Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Multicenter, Open-Label, Prospective Study Shows Safety and Therapeutic Benefits of a Defined Ginkgo Biloba Extract for Adults with Major Neurocognitive Disorder.","authors":"Debashish Chowdhury, Ajit Kumar Roy, V Radhika Reddy, Yogesh Kumar Gupta, Pushkar Nigam, Robert Hoerr","doi":"10.1159/000540385","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The safety and therapeutic effects of Gingko biloba extract EGb 761® to treat cognitive decline have been demonstrated in numerous clinical trials. However, trials in Indian populations have been lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This open-label, multicenter, single-arm, phase IV trial enrolled 150 patients aged ≥50 years with major neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease, major vascular neurocognitive disorder, or mixed forms of both according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria and a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of 12-24. Patients took 120 mg EGb 761® twice daily for 18 weeks. Therapeutic effects were assessed by CERAD constructional praxis and recall of constructional praxis (CERAD CP, CERAD recall of CP), Trail-Making Test (TMT), Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease (BEHAVE-AD), Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale, and 11-point box scales for tinnitus and vertigo. Safety assessment was based on the occurrence of adverse events as well as changes in clinical, laboratory, and functional parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 18 weeks, significant improvements compared to baseline were found in constructional praxis (CERAD CP, p &lt; 0.0001), memory (CERAD recall of CP, p &lt; 0.0001), speed and executive functioning (TMT A, p &lt; 0.0001; TMT B, p &lt; 0.0001), and behavioral symptoms (BEHAVE-AD, p &lt; 0.0001). Forty-five adverse events were reported in 33 (22.0%) patients in total, including ten presumed adverse drug reactions in 9 (6.0%) patients. Headache and diarrhea of mild-to-moderate severity were the most frequent events. Two serious adverse events, both considered unrelated to the study drug, occurred in 2 (1.3%) patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study confirmed the favorable safety profile and suggested therapeutic benefits of EGb 761® in Indian patients with major neurocognitive disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":11126,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive and Behavioral Profile of Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Spectrum in the Indian Context.","authors":"Kosha Srivastava, Faheem Arshad, Wasim Javed Mujawar, Lee Cranberg, Jamuna Rajeshwaran, Mohammad Afsar, Nithin Thanissery, Vaishnavi Desai, Bangalore Somashekar Keerthana, Balu Shubhangi, Seena Vengalil, Saraswati Nashi, Dipti Baskar, Kiran Polavarapu, Veeramani Preethish-Kumar, Suvarna Alladi, Atchayaram Nalini","doi":"10.1159/000540018","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by motor, cognitive, and behavioral impairment. There is a paucity of evidence about the cognitive/behavioral features of ALS patients from India. We aimed to investigate the cognitive/behavioral profile of ALS spectrum disorders in the Indian context.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty patients with ALS spectrum and 40 age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls were recruited. The scales used were Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE-III), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale, and Frontal Systems Behavior (FrSBe) Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the overall cohort was 55 years, and male-to-female ratio was 2.5:1. The mean duration of illness of the cohort was 16 months. Patients were classified as ALS with normal cognition (ALS-cn, n = 21), mild cognitive or behavioral deficits (ALS-ci/-bi, n = 28), and frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD, n = 11). ALS-cn had poorer scores compared to healthy controls in global cognition, memory, and language (p &lt; 0.05). ALS-ci/-bi performed poorer than healthy controls on all cognitive domains (p &lt; 0.05). ALS-FTD had poorer scores than healthy controls and ALS-cn on all cognitive domains (p &lt; 0.001). Behavioral assessment showed an increase in apathy among all subtypes. ALS-FTD showed significant worsening in disinhibition and executive function compared to ALS-cn and ALS-ci/-bi.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that there are key cognitive and behavior characteristics in Indian patients with ALS spectrum. This further strengthens the evidence of a cognitive continuum in ALS and FTD in a diverse context and highlights the importance of meticulous evaluation and correct diagnosis that would assist in better management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11126,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary Incidence of Cognitive Impairment or Dementia in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Hui Zhen Lo, Caitlin Fern Wee, Chen Ee Low, Yao Hao Teo, Yao Neng Teo, Choi Ying Yun, Nicholas L Syn, Benjamin Y Q Tan, Ping Chai, Leonard L L Yeo, Tiong-Cheng Yeo, Yao Feng Chong, Kian-Keong Poh, William K F Kong, Raymond C C Wong, Mark Y Chan, Ching-Hui Sia","doi":"10.1159/000540450","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite the high prevalence of cognitive impairment or dementia post-coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), the incidence of cognitive impairment or dementia post-CABG in contemporary practice is currently unclear. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the incidence and associated risk factors of cognitive impairment or dementia in patients' post-CABG.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search across three databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, and Embase) was conducted for studies published in or after 2013 that reported cognitive impairment or dementia post-CABG. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression by risk factors were performed to determine their influence on the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This analysis included 23 studies with a total of 2,620 patients. The incidence of cognitive impairment or dementia less than 1 month, 2 to 6 months, and more than 12 months post-CABG was 35.96% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 28.22-44.51, I2 = 87%), 21.33% (95% CI: 13.44-32.15, I2 = 88%), and 39.13% (95% CI: 21.72-58.84, I2 = 84%), respectively. Meta-regression revealed that studies with more than 80% of the cohort diagnosed with hypertension were significantly associated with incidence of cognitive impairment or dementia less than 1 month post-CABG.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This meta-analysis demonstrates a high incidence of cognitive impairment or dementia in patients' post-CABG in contemporary practice, particularly less than 1 month post-CABG and more than 12 months post-CABG. We found that hypertension was a significant risk factor in the short-term (less than 1 month) follow-up period for cognitive impairment or dementia post-CABG. Future research should be done to assess strategies to reduce cognitive impairment post-CABG.</p>","PeriodicalId":11126,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141757728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep Duration and Cognitive Function: The Akershus Cardiac Examination 1950 Study.","authors":"Hege Ihle-Hansen, Gunnar Einvik, Guri Hagberg, Bente Thommessen, Ole Morten Rønning, Thea Vigen, Magnus Nakrem Lyngbakken, Trygve Berge, Helge Røsjø, Arnljot Tveit, Håkon Ihle-Hansen","doi":"10.1159/000540273","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sleep duration is proposed as a lifestyle-related risk factor for cognitive impairment. We investigated the association between sleep duration and cognitive function in a large population-based cohort aged 62-65 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional analyses from the Akershus Cardiac Examination 1950 Study. Linear and nonlinear models were conducted to explore the association between self-reported sleep duration and cognitive function, adjusted for established risk factors for cognitive impairment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 3,348 participants, mean age (SD) was 63.9 ± 0.6 years, 48.2% were women, and 47.9% had education &gt;12 years. Mean sleep duration (SD) was 7.0 ± 1.0 h, and 10.2% had abnormal sleep duration (&lt;6 or &gt;8 h). Individuals reporting &lt;6 h or &gt;8 h of sleep scored significantly lower on MoCA test and delayed recall trial in adjusted analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sleep duration showed an inverted U-shaped association with global cognitive function and memory, suggesting that both shortened and prolonged sleep are related to adverse brain health.</p>","PeriodicalId":11126,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141757729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deficits of Facial Emotion Recognition in Elderly Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment.","authors":"Eun-Yoo Ju, Chae Yoon Kim, Baek-Yong Choi, Seung-Woo Ryoo, Jin-Young Min, Kyoung-Bok Min","doi":"10.1159/000540364","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The study of facial emotion recognition is under-explored in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We investigated whether deficits in facial emotion recognition are present in patients with MCI. We also analyzed the relationship between facial emotion recognition and different domains of cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 300 participants aged 60 years or older with cognitive decline. We evaluated 181 MCI and 119 non-MCI subjects using the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery-Core (SNSB-C) and facial emotion recognition task using six facial expressions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise). A Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was used to assess the association between cognitive performance and accuracy of facial emotion recognition and to compare facial emotion recognition in the MCI group based on the impairment of five different domains of cognitive function. The model was adjusted for age, sex, years of education, and depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with MCI had a lower score for accurately recognizing total facial emotion (0.48 vs. 0.53; ρ = 0.0003) and surprise (0.73 vs. 0.81; ρ = 0.0215) when compared to cognitively healthy subjects. We also discovered that frontal/executive function domain (Digit Symbol Coding [DSC, 0.38 vs. 0.49; p &lt; 0.0001], Controlled Oral Word Association Test [COWAT, 0.42 vs. 0.49; p = 0.0001], Korean-Trail Making Test [K-TMT, 0.37 vs. 0.48; p = 0.0073], Korean-Color Word Stroop Test [K-CWST, 0.43 vs. 0.49; p = 0.0219]) and language domain (Korean-Boston Naming Test [S-K-BNT, 0.46 vs. 0.47; p = 0.003]) were statistically associated with the deficits of facial emotion recognition in patients with MCI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We observed a significant association between deficits in facial emotion recognition and cognitive impairment in elderly individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":11126,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship between Mentally Active Sedentary Behavior and Cognitive Function across Different Educational Levels.","authors":"Julinling Hu, Qian Deng, Chan Yong, Jie Peng, Chuiran Kong, Nanyan Li, Xianlan Li, Qin Ye, Qianqian Liu, Yufei Wang, Junmin Zhou","doi":"10.1159/000539863","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>How education affects the relationship between sedentary behavior and cognitive function remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mentally active sedentary behavior and cognitive function in rural older Chinese across different levels of education.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 517 participants aged 60 years and older in rural China at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months were analyzed. Univariate analysis was carried out using descriptive statistical techniques and bivariate analysis was performed using linear mixed effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total mentally active sedentary behavior time and playing cards/mahjong time were significantly associated with global cognition (0.25 points [95% CI, 0.15-0.35], p &lt; 0.001; 0.27 points [95% CI, 0.16-0.37], p &lt; 0.001, respectively), the attention dimension (0.07 points [95% CI, 0.01-0.12], p = 0.025; 0.08 points [95% CI, 0.02-0.14], p = 0.011, respectively), and the memory dimension (0.20 points [95% CI, 0.13-0.26], p &lt; 0.001; 0.18 points [95% CI, 0.12-0.25], p &lt; 0.001, respectively). Such associations were more pronounced in illiterate participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study suggested a positive association between mentally active sedentary behavior and cognitive function, with the association being more pronounced among illiterate older adults compared to the relatively well-educated. Future cognitive interventions should focus more on mentally active behavior. In addition, education-specific intervention strategy may be considered in cognitive interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11126,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141533943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Performance of Five Cognitive Screening Tests in a Large Sample of Seniors.","authors":"Jurij Dreo, Jan Jug, Tisa Pavlovčič, Ajda Ogrin, Anita Demšar, Barbara Aljaž, Filip Agatić, Uros Marusic","doi":"10.1159/000540225","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Recent introductions of disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease have re-invigorated the cause of early dementia detection. Cognitive \"paper and pencil\" tests represent the bedrock of clinical assessment, because they are cheap, easy to perform, and do not require brain imaging or biological testing. Cognitive tests vary greatly in duration, complexity, sociolinguistic biases, probed cognitive domains, and their specificity and sensitivity of detecting cognitive impairment (CI). Consequently, an ecologically valid head-to-head comparison seems essential for evidence-based dementia screening.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We compared five tests: Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), Alzheimer's disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS), Addenbrooke's cognitive examination (ACE-III), euro-coin handling test (Eurotest), and image identification test (Phototest) on a large sample of seniors (N = 456, 77.9 ± 8 years, 71% females). Their specificity and sensitivity were estimated in a novel way by contrasting each test's outcome to the majority outcome across the remaining tests (comparative specificity and sensitivity calculation [CSSC]). This obviates the need for an a priori gold standard such as a clinically clear-cut sample of dementia/MCI/controls. We posit that the CSSC results in a more ecologically valid estimation of clinical performance while precluding biases resulting from different dementia/MCI diagnostic criteria and the proficiency in detecting these conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There exists a stark trade-off between behavioral test specificity and sensitivity. The test with the highest specificity had the lowest sensitivity, and vice versa. The comparative specificities and sensitivities were, respectively: Phototest (97%, 47%), Eurotest (94%, 55%), ADAS (90%, 68%), ACE-III (72%, 77%), MoCA (55%, 95%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Assuming a CI prevalence of 10%, the shortest (∼3 min) and the simplest instrument, the Phototest, was shown to have the best overall performance (accuracy 92%, PPV 66%, NPV 94%).</p>","PeriodicalId":11126,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of neighborhood socioeconomic status with executive function and processing speed in cognitively normal Mexican Americans elders from the Health and Aging Brains Study - Health Disparities cohort.","authors":"Raul Vintimilla, Abigail Benton, Roya Morakabian, James R Hall, Leigh A Johnson, S. O'Bryant","doi":"10.1159/000539035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000539035","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) has been linked with overall health, and this study will evaluate whether NSES is cross-sectionally associated with cognition in non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) and Mexican Americans (MA) from the Health and Aging Brain: Health Disparities Study (HABS-HD).\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000The HABS-HD is a longitudinal study conducted at the University of North Texas Health Science Center. The final sample analyzed (n=1312) were 50 years or older, with unimpaired cognition, and underwent an interview, neuropsychological examination, imaging, and blood draw. NSES was measured using the national area deprivation index (ADI) percentile ranking, which considered socioeconomic variables. Executive function and processing speed were assessed by the trail making tests (A and B) and the digit-symbol substitution test, respectively. Linear regression was used to assess the association of ADI and cognitive measures.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000MA were younger, more likely to be female, less educated, had higher ADI scores, performed worse on trails B (all p<0.05), and have lower prevalence of APOE4+ (p<0.001), when compared to NHW. A higher percentage of MA lived in the most deprived neighborhoods than NHW. For NHW, ADI did not predict trails B or DSS scores, after adjusting for demographic variables and APOE4. For MA, ADI predicted trails A, trails B, and DSS after adjusting for demographic covariates and APOE4 status.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Our study revealed that living in an area of higher deprivation was associated with lower cognitive function in MA but not in NHW, which is important to consider in future interventions to slow cognitive decline.","PeriodicalId":11126,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140658504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Susceptibility Variants of Vascular Dementia among Asians: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"V. Ramachandran, N. Mohamad, Mohd Nazil Salleh, W. A. Wan Sulaiman, Liyana Najwa Inche Mat, M. H. Mohamed, Ching Siew Mooi, Abdul Hanif Khan Yusof Khan, H. Basri, Pannerselvam Periasamy, Vajiravelu Suganthi, Narenkumar Jayaraman","doi":"10.1159/000538864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000538864","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Vascular dementia (VaD), a neurocognitive impairment directly related to vascular injury, is the second most common cause of age-related dementia. Although numerous studies have investigated candidate genetic polymorphisms associated with VaD in Asia, the genetics of VaD remains unclear.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000This review provides an updated meta-analysis of genetic polymorphisms associated with VaD in Asians, using the PRISMA guidelines. Published literature up to May 2021 was extracted from the PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, and EBSCO host databases. Meta-analysis was conducted using the Open Meta analyst, Review Manager, and MedCalc® Statistical Software. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed using TSA viewer software.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000A total of 46 eligible studies, comprising 23 genes and 35 SNPs, were retrieved. The meta-analysis was conducted on the following genetic polymorphisms, APOE ε2/3/4, MTHFR rs1801131, ACE rs4340 (I/D) gene polymorphism, and a PSEN1 intron 8 variant. The pooled ORs revealed a significant increase in the risk of VaD in the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allelic model: OR, 1.79, p<0.001), and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) rs1801133 polymorphism T allele in the allelic model (OR, 1.23, p=0.013).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Our findings provide evidence that genetic polymorphisms of the APOE ε4 allele and MTHFR rs1801133 T allele increase the risk of developing VaD in Asians. However, future large-scale investigations examining particularly on South-Eastern and West-Asian populations are highly recommended.","PeriodicalId":11126,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140687360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discriminant accuracy of standing balance tests for level of gait dependency in hospitalized patients with Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Keita Nakagawa, Shusaku Kanai, S. Kitakaze, Hitoshi Okamura","doi":"10.1159/000538541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000538541","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000When determining the level of gait independence in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), detailed functional assessment is difficult in some patients. Previous literature has suggested simple standing balance tests for patients with AD due to their ease of implementation in clinical practice and relevance to gait. However, their usefulness for discriminating the level of gait independence remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the discrimination accuracy of a simple standing balance test in the level of gait independence among hospitalized patients with AD.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000This cross-sectional study was a post-hoc analysis of a study conducted on 63 inpatients with AD in a single hospital. Participants were divided into three groups according to their level of gait independence: independent, modified independent (independent walking with walking aids), and dependent groups (supervision). Gait independence was determined using the Functional Independence Measure. Four standing balance tests were used-closed-leg, semi-tandem, tandem, and one-leg standings-and the discrimination accuracy of each test was calculated by receiver operating characteristic analysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000One-leg standing was best at discriminating between the independent and modified independent groups (positive predictive value=80.0%, negative predictive value=94.1%). Tandem standing was best at discriminating between the modified independent and dependent groups (positive predictive value=74.1%, negative predictive value=93.3%).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000A simple standing balance test may assist in determining level of gait independence in patients with AD when it is difficult to perform a mobility assessment.","PeriodicalId":11126,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140719164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}