Current Pediatric Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Perinatal Exposure to Trace Elements: The Dubious Culprit of Autistic Spectrum Disorder in Children.","authors":"Kriti Mohan, Balram Ji Omar, Swathi Chacham, Ajay Bharti","doi":"10.2174/0115733963251295231031102941","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733963251295231031102941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is evidence that few trace elements in the environment work as hazardous materials in terms of their exposure in the perinatal period, causing autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) in children, and avoiding these exposures in the environment can reduce the number of new cases. This perspective study provides preliminary evidence to consider a few trace elements as culprits for ASD. More studies with larger cohorts are needed, but meanwhile, as per available evidence, exposure to these hazardous materials must be warranted during pregnancy and early stages of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"18-28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71479299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rectal Bleeding in Infants: Diagnostic Work-up and Management.","authors":"Paolo Quitadamo, Sara Isoldi, Saverio Mallardo, Letizia Zenzeri, Silvia Ceccanti, Ilaria Battagliere, Margherita Del Bene, Giovanni Di Nardo","doi":"10.2174/1573396319666230210111048","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573396319666230210111048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lower gastrointestinal bleeding is an alarming symptom in pediatrics, especially in infancy. However, it is commonly secondary to benign and self-limiting conditions, such as anal fissures, infections, and allergies; more rarely it is caused by more serious disorders, such as necrotizing enterocolitis, very early onset inflammatory bowel diseases, and vascular malformations. The present review aims at summarizing the different clinical conditions presenting with rectal bleeding in infancy and provides an evidence-based diagnostic work-up for the clinical management of patients with this occurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"286-295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10747784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Brief Survey of Post-COVID-19 Vaccination Mucocutaneous and Dermatological Reactions in Children and Adolescents: Answer to Many Highly Questioned Concerns.","authors":"Yekta Ghane, Sara Sadeghi, Azadeh Goodarzi","doi":"10.2174/1573396319666230228112039","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573396319666230228112039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"115-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10791260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Immunology and Allergy: Clinical Aspects.","authors":"Roberto Bernardini","doi":"10.2174/157339632003231116214000","DOIUrl":"10.2174/157339632003231116214000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":"20 3","pages":"201-202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139570080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Series of Appendicitis and Pseudo-appendicitis in a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit.","authors":"Kam L Hon, Alexander K C Leung, Yan T K Lee, Stephanie Tsang, Karen K Y Leung, Wun F A Hui, Wing L Cheung, Wai Y M Leung","doi":"10.2174/1573396320666230811092837","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573396320666230811092837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Appendicitis is a common childhood condition that can be diagnostically challenging. Severe cases may necessitate support in the critical or intensive care unit. These \"critical appendicitis diagnoses\" have rarely been described.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) database of the Hong Kong Children's Hospital and identified cases of suspected and confirmed appendicitis. Clinical features, radiologic findings and final diagnosis of each case were summarized and reported in this case series. We review six anonymized cases of appendicitis managed in a PICU to illustrate the different age spectrum and clinical manifestations of the condition. Rupture of the inflamed appendix, peritonitis and pancreatitis were some of the complications encountered. Crohn's disease was found in one case as an underlying diagnosis. Also, one girl clinically diagnosed with appendicitis was found to be a case of ruptured hepatoblastoma with no appendicitis (i.e., pseudoappendicitis).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prompt diagnosis, surgical removal of the inflamed appendix, and use of appropriate antimicrobials when indicated are essential in reducing mortality and morbidity associated with severe appendicitis. Significant premorbid conditions such as acute myeloid leukemia, Mitochondrial Encephalopathy Lactic Acidosis Syndrome (MELAS), inflammatory bowel disease and complications may be present in patients needing intensive care as is illustrated in the present cases. Pseudoappendicitis is an important differential diagnosis. Imaging is crucial and useful in establishing and confirming the diagnosis of appendicitis and pseudo-appendicitis in these PICU cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"75-79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10078123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Limping Child: A Guide for the Trainees.","authors":"Norah AlRohaimi, Hamad Alkhalaf, Jubran Alqanatish","doi":"10.2174/1573396320666230406085533","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573396320666230406085533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Limping is a common presenting complaint in children. Despite this, it remains to be a diagnostic challenge for treating physicians due to an expanded list of etiologies. It arises from a spectrum of disorders, ranging from physiological variations of gait at different stages of development to systemic causes, such as inflammatory diseases or musculoskeletal infections. On rare occasions, non-musculoskeletal causes could result in limping. The diagnostic challenge increases in younger age children where a detailed physical examination that helps identify the exact source of pathology may not be possible. In older patients who have a well-developed gait cycle, the physical assessment might be easier. Clinical assessment in a child presenting with a limp includes gait analysis, which is essential to guide the appropriate request of diagnostic laboratory tests and imaging studies. In this paper, we provide a practical guide for a trainee in General Pediatric and Pediatric Rheumatology on an approach to a limping child, aiming to identify the common causes of limping and to describe normal and abnormal gait cycles. We also discuss other diagnostic considerations in the assessment of these children.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"426-433"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46461758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bones and Aches in Children.","authors":"Amir Babiker","doi":"10.2174/157339632004240530131009","DOIUrl":"10.2174/157339632004240530131009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":"20 4","pages":"379"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory <i>versus</i> Cardiac Algorithm for Pediatric and Neonatal Resuscitation.","authors":"Kam Lun Hon, Yok Weng Tan, Karen Ka Yan Leung, Genevieve P G Fung, Ka Hang Kwok, Alice Yan Ho, Bill H Chan","doi":"10.2174/1573396319666230220130016","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573396319666230220130016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"278-282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10753017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcal Pharyngitis: An Updated Review.","authors":"Alexander K C Leung, Joseph M Lam, Benjamin Barankin, Kin F Leong, Kam L Hon","doi":"10.2174/1573396320666230726145436","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573396320666230726145436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Group A ß-hemolytic <i>Streptococcus</i> (GABHS) is the leading bacterial cause of acute pharyngitis in children and adolescents worldwide.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article aims to familiarize clinicians with the clinical manifestations, evaluation, diagnosis, and management of GABHS pharyngitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A search was conducted in December 2022 in PubMed Clinical Queries using the key term \"group A β-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis\". This review covers mainly literature published in the previous ten years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children with GABHS pharyngitis typically present with an abrupt onset of fever, intense pain in the throat, pain on swallowing, an inflamed pharynx, enlarged and erythematous tonsils, a red and swollen uvula, enlarged tender anterior cervical lymph nodes. As clinical manifestations may not be specific, even experienced clinicians may have difficulties diagnosing GABHS pharyngitis solely based on epidemiologic or clinical grounds alone. Patients suspected of having GABHS pharyngitis should be confirmed by microbiologic testing (e.g., culture, rapid antigen detection test, molecular point-of-care test) of a throat swab specimen prior to the initiation of antimicrobial therapy. Microbiologic testing is generally unnecessary in patients with pharyngitis whose clinical and epidemiologic findings do not suggest GABHS. Clinical score systems such as the Centor score and McIssac score have been developed to help clinicians decide which patients should undergo diagnostic testing and reduce the unnecessary use of antimicrobials. Antimicrobial therapy should be initiated without delay once the diagnosis is confirmed. Oral penicillin V and amoxicillin remain the drugs of choice. For patients who have a non-anaphylactic allergy to penicillin, oral cephalosporin is an acceptable alternative. For patients with a history of immediate, anaphylactic-type hypersensitivity to penicillin, oral clindamycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin are acceptable alternatives.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment are recommended to prevent suppurative complications (e.g., cervical lymphadenitis, peritonsillar abscess) and non-suppurative complications (particularly rheumatic fever) as well as to reduce the severity of symptoms, to shorten the duration of the illness and to reduce disease transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"2-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9861946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Submaximal Field Walking Tests Applied in the Cardiopulmonary Assessment in Congenital Heart Diseases: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Amanda da Silva, Alexia Nadine Puel, Priscilla Moretto, Ana Inês Gonzáles, Anelise Sonza","doi":"10.2174/0115733963263592231127042702","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733963263592231127042702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Submaximal field walking tests are easy to apply and low cost, but it is necessary to standardize their application, especially in the pediatric population. The feasibility and its use in patients with congenital heart disease have been studied. The goal of this study was to verify which are the submaximal field walking tests applied in the cardiopulmonary assessment of children and adolescents with CHD and to verify if they are being performed as recommended by the standardization protocols/guidelines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Literature review through a search in six electronic databases, structured in PICO format, without date restrictions. Looking for studies that used submaximal field walking tests in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease aged 5 to 18 years. Methodological quality, effectiveness and safety and risk of bias were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five studies met the eligibility criteria with a sample of 160 individuals with congenital heart disease, and all used the six-minute walk test. Note that different methodologies and modifications are used. Only the clinical trial showed good methodological quality.Four studies had low risk of bias and one study had moderate risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the six-minute walk test is the only test used as a field test found in our research, there is no standardization in the application of the test, making it difficult to compare the results. In this sense, reducing the limitations and heterogeneity in the application of the test will enable more concrete outcomes and facilitate their reproduction in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"56-66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139511951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}