Current rheumatology reviews最新文献

{"title":"The Gap in Knowledge about Tapering Targeted Therapy being used as Monotherapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Charis F Meng, Diviya A Rajesh, Deanna P Jannat-Khat, Bridget Jivanelli, Vivian Bykerk","doi":"10.2174/1573397119666230828160108","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573397119666230828160108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Up to 30% of patients with RA are being treated with biologic (b)-disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) as monotherapy. Monotherapy with Interleukin (IL)-6 inhibitors(i) and Janus-kinase (JAK)-i has been shown to be effective. Whether patients can taper targeted therapy (bDMARDs and JAK-i) used as monotherapy (targeted monotherapy) is unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the feasibility of tapering of targeted monotherapy in patients with controlled RA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a literature search in Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library for prospective studies reporting remission outcomes after tapering targeted monotherapy in RA patients, from 1/2014 - 8 /2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>5 randomized studies which met our inclusion criteria, evaluating tapering of monotherapy with tumor necrosis factor-inhibitors, tocilizumab, abatacept and baricitinib in RA. Studies were heterogeneous. Three trials studied early RA. Three studies gradually tapered therapy, including 1 dose reduction study. Three studies tapered both biological and conventional-synthetic (cs)-DMARDs. No study compared stopping targeted monotherapy to continuing it. Remission rates were low 14-28% across all studies that stopped targeted monotherapy. The highest remission rate of 72% was reported by the dose reduction study. Trials that studied early RA reported remission rates after tapering ranging 27-72%. Trials tapering therapy in established RA reported rates of remission from 14-20%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a crucial gap in published literature to inform on tapering targeted monotherapy in patients with RA. Stopping targeted monotherapy is unlikely to maintain disease control in RA. Dose reduction strategies and early treatment of disease may be associated with more successful tapering, and warrant future study.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":"46-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10485340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed Connective Tissue Disease: The Two Cases Representing the Range of this Illness.","authors":"Ashaq Hussain Parrey, Manzoor Koka, Mohd Ismail","doi":"10.2174/0115733971263972231124111042","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733971263972231124111042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is defined as a systemic rheumatic disease characterized by the presence of high titer anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein (U1 RNP) antibodies in combination with clinical features commonly seen in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and polymyositis (PM).</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>The annual incidence of MCTD is 1.9 per 100,000 adults. Any organ system can be involved in MCTD however four clinical features that suggest the presence of MCTD rather than another systemic rheumatic disease are Raynaud phenomenon with swollen hands or puffy fingers, absence of severe kidney disease and central nervous system (CNS) disease at first presentation generally, insidious onset of pulmonary hypertension and presence of autoantibodies anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein (U1 RNP), especially antibodies to the 68 kD protein. MCTD, although initially thought to be a disease with a benign course is not considered a valid argument at present. This connective tissue disorder can present with life-threating organ involvement with rapid progression of disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We report two cases of MCTD, one with mild disease and another with life-threatening illness, describing the range of severity at presentation of this disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":"569-573"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139680910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Correlation between Anti-drug Antibodies and Therapeutic Response in Tunisian Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Treated by TNF Blockers.","authors":"Selma Bouden, Lilia Laadhar, Jihene Soua, Meriam Ben Messaoud, Leila Rouached, Imene Ayadi, Olfa Saidane, Aicha Ben Tekaya, Ines Mahmoud, Sonia Rekik, Héla Sahli Srairi, Rawdha Tekaya, Syrine Bellakhal, Monia Fekih, Leila Abdelmoula, Maryem Kallel","doi":"10.2174/0115733971257151230919095431","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733971257151230919095431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) blockers such as infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA) had significantly changed the course of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritis (SpA) and Crohn's disease (CD). However, about 30% of patients do not respond to these treatments. This lack of response may be due to the formation of antibodies against these drugs (anti-drug antibodies: ADAbs). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ADAbs against IFX and ADA, and the trough serum concentration of IFX and ADA in RA, SpA or CD patients and to assess their impact on the therapeutic response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross sectional, multi-centric study was conducted, including patients with RA, SpA or CD treated with IFX or ADA as a first biotherapy for at least 6 months. ADAbs and trough levels were measured by an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>197 patients were included (57 RA, 73 SpA and 67 CD). ADAbs were positive in 40% of cases for IFX and 25% for ADA. They were positive in 40% of SpA, 35% of RA, and 21% of CD. The presence of ADAbs was inversely correlated to the trough levels of IFX and ADA during RA (p = 0.01 and p < 0.0001), SpA (p < 0.01 and p < 0.0001) and CD (p = 0.001 and p = 0.04). For all pathologies, the presence of ADAbs was not correlated with disease activity. Concomitant methotrexate significantly reduced immunogenicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our study, the presence of ADAb and low trough levels seem to not affect the therapeutic response in patients on TNF alpha antagonists. Other tracks more than immunogenicity should be investigated to explain the loss of response to these biotherapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":"435-443"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139680911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Expression and Potential Function of LncRNA in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis.","authors":"Xie Hong-Yuan, Tang Yi-Ping, Yi Ting, Liao Xia, Zhang Quan-Bo, Qing Yu-Feng, Dai Fei","doi":"10.2174/0115733971283982240118045203","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733971283982240118045203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease that has the characteristics of difficult early diagnosis and a high disability rate.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to further explore the possible mechanism and potential function of lncRNA in AS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used lncRNA microarray technology to detect the expression of lncRNA and mRNA in patients with active AS, stable patients, and healthy controls (HC). Afterward, bioinformatics analysis was conducted on differentially expressed genes. Seven differentially expressed lncRNAs were screened out for real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), combined with various clinical indicators for correlation analysis, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the potential of lncRNA as a diagnostic marker for AS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the expression levels of NR-037662 and ENST00000599316 in the AS subgroups were significantly higher than those in the HC group, while the expression levels of ENST00000577914 and ENST00000579003 were lower than those in the HC group. The expression levels of NR-003542 and ENST00000512051 in the ASA group were significantly higher than those in the ASS and HC groups, while NR-026756 was just the opposite. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that the expression level of NR-003542 was positively correlated with Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), and high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP). The expression level of NR-026756 was negatively correlated with the Bath Ankylosing Spine Inflammatory Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), BASFI, ESR, hsCRP, and globulin (GLOB). In addition, it was also found that the ROC curve analysis of the 4 lncRNAs between the AS group (ASA group and ASS group) and the HC group were statistically significant, and the area under the curve (AUC) of NR-037662, ENST00000599316, ENST00000577914, and ENST00000579003 was 0.804, 0.812, 0.706, and 0.698, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It was found that these differentially expressed lncRNAs of AS may be involved in the occurrence and development of the disease. Among them, NR-037662, ENST00000599316, ENST00000577914, and ENST00000579003 might have the potential to become AS diagnostic molecular markers. Moreover, NR -003542, ENST00000512051, and NR-026756 might have the potential to be indicators of disease activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":"544-554"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139706365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Medicinal Plants and Phytochemicals for the Management of Gout.","authors":"Mohammad Hosein Frazaei, Roghayeh Nouri, Reza Arefnezhad, Pardis Mohammadi Pour, Maryam Naseri, Shirin Assar","doi":"10.2174/0115733971268037230920072503","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733971268037230920072503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gout, characterized by elevated uric acid levels, is a common inflammatory joint disease associated with pain, joint swelling, and bone erosion. Existing treatments for gout often result in undesirable side effects, highlighting the need for new, safe, and cost-effective anti-gout drugs. Natural products, including medicinal plants and phytochemicals, have gained attention as potential sources of anti-gout compounds. In this review, we examined articles from 2000 to 2020 using PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on the effectiveness of medicinal plants and phyto-chemicals in managing gout. Our findings identified 14 plants and nine phytochemicals with anti-gout properties. Notably, <i>Teucrium polium, Prunus avium, Smilax riparia, Rhus coriaria, Foenic-ulum vulgare, Allium cepa, Camellia japonica</i>, and <i>Helianthus annuus</i> exhibited the highest xa-thine oxidase inhibitory activity, attributed to their unique natural bioactive compounds such as phenolics, tannins, coumarins, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Herbal plants and their phytochemicals have demonstrated promising effects in reducing serum urate and inhibiting xanthine. This review aims to report recent studies on plants/phytochemicals derived from herbs beneficial in gout and their different mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":"223-240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41194471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy as Regenerative Medicine in Knee Osteoarthritis: Pre-Experiment for Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 Evaluation.","authors":"Amandha Boy Timor Randita, Indrayuni Lukitra Wardhani, Andriati Andriati, Nurul Kusuma Wardani, Petrina Theda Philothra, Imam Subadi, Soenarnatalina Melaniani","doi":"10.2174/0115733971230928230919053949","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733971230928230919053949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is currently treated by regenerative therapies that aim to inhibit arthritic degeneration. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is one of the physical regenerative approaches used for KOA management. However, little is known regarding the impact of shock wave treatment on matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), which is one of the enzymes mediating cartilage degradation.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the effect of ESWT on MMP-3 levels and pain intensity in patients with KOA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen patients diagnosed with Kellgren Lawrence, grades 2 and 3 KOA were recruited for the study. ESWT piezo shockwave was applied once a week for six weeks. MMP-3 levels in the blood were measured pre-test, mid-test (three weeks after therapy) and post-test (one week after the last session) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The perceived pain was recorded at each session by the Wong Becker Face Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median pre-test, mid-test and post-test MMP-3 levels were 19.92 ng/mL, 15.89 ng/mL and 18.82 ng/mL, respectively, and there were significant differences between the pre-test and mid-test, and the pre-test and post-test values (p < 0.05). The pain scores also decreased significantly over the period of intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MMP-3 levels decreased significantly in KOA patients after ESWT, and the decline was most obvious after 3 weeks of therapy. Therefore, EWST should be considered as a suitable treatment option for KOA.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":"176-181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41123724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Rituximab on Refractory Organ Involvements in Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: A Systematic Review of Case Reports.","authors":"Hamed Hajishah, Mohammad Javad Amini, Amir Shayan Chadeganipour, Seyyed Amirhossein Salehi, Danial Kazemi","doi":"10.2174/0115733971263964231020072640","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733971263964231020072640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a type of Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) characterized by necrotizing vasculitis affecting small and medium-sized blood vessels. GPA affects various organs, with respiratory tract, vasculitis and glomerulonephritis being the most common triad. Remission induction and maintenance therapy for GPA traditionally involves corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide. However, treatment with rituximab, a monoclonal antibody that depletes B-cells involved in autoimmune disease, has been successful in inducing remission in several studies. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the efficacy of rituximab in treating various clinical manifestations of GPA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In adherence to PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, we carried out a comprehensive review to investigate the effectiveness of rituximab on particular organ involvement in GPA. We searched three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) up until November 6, 2022, for case reports on the topic. To ensure all relevant studies were included, we manually screened the first 50 pages of Google Scholar's search results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review identified a total of 64 case reports and a case series of 113 cases, highlighting the effectiveness of rituximab in treating refractory organ involvement in GPA. The review also analyzed the effectiveness of rituximab in treating ocular, CNS, cardiac, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, renal, and other organ involvements in GPA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results indicated that rituximab can be a promising therapy for treating specific clinical manifestations of several organ involvements. However, more research is needed to determine the long-term efficacy of rituximab in treating GPA.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":"270-283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71421575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Morphea Following Treatment with an ADA Biosimilar: A Case Report.","authors":"Aliki I Venetsanopoulou, Konstantina Mavridou, Eleftherios Pelechas, Paraskevi V Voulgari, Alexandros A Drosos","doi":"10.2174/0115733971266803231117072453","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733971266803231117072453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a pivotal cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of certain inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthropathies, and inflammatory bowel diseases. In the last two decades, TNFα inhibitors (TNFi) have revolutionized the treatment and outcome of the above disorders. However, the use of TNFi has been associated with the development of many autoimmune phenomena and paradoxical skin manifestations that may present as the same type of clinical indications for which the TNFi effectively used. Thus, they may display as arthritis, uveitis, colitis, psoriasis, and several other cutaneous clinical manifestations, among them the development of morphea, a localized scleroderma skin lesion.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We describe a 58-year-old woman with seronegative RA, refractory to methotrexate, who was treated with ABP-501 (Hefiya), an adalimumab (ADA) biosimilar and developed an oval-shaped, deep skin lesion of approximately 3.5cm in size, affecting the left part of her back compatible with morphea 3 months after the initiation of therapy. ADA biosimilar was discontinued and two months later, she had substantial skin improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first report of morphea manifestation during TNFi biosimilar since the patient had no other trigger factors for morphea development like trauma and infections. Physicians dealing with patients treated with TNFi biosimilars should be aware of paradoxical skin reactions, among them morphea; thus, close monitoring, a minute and careful clinical examination, and a follow- up check are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":"451-454"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139511988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe Acro-osteolysis Mimicking Arthritis Mutilans in a Patient with Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Case Report.","authors":"Tanya Sapundzhieva, Lyubomir Sapundzhiev, Kamen Klinkanov, Martin Mitev, Anastas Batalov","doi":"10.2174/0115733971273126231214063403","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733971273126231214063403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient with suspected secondary osteoporosis, and severe osteoporosis with multiple fractures is frequently the first clinical manifestation of the disease.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Mutilating arthritis (arthritis mutilans) can be part of the clinical presentation of a number of rheumatic diseases, most commonly seen in psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, but also in systemic lupus, systemic sclerosis, and multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. Evidence exists that subperiosteal and subchondral bone resorption, seen in PHPT, could induce the so-called 'osteogenic synovitis', which could eventually lead to the development of a secondary osteoarthritis with bone deformities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Here, we present a case report of a patient initially diagnosed with PHPT who presented with mutilating arthritis of the finger joints and discuss whether the severe acro-osteolysis is a manifestation of the endocrinopathy or whether there is a co-existing undiagnosed inflammatory joint disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":"574-585"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139680883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight into the Epidemiology of the Adult-onset Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases in Egypt: A Descriptive Study of 8690 Patients.","authors":"Doaa H S Attia, Eman R Mohamed, Ahmed Y Ismaeel, Yossra A Suliman, Nermeen H A Moneim, Rasha A Abdel Noor","doi":"10.2174/0115733971277833231226071516","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733971277833231226071516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objective: </strong>Although systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) seem to be ubiquitous, Africa and the Middle East seem to be a remarkable exception with scarcity of data compared with the developed countries. Furthermore, most of the studies addressed a particular disease. This work aimed to shed light on the relative frequency and epidemiology of the different adult-onset SARDs in Egypt.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective hospital-based study including six university hospitals providing free health care services: Cairo, Alexandria, Tanta, Suez Canal, Beni-Suef and Assiut University Hospitals. All available files for patients attending the outpatient clinics or admitted to the inpatient departments between January 2000 and December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Data about the patient's diagnosis, gender, age at disease onset, year of disease onset and residence were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 8690 patients. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Behçet's disease (BD) and spondyloarthropathies (SPA) represented the main SARDs in Egypt. They mainly affect young patients below the age of 40 years. RA and SLE mainly affect females; males are mainly affected by axial SPA and BD. There is an increasing incidence of SARDs during the study period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study revealed the high burden of SARDs in Egypt, helping better allocation of economic resources for the management of diseases of the highest prevalence and those affecting the young reproductive age groups. Increased public and medical staff awareness about SARDs is recommended to help early referral of patients to rheumatologists and, hence, better estimation of their epidemiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":"522-533"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139680909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}