Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021最新文献

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Improved Acoustic Quick-Disconnect Technology for Mooring Operations 用于系泊作业的改进声学快速断开技术
Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021 Pub Date : 2021-08-09 DOI: 10.4043/31131-ms
Jonathan Kent Longridge, J. Shield, Sarah Finn, T. Fulton
{"title":"Improved Acoustic Quick-Disconnect Technology for Mooring Operations","authors":"Jonathan Kent Longridge, J. Shield, Sarah Finn, T. Fulton","doi":"10.4043/31131-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/31131-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 As the offshore oil and gas industry has changed, deep water Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODU) are commonly outfitted with dynamic positioning (DP) systems and on-vessel mooring equipment to facilitate drilling operations at ultra-deep and shallow water well locations. However, since many shallow water locations can experience harsh conditions and may require moorings for station-keeping performance, it is beneficial to enable a DP rig to quickly disconnect from its mooring system and avoid hazardous conditions without support vessel assistance. Providing this capability, acoustically releasable subsea mooring connectors allow a rig's mooring lines to be released remotely and almost immediately. Additionally, the ability to disconnect without Anchor Handler Vessel (AHV) assistance for mooring operations and rig transit support offers reduced risk and cost savings.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A brief review of existing quick-disconnect mooring devices will be presented. It will highlight how the technology has evolved and is being used, particularly in recent years. Successes, problems, and lessons learned from past InterMoor and SRP product development will be summarized and focused attention will be given to a significant number of more recent improvements to increase the product's reliability, availability, serviceability, and robustness. Improvements to ensure reliable long-term battery life and power supply, enhance on-vessel accessibility and user-friendliness for rig personnel, and employ advanced acoustic signal transmission, reception, and device status analytics will be discussed. External modifications to reinforce its robustness during deployment and internal electromechanical changes to facilitate its serviceability will also be described.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A substantially lighter and smaller acoustically releasable mooring connector was developed two years ago, tested thereafter, recently deployed on several offshore mooring campaigns, and has now been upgraded to incorporate high-fidelity electronics with the ability to release under tension loads as high as 900 tonnes. As such, this second-generation device's reliability, accessibility, and serviceability are significantly enhanced. Results from offshore deployments from recent MODU and barge mooring operations will be summarized. This technology provides a safer way to quickly disconnect mooring lines and offers cost efficiency by allowing faster rig moves from one location to the next with reduced risk.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The paper will cover the work, challenges, trials, and tribulations required to bring a new product to market with cutting edge capabilities. Novel highlights will include the integration of a networked data transmission and communication system, the system's fundamental change from pneumatic to electromechanical actuation, and additional enhancements and improvements that are unique to mooring quick-disconnect devices and at the forefront of subsea technology.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84784964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimized Completions Design Using Retrofit Autonomous Inflow Control Devices 利用改进型自动流入控制装置优化完井设计
Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021 Pub Date : 2021-08-09 DOI: 10.4043/31301-ms
E. Nnebocha, Akinola Akinbola, O. Kakayor, Adetayo Odutayo, Tunji Olukayode, Olawale Oguntayo, C. Onwuchekwa, A. Dikshit, A. Nkanga, Temitope Ilusemeti, Amrendra Kumar, Aleksander Rudic, O. Olagunju, Richmond Nduka Nwaokwu, Chidi Henry Ugboaja
{"title":"Optimized Completions Design Using Retrofit Autonomous Inflow Control Devices","authors":"E. Nnebocha, Akinola Akinbola, O. Kakayor, Adetayo Odutayo, Tunji Olukayode, Olawale Oguntayo, C. Onwuchekwa, A. Dikshit, A. Nkanga, Temitope Ilusemeti, Amrendra Kumar, Aleksander Rudic, O. Olagunju, Richmond Nduka Nwaokwu, Chidi Henry Ugboaja","doi":"10.4043/31301-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/31301-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Discovered in 1964, the Beta Field in the Niger Delta sedimentary basin consists of 25 stacked hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs located between 5,500 and 12,000 feet true vertical depth subsea (TVDSS). A total of 26 wells have been drilled in the field, of which 11 are presently on production. Oil production peaked at 8,900 stock-tank barrels per day shortly after field start-up and has been on the decline. More than 40 years since production start-up, the Beta Field remains a relatively immature, distinctly underdeveloped asset. Only about 59 million stock tank barrel (STB), or 8% of its estimated stock-tank oil initially in place of 740 million STB, had been produced by the end of 2017. Two horizontal wells were planned in the field to provide additional drainage points and increase field production. However, a production forecast of the planned wells showed potential early water breakthrough and high water cut because of unfavorable mobility ratios of a slightly viscous oil and proximity to oil/water contact (OWC). To mitigate the production challenges and improve the reservoir sweep, autonomous inflow control devices (AICDs) were selected to be installed on the sandface completion.\u0000 These wells were drilled and completed during the COVID-19 pandemic, bringing additional challenges in equipment availability and logistics with potential to derail the successful completion of these wells within the required timeline. An innovative retrofit screen design, leveraging detailed engineering design and remote collaboration, enabled the conversion of ICD sand control screens to cyclonic AICD screens.\u0000 AICD nozzle placement was optimized using a reservoir-centric workflow that integrates the full reservoir model with the sandface completion. Real-time interpretation of the data enabled computation of porosity-permeability and saturation estimates from logging-while-drilling (LWD) logs, which was then used in updating the reservoir model in near-real time. Using a segmented well modeling approach and a refined flow distribution from heel to toe, AICD nozzle placement was optimized in real time utilizing LWD measurements from open hole along the horizontal drain, aiding the design and configuration of the AICDs.\u0000 The Beta-7 and Beta-8 wells were successfully drilled, completed, and put on production. The horizontal drains were landed within 5 to 10 feet of the top of the reservoir, maintaining at least 20-ft distance from the OWC. The forecasted simulation showed possible water influx from the toe of the horizontal as opposed to the heel because of existing water leg and high permeability at the toe. This was supported by high water-cut production from that zone in the nearby wells. This insight from the full-field simulation model enabled an informed decision on the AICD design.","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88160125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Experimental Investigation of FPSO Roll Motion Response Coupled with Sloshing in a Pair of Two Row Cargo Tanks 浮式储油船(FPSO)双排油舱纵摇响应试验研究
Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021 Pub Date : 2021-08-09 DOI: 10.4043/31258-ms
J. Igbadumhe, M. Fürth, Jack Bonoli, J. Dzielski
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of FPSO Roll Motion Response Coupled with Sloshing in a Pair of Two Row Cargo Tanks","authors":"J. Igbadumhe, M. Fürth, Jack Bonoli, J. Dzielski","doi":"10.4043/31258-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/31258-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Floating Production Storage and Offloading Units (FPSOs) will continue to be in high demand because of their numerous advantages; such as, their ability to offer early production and operate in ultra-deep water locations, while remaining easy to relocate to meet changing needs. By design, slack cargo tanks are almost always present in FPSOs due to continuous loading and offloading operations; however, the presence of slack cargo impacts the seakeeping stability abilities of FPSOs. There are limited published experimental data on coupled sloshing with seakeeping of stationary vessels, and existing studies on this have focused on single row cargo tanks which is seldom the case in FPSOs. The aim of this paper is to study roll motion coupled with sloshing in partially-filled pair of two-row tanks of a stationary FPSO model exposed to regular beam waves. The model tests was performed in the Davidson Laboratory towing tank at Stevens Institute of Technology. The FPSO model response in roll was measured, and the time histories of sloshing oscillation were measured on the starboard and port side of one of the stern cargo tanks. The results show that varying internal cargo sloshing leads to unpredictable motion response of floating vessels that should be accounted for in the design and offloading operations of FPSO.","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85258213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Qualification of Wax Control System 蜡控制系统的鉴定
Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021 Pub Date : 2021-08-09 DOI: 10.4043/31303-ms
Øivind Stangeland, Sigbjørn Daasvatn, Y. Novoseltsev
{"title":"Qualification of Wax Control System","authors":"Øivind Stangeland, Sigbjørn Daasvatn, Y. Novoseltsev","doi":"10.4043/31303-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/31303-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A cold flow plant consists of a Water Management System (WMS) for separation and treatment of produced water, and a Wax Control System (WCS) for making solid wax particles that can travel through the long tieback line without further deposition on the pipe wall. Pre-conditioning to a level of 1-2% remaining water implies that avoidance of hydrate formation can be handled by reasonable volumes and traditional chemical methods.\u0000 The Wax Control System enable a temperature independent transport of oil dominated flows by continuous removal of deposited wax from the pipe wall, allowing the solid wax particles to travel with the flow in the export line without any risk of further deposition of wax along the export pipeline. The technical qualification work included design and operation of a Pigging Loop that allowed continuously removal / handling of wax within a bundled pipeline.","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90998225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Novel Experimental Method to Determine the Performance of Vacuum Insulated Tubing VIT for Deepwater Applications 确定深水真空绝缘油管VIT性能的新实验方法
Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021 Pub Date : 2021-08-09 DOI: 10.4043/31260-ms
I. Ceyhan, S. Vasantharajan, P. Suryanarayana, U. B. Sathuvalli, A. Helou, P. Barde
{"title":"Novel Experimental Method to Determine the Performance of Vacuum Insulated Tubing VIT for Deepwater Applications","authors":"I. Ceyhan, S. Vasantharajan, P. Suryanarayana, U. B. Sathuvalli, A. Helou, P. Barde","doi":"10.4043/31260-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/31260-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Vacuum insulated tubing (VIT) is a specialized tubular designed to minimize heat loss from production or injection fluids to the environment in oil, gas and geothermal wells. VIT strings are used in deepwater wells for flow assurance or to mitigate annular pressure buildup. VIT use requires accurate knowledge of its insulating performance. Although VIT performance can be estimated from analytical tools, such as finite element analysis (FEA), an experimental approach provides a more direct measurement and can be used to validate analytical tools. We have developed a new experimental method to address this need.\u0000 In this method, one or two VIT joints are placed in an ice-water bath. A precisely measured flow of heated air flows inside the VIT. The temperature change of the flowing air is measured between the inlet and outlet of the VIT test specimen. The insulating performance of the VIT is then calculated from this temperature difference using heat exchanger theory with effectiveness-number of transfer units (&#ξ03B5;-NTU) approach. A proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is used to control the air temperature at the VIT inlet by regulating power to the heater.\u0000 This paper illustrates the data reduction method and uncertainty analysis using sample test data. The method allows for rapid measurement of VIT performance at many different temperatures, with the air flow rate being used to optimize the test sensitivity and to reduce experimental uncertainty. As currently designed, the apparatus is able to test single- and double-joint VITs with effective body conductivities between 0.002-0.1 W/m/°C (0.001-0.06 Btu/hr/ft/°F) and temperatures up to 400°C (750°F); however, the design allows the apparatus to be modified easily for higher or lower conductivities.\u0000 Although designed for VIT, this method may be applied to other types of tubulars. Currently, there is no widely accepted standard method for experimental testing of VIT performance, and it is hoped that this new method may evolve to an industry standard.","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89137986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Minimising the Risk of Hydrogen Embrittlement HE and Hydrogen Assisted Stress Cracking HASC Within Steel Lifting Products Used in the Marine Environment 在海洋环境中使用的钢吊装产品中,氢脆和氢辅助应力开裂的风险最小化
Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021 Pub Date : 2021-08-09 DOI: 10.4043/31314-ms
Ben Burgess
{"title":"Minimising the Risk of Hydrogen Embrittlement HE and Hydrogen Assisted Stress Cracking HASC Within Steel Lifting Products Used in the Marine Environment","authors":"Ben Burgess","doi":"10.4043/31314-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/31314-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hydrogen Embrittlement (HE) and Hydrogen Assisted Stress Cracking (HASC) are processes that detrimentally affect certain steels. These processes are understood and well documented.\u0000 In recent years there has been an accumulation of product failures involving steel lifting components in the offshore industry. These failures have individually been investigated and confirmed as the result of Hydrogen Embrittlement (HE) and Hydrogen Assisted Stress Cracking (HASC).\u0000 There continues to be an assumption that steel lifting components that comply with international standards are suitable for use offshore, however the corrosive environment and effects of dynamic load amplification on lifting components in the offshore environment significantly increase their susceptibility to HE and HASC.\u0000 Our intention is to provide the offshore industry with technical guidance on the correct material selection in steel lifting components, over and above the requirements of international standards, to mitigate the risk of failure caused by Hydrogen Embrittlement (HE) and Hydrogen Assisted Stress Cracking (HASC).\u0000 Our research highlights that a high-grade steel's hardness and toughness is critical. The definition of toughness in metallurgy and lifting is the ability of the material to absorb energy and to plastically ‘deform’ without fracturing.","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80011903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Qualification of a New Multiphase Pump. the Setting of a New Standard 一种新型多相泵的鉴定。新标准的制定
Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021 Pub Date : 2021-08-09 DOI: 10.4043/30955-ms
A. Hofstad, Tarje Olderheim, M. Almgren, M. Rondon, E. Thibaut, Pierre-Jean Bibet
{"title":"Qualification of a New Multiphase Pump. the Setting of a New Standard","authors":"A. Hofstad, Tarje Olderheim, M. Almgren, M. Rondon, E. Thibaut, Pierre-Jean Bibet","doi":"10.4043/30955-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/30955-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The recent trend in the oil industry is to save CAPEX and exploit every offshore field to increase production and maximize reserves. Also, deeper water and longer step-out is a challenge for new fields. The most adapted technology to unlock these reserves is the use of subsea boosting like a multiphase pump on the seafloor. Subsea boosting has been used for decades with well proven results, but up to now, some limitations in power and lift pressure exist. This new multiphase pump development has increased the potential pressure generation manyfold from the typical ΔP of 50 bar (725 psi) at the beginning of the project.\u0000 Developing such a powerful two-phase pump driven by a liquid-filled motor requires a unique combination of expertise in machinery engineering, electrical engineering, fluid mechanics and rotor dynamics. The objective of the co-authors is to share this experience by bringing some insights on what it takes to develop, test, and qualify such specific product. Outlines of the methodology will be described, key results will be detailed, and lessons learnt will be presented.\u0000 The new design was fully tested first component-wise and then for a full-size prototype. A wide process envelope was mapped during the final qualification program with 3,000 points tested in the range 2,000-6,000 RPM and 0 - 100% GVF (Gas Volume Fraction). Qualification tests concluded with more than 2,000 cumulative hours.\u0000 The main challenges in this program were the development of an innovative multiphase impeller and the qualification of the first MPP (MultiPhase Pump) with a back-to-back configuration. Concerning the motor, the development includes a high speed 6,000 RPM, 6 MW liquid-filled induction motor and a new stator winding insulation cable.\u0000 With this new product, the pump market is ready to overcome challenges to produce deeper and further reservoirs in a constant evolutive oil and gas market.","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88341386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Feasibility of the Potential for Wave and Wind Energy Hybrid Farm to Supply Offshore Oil Platform in Gulf of Mexico 波浪和风能混合电厂为墨西哥湾海上石油平台供电的可行性
Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021 Pub Date : 2021-08-09 DOI: 10.4043/31124-ms
Chengcheng Gu, Hua Li, Francisco Haces-Fernandez
{"title":"Feasibility of the Potential for Wave and Wind Energy Hybrid Farm to Supply Offshore Oil Platform in Gulf of Mexico","authors":"Chengcheng Gu, Hua Li, Francisco Haces-Fernandez","doi":"10.4043/31124-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/31124-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Offshore oil and gas platforms use gas turbine with natural gas or fuel diesel for their high demand of power. Due to the declining amount of gas available, high carbon footprint, increasing cost of fuel and inefficient operating, alternative energy options are necessary and imminent. Most offshore oil and gas platforms locate in deep water surrounded by huge amount of energetic wave resources, hence, the feasibility of supplying offshore oil facilities electricity by hybrid wave and wind energy farms based on daily energy power production instead of annual average was conducted in this project. The hybrid energy farm was modeled and validated by applying meteorological data in Gulf of Mexico area from WaveWatch III system. With the hindcast wave and wind condition data from 1979 to 2019, daily energy generation of the hybrid energy farm was estimated. Meantime, the feasibility of suppling offshore oil and gas facilities by the proposed combined hybrid farm was assessed. The project optimized the configuration of the hybrid wave and wind energy farm to satisfy offshore oil and gas platform demands and reduce the variation of power generation, so that it may be feasibility to gradually substitute the gas turbines. Through matching the local wave and wind conditions, the project was able to maximize the power output while minimize the variation within limited ocean surface area. The project addressed the advantages of hybrid wave and wind devices, as well as theoretical prospection of wave harvesting device and wind turbine combination. To validate the proposed optimization model, a case study was explored by using Vesta V90 3MW wind turbines and Pelamis 750kW wave energy converters to supply five offshore platforms in more than 45 m deep water areas. The results indicated the possibility of bringing wave energy into large commercial operation and utilization with minor investment and environmental impact.","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89735752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Corrosion Experience with Low Carbon Steel R4 Grade Mooring Chain 低碳钢R4级锚链的腐蚀经验
Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021 Pub Date : 2021-08-09 DOI: 10.4043/31233-ms
Ø. Gabrielsen, T. Liengen, G. Rørvik, S. Molid, T. Stavang
{"title":"Corrosion Experience with Low Carbon Steel R4 Grade Mooring Chain","authors":"Ø. Gabrielsen, T. Liengen, G. Rørvik, S. Molid, T. Stavang","doi":"10.4043/31233-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/31233-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Equinor owns and operates a fleet of floating installations on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). As the installations are getting older, the importance of knowing the actual condition of the mooring systems has increased, and continuous mooring system integrity evaluation is important for the safekeeping of the assets. As a part of the mooring system integrity management, seabed chains have been replaced for condition evaluation, as in situ inspection techniques so far has not been able to determine the actual conditions of longer lengths of seabed chain. Thorough onshore inspection and full-scale fatigue and break load tests has been performed on retrieved chains, to map the actual condition and effect to integrity.\u0000 After retrieving seabed chains from approximately half of the floating installations, Equinor now has collected experience on chain degrading mechanisms and corrosion on different locations, water depths and different chain deliveries. The inspections have revealed several corrosion phenomena, where microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) due activity of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB), is observed to have a significant effect on fatigue capacity. An important finding is also that corrosion mechanisms and severity change along the seabed chains.\u0000 In the Equinor fleet mooring chain grade R4 has usually been used. In total four different vendors have supplied chains, but the vast majority is supplied by two vendors. One of the mooring chain vendors have supplied low carbon (LC) steel chains for the larger chain diameters (larger than 114mm). A significant difference in corrosion is found between the low carbon steel R4 grade chains and other chains. Differences are found both for general corrosion, light surface corrosion and MIC/SRB corrosion.\u0000 This paper presents and discusses findings on MIC/SRB for seabed chains, in connection with the type of steel used in the mooring chain, demonstrating limited corrosion on low carbon steel chains. Also, special corrosion phenomena found only on low carbon steel chain is presented. These are found to have no or limited effect to integrity of the chains.","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87833779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Model-Based System Metaheuristic Engineering MBSME Approach in the Conceptual Selection of Offshore Production Units 基于模型的系统元启发式工程MBSME方法在海上生产单元概念选择中的应用
Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021 Pub Date : 2021-08-09 DOI: 10.4043/31308-ms
L. Basilio, P. B. Machado, Débora Calaza de Sousa, R. Castro, D. R. Juliano, Pauline Santa Rosa Simões Drummond Boeira, M. Andreotti
{"title":"A Model-Based System Metaheuristic Engineering MBSME Approach in the Conceptual Selection of Offshore Production Units","authors":"L. Basilio, P. B. Machado, Débora Calaza de Sousa, R. Castro, D. R. Juliano, Pauline Santa Rosa Simões Drummond Boeira, M. Andreotti","doi":"10.4043/31308-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/31308-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The objective of this paper is to present and discuss the philosophy behind the integration of \"Model-Based Systems Engineering\" (MBSE) with metaheuristic algorithms, referred to as \"Model-Based Systems Metaheuristic Engineering\" (MBSME), which has demonstrated high potential of techno-economic optimization of large capital projects in oil and gas industry, notably in the automatic and integrated conceptual design and selection of offshore systems architectures.\u0000 Virtual modeling has always been an important part of systems engineering to support functional, performance and other engineering analysis. The so-called MBSME allows the simulation of several specific System-of-Systems physically addressed in offshore field development, bringing all the benefits of the traditional MBSE approach, and set a stochastic characteristic in the analysis, allowing the project team to focus on a Model-Centric approach, as well as to quickly understand the influence of several combined project strategies and application of different technologies, communicated through a Tradespace exploration map.\u0000 Due to the characteristics associated with and the countless number of variables of the multidimensional problem addressed in an offshore field development, the integration of \"Meta-Heuristic\" algorithms with \"Model-Based Systems Engineering\" has demonstrated a remarkable efficiency and powerful applicability in the search for optimized design solutions in oil and gas industry, especially considering the processes of generation of conceptual alternatives of offshore production systems. This method leads to a reduction of more than 2/3 of the average time currently observed, with an increase in the number of conceptual alternatives evaluated in the order of tens to an order of thousands of options, in an automatic and integrated approach.\u0000 Although the digital MBSME already developed addresses the combination of all technical disciplines associated with a complete offshore field development, the current work emphasizes the latest R&D achievements, addressing the automatic design and specification of Topside Facilities architecture, combined with the automatic selection of fitting for purpose Production Unit, based on internal requirements, such as the required capacity to support total weight and footprint imposed by the topside facilities’ modules, as well as external requirements, like water depth, surface metocean, type of well completion and oil storage requirements.\u0000 An example of the MBSME application is presented, demonstrating a three-dimensional Tradespace exploration, relating Net Present Value (NPV), Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Breakeven Oil Price, through the application of a computational package in a hypothetical project, reflecting the design conditions of an offshore development in the Brazilian Pre-Salt region. The paper communicates an efficient method to increase the scope and accuracy of conceptual analyses, leading to the identification of the","PeriodicalId":11184,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 18, 2021","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84767295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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