Dermatology最新文献

{"title":"Smoking Prevalence and Cessation in Skin Cancer Survivors.","authors":"Courtney A Smith, Andrew Cheng, Cam Escoffery, Howa Yeung","doi":"10.1159/000550995","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Smoking is associated with worse skin cancer outcomes, yet smoking cessation after skin cancer diagnosis remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to examine and compare prevalences of smoking and cessation among skin cancer and internal cancer survivors using nationally representative data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This survey-weighted analysis included 2003-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from adults (age 20+) with self-reported cancer history (skin cancers only or internal cancers only). Skin cancer survivors were categorized as those who had non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) only or any melanoma. Smoking cessation after first cancer diagnosis was the primary outcome, with smoking status confirmed using serum cotinine. Prevalence outcomes were age-standardized using the direct method and compared by cancer type using age-adjusted logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 3,711 cancer survivors, 1,098 (29.6%) had skin cancer exclusively. Age-standardized smoking prevalence at cancer diagnosis did not differ by cancer type and was 29.7% (22.8%-36.6%) among skin cancer survivors and 42.3% (37.9%-46.7%) among internal cancer survivors. Among those who smoked at diagnosis, age-standardized post-diagnosis cessation prevalences were low and did not differ between survivors of skin cancers and internal cancers, with 18.1% (12.5%-23.6%) for skin cancer survivors, 20.6% (10.7%-30.5%) for NMSC-only survivors, 11.9% (4.07%-19.6%) for melanoma survivors, and 18.7% (13.9%-23.4%) for internal cancer survivors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Smoking at skin cancer diagnosis was common with low cessation prevalence across all skin cancer types, highlighting opportunities for dermatologists and clinic staff to implement targeted smoking cessation interventions for skin cancer survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":11185,"journal":{"name":"Dermatology","volume":" ","pages":"280-283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146225768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin Barrier Compromise: A Central Early Event in Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Skin Pathogenesis.","authors":"Tian Wang, Siwen Lu, Lan Sun, Yuxin Cheng","doi":"10.1159/000551027","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a major environmental stressor to the epidermis. Increasing evidence indicates that barrier impairment is an early and central event that links DNA injury and oxidative injury with inflammatory, immune, and microbiome changes.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review synthesizes recent mechanistic advances in UVR-induced epidermal barrier injury and the resulting downstream responses. It evaluates emerging multifunctional photoprotection approaches that combine ultraviolet filters with biologically active components such as antioxidants and photolyase containing systems that may support the resolution of DNA lesions, and it highlights early microbiome conscious strategies alongside key evidence gaps.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>A barrier-centered framework can unify diverse mechanisms of UVR damage and inform more biologically grounded photoprotection. Clear barrier-related endpoints and stronger clinical evidence are needed to determine which adjunctive strategies provide meaningful benefit beyond traditional ultraviolet filtering.</p>","PeriodicalId":11185,"journal":{"name":"Dermatology","volume":" ","pages":"334-340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147347512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000551386","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article \"Incidence of Tattoo-Associated Melanoma in the Netherlands (1991-2023): A Nationwide Registry Study\" [Dermatology. 2026;242:58-67; https://doi.org/10.1159/000549503] by Karregat et al. was published with the wrong open access license. The correct license of the article is CC-BY.The original article has been updated.</p>","PeriodicalId":11185,"journal":{"name":"Dermatology","volume":" ","pages":"364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147638194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Jack of All Trades Is a Master of None: Comparing the Performance of GPT-4 Omni against Specialised Neural Networks in Identifying Malignant Dermatological Lesions from Smartphone Images and Structured Clinical Data.","authors":"Jiawen Deng, Heather Jianbo Zhao, Jaehyun Hwang, Aya Alsefaou, Eddie Guo, Kiyan Heybati, Myron Moskalyk","doi":"10.1159/000550153","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) can potentially assist in triaging suspicious skin lesions as malignant or benign. General-purpose multimodal large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4o, have not been rigorously evaluated for this task. This study assessed GPT-4o's ability to triage skin lesions and compared its performance to specialised neural networks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated GPT-4o using 1,000 random cases from the PAD-UFES-20 dataset with 50 repeated trials. GPT-4o was tested using clinical data-only, image-only, and multimodal inputs. GPT-4o's performance, consistency, and fairness across different demographic subgroups was evaluated. Its performance metrics were compared against specialised unimodal and multimodal neural networks trained on a separate subset of the PAD-UFES-20 dataset.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GPT-4o exhibited poor triage performance across all modalities, with average balanced accuracies of 0.571, 0.602, and 0.622 for clinical data, image, and multimodal inputs, respectively. Sensitivity was consistently high (>0.95) with the trade-off of very low specificity. Mean agreement rates were high (>0.90); however, Fleiss' κ indicated only moderate consistency due to a strong bias toward malignant classifications. Fairness evaluations showed poorer discriminative performance in younger patients compared to middle-aged and elderly patients but no notable differences between different sex and skin tone subgroups. Specialised neural networks significantly outperformed GPT-4o on most pairwise comparisons. Multimodal inputs significantly improved GPT-4o performance over unimodal inputs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although GPT-4o consistently triaged skin lesions with high sensitivity, its very low specificity limits clinical utility. Thus, general-purpose LLMs like GPT-4o are currently unsuitable for clinical dermatological diagnostics without significant field-specific developments and validation. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":11185,"journal":{"name":"Dermatology","volume":" ","pages":"225-234"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12875639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145780383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Clobetasol Propionate on Circulating Cortisol and Growth Velocity in Children with Atopic Dermatitis: A Modelling and Simulation Study.","authors":"Janna K Duong, Sven C van Dijkman, Gary P Y Ong, Alexandra Marta, Adriana Ceci, Ernesto Bonifazi, Oscar Della Pasqua","doi":"10.1159/000549781","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Children with atopic dermatitis (AD) appear to have higher skin permeation, which may increase the risk of systemic adverse events following administration of potent topical corticosteroids, such as clobetasol propionate (CP). However, the assessment of dermal absorption in a controlled clinical trial in children is not feasible. Using model-based approaches, this study aimed to characterise stratum corneum (SC) and systemic exposure to CP following topical application of the cream formulation and to investigate its effects on circulating cortisol levels and growth velocity (GV) in children with AD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling were utilised to describe the dermal absorption of CP in a virtual cohort of paediatric patients (1 to <18 years old). Based on a skin impairment model for lesional and non-lesional skin, CP concentrations in the SC and in plasma were described over time. Simulation scenarios were then implemented to evaluate the effect of varying treatment conditions on the systemic exposure to CP, circulating cortisol levels, and GV. Subsequently, clinical cases were simulated to illustrate typical cases of AD in the paediatric population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Surface area had the largest impact on local and systemic concentrations of CP, while body site and age had a minor effect. When comparing similar surface areas and site of application, the dose, dosing regimen (o.d. vs. b.i.d.), and occlusion had no clinically relevant effect on local and systemic exposure. Assuming a uniform application (1.2 mg/cm2), CP cream can be applied on up to 20% of the body surface area in children with AD over a period of 2 weeks. The short-term use of CP cream had no effect on the GV of children with AD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Surface area affected by AD should be considered when assessing the risk of systemic side effects. CP can be applied up to 20% of the body surface area of a child (>1-year-old) without clinically relevant changes to circulating cortisol levels. In contrast to the systemic effects of oral corticosteroids, the short-term use of CP has no impact the GV of paediatric subjects with AD. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":11185,"journal":{"name":"Dermatology","volume":" ","pages":"121-136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12818890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145741472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quadrant-Based Comparison of Ultraviolet-Fluorescence Dermoscopy, Standard Dermoscopy, and Clinical Examination in Adults with Nail Psoriasis: A Prospective Pilot Study of 35 Patients.","authors":"Gozde Simsek, Ismail Hakki Unal, Aslan Yurekli, Eda Karaismailoglu, Gulsen Akoglu","doi":"10.1159/000549051","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Accurate visualization of nail-matrix psoriasis remains challenging. Ultraviolet-fluorescence dermoscopy (UVF-D) may enhance detection, yet rigorous comparative data are scarce. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic yield of UVF-D with standard dermoscopy and naked-eye clinical examination for matrix and bed involvement in nail psoriasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this single-centre prospective pilot study (March-July 2024), 35 consecutive adults with plaque psoriasis underwent triplicate assessment (clinical, dermoscopy, UVF-D) of all fingernails. Each nail quadrant was scored for matrix-Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI) and bed-NAPSI by two blinded dermatologists in randomized order. The study was powered (80%, α = 0.05) to detect a ≥3-point mean difference in matrix-NAPSI between modalities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>UVF-D identified matrix involvement in 550/1,400 quadrants (39.3%) versus 448/1,400 (32.0%) with standard dermoscopy and 441/1,400 (31.5%) clinically (p < 0.001; Kendall's W = 0.42). Mean ± SD matrix-NAPSI scores were 15.7 ± 5.3 (UVF-D), 12.8 ± 5.2 (dermoscopy), and 12.6 ± 4.8 (clinical). Thus, UVF-D detected roughly one additional matrix-affected quadrant for every seven examined and produced a higher matrix-NAPSI, underscoring its added sensitivity over conventional methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>UVF-D significantly improves visualization of nail-matrix psoriasis versus standard approaches. Larger multicentre studies should validate its diagnostic and longitudinal utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":11185,"journal":{"name":"Dermatology","volume":" ","pages":"16-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145470794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"15-Year Experience of Patch Testing during Pregnancy: Retrospective Case-Control Study from a Tertiary Israeli Center.","authors":"Daniel Hilewitz, Akiva Trattner, Yehonatan Noyman, Igal Igor Radinsky, Nuriel Ben Simon, Eran Galili, Shany Sherman, Daniel Mimouni, Igor Snast","doi":"10.1159/000551449","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Although patch testing (PT) is not contraindicated during pregnancy, most dermatologists defer testing due to lack of data and possibility that immunological changes might influence outcomes. In our center, we routinely perform PT during pregnancy as it is not known to be teratogenic and may lead to significant improvements in quality of life. This study aimed to assess whether pregnancy alters the outcome of PT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective, single-center case-control study was conducted at a tertiary Israeli dermatology clinic (2009-2023). Women who gave birth within 40 weeks of PT were identified, and for each, three age-, year-, and atopic dermatitis-matched controls were selected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 3,351 women tested, 54 (1.6%) were pregnant at the time of PT. Most were tested during the first trimester (63%). No significant differences were found in the frequency of positive patch test reactions between pregnant women and matched controls. The most common allergens in pregnant patients were nickel sulfate (61.1%), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (13.64%), and fragrance mix II (5.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pregnancy does not appear to affect patch test outcomes in early and mid-gestation. Due to limited third-trimester representation, further studies are needed to determine whether reactivity remains consistent throughout all stages of pregnancy. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":11185,"journal":{"name":"Dermatology","volume":" ","pages":"365-371"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13171083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147442898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psoriasis Area and Severity Index Training via Virtual Reality Application: New Way of Effective Teaching.","authors":"Sascha Gerd Decker, Falk Ochsendorf, Michael Gairing, Sebastian Kühne, Anke Koenig, Bastian Schilling, Julia-Tatjana Maul, Andreas Pinter","doi":"10.1159/000552434","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Systemic treatment decisions for psoriasis are often initiated and guided depending on the severity of the disease, determined by the validated Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Therefore, accurate evaluation of disease severity is crucial. However, exact and reproducible PASI assessment requires training. A virtual reality (VR)-PASI program could improve empowerment of healthcare providers and grading accuracy. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a VR-PASI training program to standard PASI teaching.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomised prospective trial, a classical lecture and a VR program were compared in 70 medical students (study participants) without previous knowledge and training in skin assessment. Effectiveness of training was measured by determining a PASI score in real patients and comparing the results to those of a trained assessor. Furthermore, the rating of quality and satisfaction of both training methods was measured in both educational groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups were equally interested in dermatology, all study participants had little to no experience with PASI, and both groups had similarly little to no experience in dealing with VR. VR-trained PASI raters achieved better results assessing correct PASI severity compared to those trained via classical lecture (U = 397.5, p = 0.011). The effect size, calculated using Rosenthal's method, was R = 0.302 (moderate effect). Median difference of PASI score was 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3-2.4). Median difference scores of classical lecture group (PASI Δ: 2.7) was less accurate than in VR group (PASI Δ: 1.1), indicating a potentially clinically relevant effect for median difference (1.5 (95% CI: 0.3-2.4). VR group showed higher accuracy in the application of the PASI and reported both higher satisfaction with the learning unit and a better experience in implementing the teaching method.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In untrained raters, PASI training via the VR program led to higher accuracy in severity assessment compared to a classical lecture. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":11185,"journal":{"name":"Dermatology","volume":" ","pages":"574-580"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13354279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147986924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Features and Long-Term Outcomes in 109 Pediatric Generalized Pustular Psoriasis.","authors":"Jiaying Li, Zhaoyang Wang, Chaoyang Miao, Yunliu Chen, Xinrong Zhao, Xin Xiang, Zigang Xu","doi":"10.1159/000549611","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pediatric-onset generalized pustular psoriasis (PGPP) is a rare inflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent flares and challenging management. This study aimed to review the clinical features, flare patterns, and treatment options.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed PGPP patients diagnosed at Beijing Children's Hospital from 2006 to 2023 who had complete medical record. Data on clinical characteristics, flare numbers, and flare duration were collected through medical record and telephone survey. The flare frequency was calculated by dividing the flare numbers by the years in each age range. Flare duration was categorized as ≤4 weeks or >4 weeks. In addition, we investigated the factors associated with flare frequency in PGPP patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 109 patients with PGPP were included in the study, with a follow-up duration ranging from 1.90 to 22.80 years. The median age of onset was 6.00 years, with a higher prevalence in males (73, 66.97%). Most patients (55, 50.46%) experienced their first flare between the ages of 7 and 12 years. A total of 45 patients (41.28%) had history of psoriasis vulgaris, 16 (14.68%) had history of acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau, and 4 (3.67%) had history of psoriatic arthritis. Respiratory infection was the most common trigger, affecting 35 patients (32.11% of cases). The annual flare frequency was 0.68. The frequency and duration of flares showed a decreasing trend with increasing age. Earlier onset age is associated with a higher flare frequency. Before 2020, conventional therapies were most commonly used, with acitretin used in 67 patients (61.47%). Following 2020, secukinumab became the most often used medication (44 patients, 40.37%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PGPP exhibits a trend toward flare decrease with age, yet recurrence remains common. Earlier onset age may be associated with higher flare frequency. At present, biologic agents are the main treatment. These findings provide new insights into PGPP.</p>","PeriodicalId":11185,"journal":{"name":"Dermatology","volume":" ","pages":"78-85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145548616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Frequency Ultrasound Quantification of Endophytic Growth Pattern: A Potential Imaging Indicator for Grading Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Differentiation.","authors":"Dandan Shan, Nanhui Wu, Qiao Wang, Weiwei Ren, Yeqiang Liu, Lehang Guo, Liping Sun","doi":"10.1159/000549537","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer. While most tumors have a positive prognosis, poorly differentiated tumors increase the risk of negative outcomes. Few studies are available on noninvasive methods to determine the level of differentiation of cSCC before surgery. The objective of this study was to determine the degree of differentiation of cSCC using high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 117 lesions from 117 patients, of which 68 were well-differentiated, 30 were moderately differentiated, and 19 were poorly differentiated cSCC. We analyzed the clinical, appearance, histopathological, and HFUS characteristics of cSCC. The thickness characteristics measured by HFUS included the overall thickness of the tumor, the thickness of the tumor's endophytic part, and the proportion of endophytic thickness to the overall thickness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The three groups did not show significant differences in their clinical and appearance features (all p > 0.017). However, on HFUS, the lesion total thickness, endophytic proportion, and surface keratinization were the significant features for identifying poorly differentiated cSCC. While a single indicator is not as effective as the combination of all three (all p > 0.05), the diagnostic accuracy of any two or all three indicators together did not show significant differences (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HFUS can reveal internal morphological details of cSCC lesions, identifying poorly differentiated cSCC by analyzing total lesion thickness, endophytic proportion, and surface hyperkeratinization. Any two of these features can be as effective as using all three to diagnose poorly differentiated cSCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11185,"journal":{"name":"Dermatology","volume":" ","pages":"175-189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145539415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}