Current rheumatology reviews最新文献

{"title":"Factors Associated with Axial Spondyloarthritis Remission in a Cohort of Saudi Patients with Longstanding Disease: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Abdulrahman Y Almansouri, Eman Alsindi, Ibraheem Almani, Mohmed Basalama, Suzan Attar, Sultana Abdulaziz","doi":"10.2174/0115733971326045241016070431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971326045241016070431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Earlier treatment in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) was proposed to alter disease prognosis in this often-challenging condition. We aimed to assess the proportion of patients and prognostic factors associated with axSpA remission.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim was to determine the number of patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score with C-reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP) of <2.1 (inactive/moderate disease activity). We also evaluated global functioning and health using the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society-Health Index (ASAS-HI).</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Patients with axSpA who were receiving targeted synthetic/biological disease- modifying anti-rheumatic drug (ts/bDMARDs) treatments and visited the rheumatology units at two tertiary-care centers between December 2021 and December 2022 were prospectively interviewed. Data regarding patient demographics, disease features, active and previous ts/bDMARDs treatments, and disease activity scores were obtained. Patients were assessed using the ASDAS- CRP, ASDAS-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ASDAS-ESR), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), and ASAS-HI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 60 patients with axSpA were included in this study (women, n = 35); 25 (41.7%) and 36 (62.1%) achieved an ASDAS-CRP of <2.1 and an ASAS-HI of ≤5 (good health), respectively. Out of the 60 patients, 75% (n = 45) were treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor. Factors associated with achieving the target ASDAS-CRP included age (p = 0.019), sex (p = 0.015), employment status (p = 0.015), education level (p = 0.030), and the number of previous ts/bDMARDs treatments (p = 0.019). Additionally, the ASDAS-CRP strongly correlated with spinal pain and moderately correlated with the ASAS-HI, BASDAI, and the number of previous ts/bDMARDs treatments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Remission was observed in 41.7% of patients, indicating a challenge in achieving target disease activity. However, 62.1% attained good health. Achieving remission was associated with younger age, male sex, a higher level of education, lower level of spinal pain, better global function by ASAS-HI, employment, and receiving their first ts/bDMARDs treatment. Our findings may potentially improve disease prognosis with the earlier use of ts/bDMARDs in those without favorable features by implementing an early axSpA intervention strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142496851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Factors of Central Sensitization in Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Rheumatic Disease.","authors":"Imane Berrichi, Fatima Zahrae Taik, Fouzia Haddani, Nabil Soba, Maryam Fourtassi, Fatima Ezzahra Abourazzak","doi":"10.2174/0115733971309885241011105213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971309885241011105213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Despite advances in the treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Rheumatic Disease (CIRD), pain remains a significant burden for patients and doctors. This study explored the prevalence and associated factors of central sensitization (CS) in patients with CIRD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study that included patients with CIRD followed at the University Hospital Center in Tangier. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. Nociceptive pain was assessed by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), disease activity by DAS-28 and ASDAS, and CS by the validated Moroccan version of the Central Sensitization Inventory part A (CSI-A). The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) was used to assess pain-related catastrophic thoughts, and the PHQ-9 (Pain Health Questionnaire) was used to determine the severity of depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 189 patients; 107 (56.61%) had rheumatoid arthritis. The median duration of evolution of CIRD was 8 years, and the mean age was 47.49 ± 13.70 years, and 75.7% were women. The mean pain VAS was 4.77+-2.76, and 37.6% of patients were in remission. The mean central sensitization score was 37.42+- 16.75, with 44.9% having a CSI score≥40. In univariate and multivariate analysis, our study showed that central sensitization is associated with pain severity (β = 1.945(0.050-1.916), p = 0.039) and depression (β = 1.790(1.221-2.154), p ≤0.001)(8). A statistically significant correlation was found between the CSI-A score and pain VAS (r = 0.32, p <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study showed that almost half of our patients with CIRD had CS. The main factors associated with CS in our patients were pain severity and depression. We also found a significant correlation between pain VAS and CSI.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Eosinophilic Fasciitis.","authors":"Georges El Hasbani, Ali Tarhini, Ali Sm Jawad, Imad Uthman","doi":"10.2174/0115733971324867241015063620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971324867241015063620","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-dose Omega-3 Alters Serum Magnesium and Calcium Levels and Affects Fibromyalgia Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Control Study.","authors":"Maha A Abdel Fattah, Shereen Morsi, Shaimaa A Fattah, Nermeen A Moneim, Marwa G Tawfik","doi":"10.2174/0115733971314334240930043717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971314334240930043717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a high oral dose of omega- 3 on serum magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) levels and their effects on clinical measures of pain threshold.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred twenty patients were recruited and randomized 1:1 to omega-3 or placebo and blinded to their treatment group. At baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment, the Widespread Pain Index (WPI), the Symptom Severity Scale (SSS), the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the FM Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) were completed. In addition, serum was taken for Ca and Mg analysis at the same time point.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The WPI, SSS, VAS, and FIQ scores improved significantly in the omega-3 group compared to the placebo group (P < 0.001). Serum Ca levels correlated negatively with WPI (r = - 0.308), SSS (r = -0.28), VAS (r = -0.311), and FIQ (r= -0.348) scores (P < 0.001) after 8 weeks of treatment. Serum Mg levels were negatively correlated with SSS (r = -0.212) and VAS (r = -0.231) scores after 8 weeks of treatment. The difference between serum Ca levels before and after 8 weeks of omega-3 treatment and serum Mg levels increased significantly compared to 8 weeks of placebo treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study showed that a high dose of omega-3 could have a positive effect on the relief of FM pain, which could be due to an increase in serum Mg and Ca levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of MicroRNAs and Stem cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Therapeutic and Diagnostic Approach.","authors":"Kholoud Elsamman, Mai Abdelgawad, Adel Gouri, Aya Hussein, Reham Hesham Mohammed, Rabab Mostafa, Shorouk Abdelhakiem Abdelmo'tie, Hoda Y Abdallah","doi":"10.2174/0115733971314468240920115357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971314468240920115357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In autoimmune illnesses like Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), the synovium is constantly inflamed, and joints are ruptured. It is becoming increasingly clear that stem cells, especially notably mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), play important roles in the onset and amelioration of RA. There is mounting evidence from both animal and human studies that suggests a potentially safe and effective method to treat RA and other intractable diseases by reducing chronic inflammation and spurring tissue regeneration through the transplantation of multipotent adult stem cells, such as mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. To control gene expression, which impacts immune cell differentiation and inflammatory pathways, microRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial, even though MSCs can self-renew and modify inflammatory reactions. The pathophysiology of RA is marked by the dysregulation of immunological responses and the proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes, which are linked to the aberrant expression of specific microRNAs (miRNAs). This study mainly aims to examine the therapeutic implications of these microRNAs (miRNAs) in relation to RA, as they can function as diagnostic and prognostic indicators. This study explores the functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) and stem cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), drawing attention to the relevance of these biological processes and the potential for creating novel therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142343440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Effects of Simultaneous Administration of Melatonin and Atorvastatin against High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Cultured Chondrocytes.","authors":"Saeed Mehrzadi, Majid Safa, Azam Hosseinzadeh","doi":"10.2174/0115733971311626240828181223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971311626240828181223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint disorder categorized into phenotypic subtypes, including those associated with age, traumatic events, and metabolic syndrome. In the aging population, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoarthritis (OA) frequently coexist. This can result in higher rates of disability and a greater financial burden. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of melatonin and atorvastatin together against oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by high glucose in C28I2 human chondrocytes.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>After being pretreated for 6 hours with melatonin (10 and 100 μM) and atorvastatin (0.01 and 0.1 μM), C28I2 cells were exposed to a high concentration of D-glucose (75 mM) for 72 hours. The impact of a high D-glucose concentration (75 mM), with or without melatonin and/or atorvastatin, on cell viability, intra-cellular ROS generation, lipid peroxidation level, antioxidant activities, and the expression of proteins, including Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3, was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Melatonin and atorvastatin combination effectively inhibited high glucose-induced cytotoxicity, ROS production, and MDA and mitochondrial membrane potential levels. The combination of melatonin and atorvastatin was more successful in reducing ROS production compared to each of the drugs alone. Melatonin, but not atorvastatin, reversed high glucose-induced alteration in the catalase activity. Furthermore, the combination of melatonin and atorvastatin significantly enhanced the ability of each medication to lower the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of melatonin and atorvastatin exerted greater protective effects against hyperglycemia-induced toxicity in chondrocytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142281849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TP53 Gene Polymorphism (Rs1042522) in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Hamidreza Ebrahimiyan, Elham Madreseh, Maryam Akhtari, Elham Farhadi, Ahmadreza Jamshidi, Mahdi Mahmoudi","doi":"10.2174/0115733971321702240829051809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971321702240829051809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The p53 protein has important roles in apoptosis, proliferation, and prevention of DNA damage. Several studies have reported that TP53 gene polymorphism is associated with various autoimmune diseases, including Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evaluation of the correlation between TP53 gene rs1042522 polymorphism and RA and SLE risk by meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Databases, including PubMed and Scopus, were searched to find studies assessing the association between TP53 gene polymorphism and RA and SLE risk in different populations up to August 2022. The protocol of this article was registered on the International Prospective Register Of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO number: CRD42022309655).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Herein, 7 case-control studies, including 2498 cases and 3799 controls in the SLE group, and 6 case-control studies comprising 1593 cases and 4460 controls in the RA group that investigated rs1042522 SNP were included in the meta-analysis. Herein, CG genotypes were more frequent in healthy participants compared to SLE patients and may associated with a decreased SLE risk (OR=0.85, CI: 0.76-0.95, P-value <0.006). Besides, dominant and recessive models of CC+ CG vs. GG were also protective for SLE risk (OR=0.85, CI: 0.76-0.95, P-value <0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, this study discloses a weak correlation between rs1042522 and a decreased risk of SLE. However, no significant association was found in RA.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142281851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteoarthritis: An Update on Diagnosis & Management.","authors":"Palak Jhangiani, Swidhi Jain, Kumari Neha, Sharad Wakode","doi":"10.2174/0115733971317490240830101915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971317490240830101915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint condition. It is a progressively degenerating disease that involves the entire joint, including the articular cartilage, subchondral bone, ligaments, capsule, synovial fluid, and periarticular muscles. Physicians understand that osteoarthritis is diagnosed late during the illness, which may be too late for patients to receive significant benefits from medications that change their condition. The goals of OA therapy are to preserve function while minimizing pain and stiffness. This article focuses on the current and potential treatments for osteoarthritis and various diagnostic methodologies for this disease. In the coming years, despite having numerous treatments for symptomatic relief, the treatment plan should be more specialized because everyone might experience improved outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142281850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is the Link between Lung Involvement and Anti-CCP Antibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Hind El-Kasmi, Taoufik Harzy, Nessrine Akasbi","doi":"10.2174/0115733971298865240812063200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971298865240812063200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), pulmonary involvement is one of the most frequent extra-articular manifestations. Several studies have demonstrated an association between RA-related lung disease and the positivity of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our aim is to describe the frequency of pulmonary involvement in the RA population and investigate the association between anti-CCP antibodies and diverse lung compartment involvement in RA patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, during which data were collected from the medical records of the patients with RA who had been tested for anti-CCP antibodies and had thoracic high resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) evaluation from January 2011 to March 2022. The univariate and multivariate analyses using logistic regression models was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 390 patients with RA were included, the mean age of patients was 58.99 ± 12.44 years, with a predominance of females (85.9%). Two hundred and fifty-two (64.6%) patients were positive for anti-CCP antibodies. The frequency of RA-related lung diseases was 14.4% (n=56). The different manifestations observed in the thoracic HRCT included Nodules (67.9%), Interstitial lung disease (ILD) (28.6%), bronchiectasis (25%), fibrosis (21.4%), obliterative bronchiolitis (7.1%), and pleuritis (1.8%). In univariate and multivariate analysis, pulmonary involvement was associated with positive anti-CCP antibodies with an odds ratio (OR) of 5.25 (95% CI: 2.17-12.70, p < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrated a positive association between anti-CCP antibodies and pulmonary involvement in RA and highlighted the importance of tight monitoring in RA patients with positive anti-CCP for pulmonary complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142281852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Presentation of Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis Associated with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.","authors":"Caroline Metyas, Joshua Donguk Lee, Jenny Ann Jun, Daniel G Arkfeld","doi":"10.2174/0115733971311273240824183333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733971311273240824183333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder that results in dry eyes and mouth. It is rarely associated with cryoglobulinemia, the agglutination of cryoglobulins at cold temperatures that leads to systemic inflammation and organ damage. We have, herein, presented a case of Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis (CryoVas), which presents as cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis and Central Nervous System (CNS) vasculitis and peripheral neuropathy.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 52-year-old woman with a past medical history of Sjögren's syndrome was admitted to the intensive care unit with severe hyponatremia, orthopnea, and progressive lower extremity weakness, and was found to have an intradural extramedullary hematoma with mass effect in the thoracic spine and diffuse hyperintense cord signal abnormality in thoracic spine suggestive of intermixed proteinaceous or hemorrhagic material. Further testing demonstrated that the patient experienced worsening neuropathy, proteinuria, hematuria, declining renal function, and the presence of cryoglobulins in the blood. After a thorough examination and a renal biopsy, the patient was diagnosed with cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis of the spine. The patient was treated with rituximab and pulse-dose steroids, with which the patient exhibited improved renal function and resolution of a previously seen intradural hematoma on repeat MRI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We have, herein, discussed a rare case of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis that has led to a rare CNS manifestation and concomitant cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis. This suggests that clinicians should consider cryoglobulinemic vasculitis as the etiology that could manifest with multiorgan involvement, especially in patients with underlying rheumatic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11188,"journal":{"name":"Current rheumatology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142307281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}