakshinesh Parameswaran, M K Kathiravan, Hemalatha Selvaraj, Chaitanya M V N L, S Sri Bhuvaneswari, Jubie Selvaraj","doi":"10.2174/0115733971351438250220063238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971351438250220063238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) patients prompt to have high level of TLR7, when coronavirus (CoV-2) infect to these patients, further the level of TLR7 cloud be upregulated and leads to severe condition of RA. Since, some TLR7 antagonists targeting the TLR7 protein are in the clinical trials, but yet to reach the market, and many lead to serious toxicities.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>So, we have framed a hypothesis to discover the TLR7 antagonist that may inhibit to the upregulation of TLR 7 in RA patients during the CoV-2infection via virtual screening meth-odology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here we have focused to discover some novel TLR7 inhibitors from the ZINC data-base,which may effectively inhibit TLR7. Series of virtual screening analysis lead to the discov-ery of three active hits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among these three molecules, ZINC95412580 had a highest binding energy of -15.4273 kcal/mol against the TLR7 protein (PDB Id: 6LW1) that also showed the maximum interactions within the binding pocket.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thus, the compounds discovered through the use of various software can possibly be used for the management of rheumatoid arthritis during and after COVID infection. Hence, we can conclude that these molecules might be served as the inhibitors of TLR7 upregulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Frequency of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Nerve Entrapment Syndromes Around the Shoulder in a Cohort of Egyptian Patients.","authors":"Dalia Salah Saif, Suzan Omar, Aya Hanafy Ibrahiem, Mohamed Abdelaziz Fayed, Yousra Hisham Abdel Fattah","doi":"10.2174/0115733971338169250327074446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971338169250327074446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Shoulder pain is a common musculoskeletal (MSK) disorder. However, proper diagnosis of shoulder dysfunction and causes of pain remains challenging.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study is to identify the frequency of musculoskeletal and neurological disorders among a cohort of Egyptian patients with chronic shoulder pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 patients with chronic shoulder pain. Clinical, imaging, and electrophysiology studies were conducted on each participant to assess the frequency of musculoskeletal and neurological causes of shoulder pain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The commonest causes of shoulder pain in the present study were musculoskeletal disorders, representing 94.2% of the whole cases, of which rotator cuff pathology was the commonest in 78.3%. Neurological disorders were found in 45.8%, of which suprascapular neuropathy was the commonest in 31.7%. At the same time, combined musculoskeletal and neurological disorders were found in 59.2% of cases. The frequency of musculoskeletal disorders was significantly associated with the duration of shoulder pain, as well as patients' occupation, specifically manual working. While the frequency of neurological disorders was significantly associated with shoulder pain duration, old age, sex, and patient's occupation (mainly manual working).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common causes of chronic shoulder pain, especially rotator cuff disorders. While suprascapular neuropathy is the most common neurological cause of chronic shoulder pain. The combination of musculoskeletal and neurological disorders together is also an important cause of shoulder pain in many cases, which may not be obvious and must be detected early to provide early and appropriate therapeutic intervention. Manual work is a risk factor for developing MSK and neuropathic shoulder disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}