Potential Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Saffron in Patients with Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint disorder with a significant global impact. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used for OA treatment but can have adverse effects. This study aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of saffron in patients with OA.

Methods: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was conducted in patients with OA aged 50 to 70 years. The intervention group received saffron tablets (containing 50 mg of saffron extract, administered orally once daily) for 12 weeks, while the control group received a matched placebo. Pain severity, physical activity, and levels of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha were assessed using validated measures and quantitative methods. NSAID treatment was monitored.

Results: The saffron group exhibited a significant decrease in IL-1β levels, indicating an anti-inflammatory effect. Both groups demonstrated improvements in pain severity and physical activity scores. However, the saffron group exhibited a significant reduction in NSAID use over time.

Discussion: This study suggests that saffron may be an effective and safe supplement for managing osteoarthritis by reducing inflammation, improving symptoms, and lowering NSAID use. These results support previous research on saffron's anti-inflammatory properties. However, limitations such as a small, mostly female sample, high dropout in the control group, and self-reported adherence highlight the need for larger, more rigorous studies.

Conclusion: Saffron consumption may have potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in OA patients. Furthermore, saffron supplementation may reduce the need for NSAIDs, potentially minimizing associated complications. Further research is needed to explore the full benefits and mechanisms of saffron in OA management.

Clinical trial registration number: IRCT2016091029777N1.