{"title":"Impact of chronic stress on intestinal mucosal immunity in colorectal cancer progression.","authors":"Shengya Yang, Ying Li, Yingru Zhang, Yan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic stress is a significant risk factor that contributes to the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) and has garnered considerable attention in recent research. It influences the distribution and function of immune cells within the intestinal mucosa through the \"brain-gut\" axis, altering cytokine and chemokine secretion and creating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The intestine, often called the \"second brain,\" is particularly susceptible to the effects of chronic stress. Cytokines and chemokines in intestinal mucosal immunity(IMI) are closely linked to CRC cells' proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance under chronic stress. Recently, antidepressants have emerged as potential therapeutic agents for CRC, possibly by modulating IMI to restore homeostasis and exert anti-tumor effects. This article reviews the role of chronic stress in promoting CRC progression via its impact on intestinal mucosal immunity, explores potential targets within the intestinal mucosa under chronic stress, and proposes new approaches for CRC treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11132,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"24-36"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"JAK inhibitors in immune regulation and treatment of vitiligo.","authors":"Kewei Liu, Linyi Zhou, Meihui Shi, Tianxin Cong, Xiaoyi Yang, Xiangnan Zhou, Ming Cheng, Cong Ma, Shulan Yao, Peiyao Ying, Zhenzhen Mu, Yan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitiligo, a disorder marked by hypopigmentation, significantly impacts patients' quality of life and mental health. This condition results from the reduction or dysfunction of melanocytes, which are crucial for skin and hair pigmentation. Current treatments include glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, phototherapy, vitamin D3 analogues, and surgical interventions. Recent research has revealed that hyperactivation of Janus kinase (JAK) and its downstream signaling pathways intensifies cytotoxic T cell activity and weakens melanocytes' defense against environmental stressors. Additionally, the aberrant expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo by disrupting melanocyte function and promoting immune-mediated destruction. Clinical trials and basic research have demonstrated the efficacy of JAK inhibitors in modulating these cytokine pathways and promoting melanocyte repigmentation. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of JAK inhibitors, exploring their mechanisms and latest applications in regulating cytokine and skin immune responses, aiming to optimize their use in vitiligo therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11132,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"87-96"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ignacio M Seropian, Mohammad El-Diasty, Adham H El-Sherbini, Germán E González, Gabriel A Rabinovich
{"title":"Central role of Galectin-3 at the cross-roads of cardiac inflammation and fibrosis: Implications for heart failure and transplantation.","authors":"Ignacio M Seropian, Mohammad El-Diasty, Adham H El-Sherbini, Germán E González, Gabriel A Rabinovich","doi":"10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiac inflammation and fibrosis are central pathogenic mechanisms leading to heart failure. Transplantation is still the treatment of choice for many patients undergoing end-stage heart failure who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy. In spite of considerable progress, the molecular mechanisms linking inflammation, fibrosis and heart failure remain poorly understood. Galectin-3 (GAL3), a chimera-type member of the galectin family, has emerged as a critical mediator implicated in cardiac inflammatory, vascular and fibrotic processes through modulation of different cellular compartments including monocytes and macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells via glycan-dependent or independent mechanisms. GAL3-driven circuits may hierarchically amplify cytokine production and function, immune cell activation and fibrosis cascades, influencing a wide range of cardiovascular disorders. Thus, GAL3 emerges as a potential therapeutic target to counteract aberrant inflammation and fibrosis during heart failure and a potential biomarker of heart failure and clinical outcome of heart transplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11132,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"47-58"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unraveling the intricacies of neutrophil extracellular traps in inflammatory bowel disease: Pathways, biomarkers, and promising therapies.","authors":"Yilin Wu, Jun Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, involves various factors and is characterized by persistent inflammation of the mucosal lining. However, the role of neutrophils in this process remains controversial. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which consist of chromatin, antimicrobial proteins, and oxidative enzymes, are released by neutrophils to trap pathogens. They are also involved in various immune-mediated and vascular diseases. NETs act as a vital defense mechanisms at the gut-mucosal interface and are frequently exposed to bacterial, viral, and fungal threats. However, they can also contribute to inflammation and worsen imbalances in the gut bacteria. Recent studies have suggested that NETs have a significant impact on IBD development. Previous studies have shown increased levels of NETs in tissue and blood samples from patients with IBD, as well as in experimental colitis mouse models. Therefore, this review discusses how NETs are formed and their role in the pathophysiology of IBD. It discusses how NETs may lead to tissue damage and contribute to IBD-associated complications. Moreover, non-invasive biomarkers are needed to replace invasive procedures such as endoscopy to better evaluate the disease status. Given the crucial role of NETs in IBD progression, this review focuses on potential NET biomarkers that can help predict the evolution of IBD. Furthermore, this review identifies potential therapeutic targets for regulating NET production, which could expand the range of available treatment options for IBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11132,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"156-167"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142496809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meng-Jie Zhang, Long Yang, Zhuo-Yao Li, Long-Yun Zhou, Yong-Jun Wang, Hong-Shen Wang, Xue-Jun Cui, Min Yao
{"title":"NLRP1 inflammasome in neurodegenerative disorders: From pathology to therapies.","authors":"Meng-Jie Zhang, Long Yang, Zhuo-Yao Li, Long-Yun Zhou, Yong-Jun Wang, Hong-Shen Wang, Xue-Jun Cui, Min Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroinflammation is a critical component in neurodegenerative disorders. The inflammasome, facilitates the cleavage of caspase-1, leading to the maturation and subsequent secretion of inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Consequently, pyroptosis mediated by gasdermin D, exacerbates neuroinflammation. Among the inflammasomes, NLRP1/3 are predominant in the central nervous system (CNS), Although NLRP1 was the earliest discovered inflammasome, the specific involvement of NLRP1 in neurodegenerative diseases remains to be fully elucidated. Recently, the discovery of an endogenous inhibitor of NLRP1, dipeptidyl peptidase 9, suggests the feasibility of producing of small-molecule drugs targeting NLRP1. This review describes the latest findings on the role of the NLRP1 inflammasome in the pathology of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, and summarises the regulatory mechanisms of NLRP1 inflammasome activation in the CNS. Furthermore, we highlight the recent progress in developing small-molecule and biological inhibitors that modulate the NLRP1 infammasome for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, some of which are advancing to preclinical testing. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The objective of this review is to synthesise the research on the structure, activation, and regulatory mechanisms of the NLRP1 inflammasome, along with its potential impact on both acute and chronic neurodegenerative conditions. The discovery of endogenous inhibitors, such as dipeptidyl peptidase 9 and thioredoxin, and their interaction with NLRP1 suggest the possibility of developing NLRP1-targeted small-molecule drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. This review also discusses the use of both direct and indirect NLRP1 inhibitors as prospective therapeutic strategies for these conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11132,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"138-155"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142496808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cytokine modulation and immunoregulation of uterine NK cells in pregnancy disorders.","authors":"Jun Zhou, Ping Yan, Wenxue Ma, Jing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.11.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells play a pivotal role in promoting placental development and supporting maternal-fetal immune tolerance, primarily through cytokine regulation and growth factor production. While the importance of uNK cells in pregnancy is well-established, the mechanisms of their interactions with trophoblasts and contributions to various pregnancy complications remain incompletely understood. This review highlights recent advancements in understanding uNK cell functions, with a focus on cytokine production, growth factor secretion, and receptor-ligand interactions, particularly involving killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and human leukocyte antigen-C (HLA-C). We explore how uNK cell dysfunction contributes to pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia, recurrent pregnancy loss, and placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders, emphasizing their roles in immune tolerance and placental health. By detailing the distinct cytokine signaling pathways and functional subtypes of uNK cells, this review provides insights into their regulatory mechanisms essential for pregnancy maintenance. Additionally, we discuss emerging therapeutic strategies targeting uNK-trophoblast interactions and propose future research directions, including the development of non-invasive biomarkers and personalized interventions. This comprehensive review addresses critical knowledge gaps, aiming to advance research in reproductive immunology and guide therapeutic innovations in maternal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":11132,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keying Che, Jinyu Li, Zheng Chen, Qiang Li, Qiang Wen, Chuanxi Wang, Zhe Yang
{"title":"IL-33 in cancer immunotherapy: Pleiotropic functions and biological strategies.","authors":"Keying Che, Jinyu Li, Zheng Chen, Qiang Li, Qiang Wen, Chuanxi Wang, Zhe Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interleukin-33 (IL-33) belongs to the IL-1 cytokine superfamily and plays a critical role in regulating immune responses and maintaining host homeostasis. IL-33 is essential for driving and enhancing type 2 immune responses and is closely associated with the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases, infections, and the progression and metastasis of cancers. This study aimed to provide an overview of the anti-tumor effects of IL-33 by examining its complex immunomodulatory functions within the tumor microenvironment and how it regulates immune cells to mediate these effects. We also provided perspectives on the pleiotropic roles of IL-33 in immunomodulation, its potential use in cancer immunotherapies, and possible adverse effects associated with its therapeutic application. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing more effective IL-33-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11132,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Izumi Nagayama, Yoshinori Takei, Shunsuke Takahashi, Mari Okada, Akito Maeshima
{"title":"The activin-follistatin system: Key regulator of kidney development, regeneration, inflammation, and fibrosis.","authors":"Izumi Nagayama, Yoshinori Takei, Shunsuke Takahashi, Mari Okada, Akito Maeshima","doi":"10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Activins, multifunctional cytokines of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, play critical roles in the regulation of growth and differentiation in multiple biological systems. Activin activity is finely regulated by the endogenous antagonist follistatin. Early studies reported that activins are involved in renal organogenesis, but subsequent research demonstrated that activins also play a significant role in kidney regeneration following injury. The results of more recent studies suggest activins play roles in both inflammatory kidney diseases and renal fibrosis, conditions that often culminate in end-stage renal disease. Given these findings, the inhibition of activin activity represents a promising therapeutic approach for treating a range of kidney disorders. This review discusses the latest discoveries concerning the role of the activin-follistatin system in renal development and pathophysiology and explores the potential therapeutic implications of targeting this system in the management of kidney diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11132,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142708912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Yin and Yang of TLR4 in COVID-19.","authors":"Suprabhat Mukherjee, Jagadeesh Bayry","doi":"10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including toll-like receptors (TLRs), play a crucial role in recognizing invading pathogens as well as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released in response to infection. The resulting signaling cascades initiate appropriate immune responses to eliminate these pathogens. Current evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2-driven activation of TLR4, whether through direct recognition of the spike glycoprotein (alone or in combination with endotoxin) or by sensing various TLR4-activating DAMPs or alarmins released during viral infection, acts as a critical mediator of antiviral immunity. However, TLR4 exerts a dual role in COVID-19, demonstrating both beneficial and deleterious effects. Dysregulated TLR4 signaling is implicated in the proinflammatory consequences linked to the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19. Additionally, TLR4 polymorphisms contribute to severity of the disease. Given its significant immunoregulatory impact on COVID-19 immunopathology and host immunity, TLR4 has emerged as a key target for developing inhibitors and immunotherapeutic strategies to mitigate the adverse effects associated with SARS-CoV-2 and related infections. Furthermore, TLR4 agonists are also being explored as adjuvants to enhance immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":11132,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan Liao,Wangzheqi Zhang,Miao Zhou,Chenglong Zhu,Zui Zou
{"title":"Ubiquitination in pyroptosis pathway: A potential therapeutic target for sepsis.","authors":"Yan Liao,Wangzheqi Zhang,Miao Zhou,Chenglong Zhu,Zui Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"Sepsis remains a significant clinical challenge, causing numerous deaths annually and representing a major global health burden. Pyroptosis, a unique form of programmed cell death characterized by cell lysis and the release of inflammatory mediators, is a crucial factor in the pathogenesis and progression of sepsis, septic shock, and organ dysfunction. Ubiquitination, a key post-translational modification influencing protein fate, has emerged as a promising target for managing various inflammatory conditions, including sepsis. This review integrates the current knowledge on sepsis, pyroptosis, and the ubiquitin system, focusing on the molecular mechanisms of ubiquitination within pyroptotic pathways activated during sepsis. By exploring how modulating ubiquitination can regulate pyroptosis and its associated inflammatory signaling pathways, this review provides insights into potential therapeutic strategies for sepsis, highlighting the need for further research into these complex molecular networks.","PeriodicalId":11132,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}