Current topics in medicinal chemistry最新文献

{"title":"MHA-SVR: An Adaptive Soft Sensor Based on Feature Interaction for Ultrasonic Phytomedicine Extraction.","authors":"Yuqi Yue, Zepeng Xue, Zhongyu Guo, Juan Chen","doi":"10.2174/0115680266356325250510064641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266356325250510064641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ultrasonic extraction is a crucial technique for isolating active compounds from phytomedicine. However, as a batch process characterized by non-linearity and small sample size, it poses substantial challenges for real-time and prediction of extraction rates during the extraction of phytomedicinal. This work proposes an adaptive soft sensor for ultrasonic phytomedicine extraction.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>An adaptive soft sensor based on an attention mechanism was first proposed. The attention mechanism calculates correlations between samples and assigns weights based on their similarity to the current query. Support vector regression (SVR) is then used to construct the soft sensor for extraction rate measurement. To further enhance sample information analysis, multi-head attention is employed. This allows the model to calculate the similarity between current queries and historical data across different feature spaces, thus improving the modeling capabilities of the intrinsic data structure. Finally, a dual-frequency ultrasonic extraction experiment of puerarin is designed and conducted. The experimental data is collected and labeled from different batches under varying initial extraction temperatures. This data is used to establish the soft sensor model and compare its performance.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>The experimental results indicate that the proposed MHA-SVR model improved the coefficient of determination (R²) by 5.12% compared to the mainstream model and reduced the online prediction time by 88% compared to the JITL-SVR model. This work performance well exceeds the others while maintaining good real-time capabilities for the dual-frequency ultrasonic extraction of puerarin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The multi-head attention and SVR-integrated soft sensor method proposed in this study effectively addresses the soft measurement challenges in online monitoring of multi-batch ultrasonic extraction processes. This approach demonstrates significant enhancement in extraction yield detection accuracy across varying batches and diverse initial operating conditions, thereby providing a robust technical solution for real-time quantification of extraction efficiency in botanical material processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditional Chinese Medicines for Alzheimer's Disease: Current Knowledge, Clinical Applications, and Future Directions.","authors":"Yu Deng, Chaojun Chen, Hongtao Li, Tianle Wang, Xu Zhang, Xueyang Wang, Guangtao Pan","doi":"10.2174/0115680266347052250407110353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266347052250407110353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that poses a significant challenge to the health of the global aging population. Despite extensive research, the complex mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis remain largely elusive. In recent years, a growing number of clinical studies have demonstrated the preventive and therapeutic potential of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) against AD through multiple pathways, targets, and compounds. In this study, we conducted a review of the literature published over the past 20 years through international and domestic databases, including PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, CNKI, SinoMed, Wanfang, and VIP Journal Integration Platform. This review systematically evaluates current research advancements regarding single-herb preparations, bioactive constituents, and compound formulations in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), with focused analysis on three therapeutic categories: tonifying herbs, blood-activating and stasis-eliminating agents, as well as orifice-opening, phlegm-resolving, and mind-stabilizing medicinal substances. Furthermore, this review discusses the potential mechanisms underpinning the anti-AD effects of TCMs. By integrating these insights, this review aims to establish a theoretical foundation for the application of TCMs in AD treatment and provide a reference for future pharmacological studies and the development of health-related products.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of MMP1 Inhibitors from Dandelion using Molecular Simulation and Bioactivity Test.","authors":"Yaxuan Huang, Dewen Jiang, Liqin Zhang, Yonghao Zhang, Mingkai Wu, Xiaojie Jin, Jianjun Luo, Dabo Pan","doi":"10.2174/0115680266387669250509094221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266387669250509094221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>MMP1 (matrix metallopeptidase 1) plays a significant role in the degradation of collagen fibres within the extracellular matrix, and has been linked to a multitude of biological processes, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, periodontal disease, and tumor invasion.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In order to discover inhibitors of MMP1 that originate from the phytochemicals of the dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The herbal constituents of the dandelion were retrieved from the HERB database. A multifaceted approach including molecular docking, MMP1 enzyme assays, and molecular dynamics simulations was used to identify potential MMP1 inhibitors among the chemical compounds present in the dandelion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 61 chemical constituents of the dandelion were collated from the HERB database. A potential MMP1 inhibitor was identified through a combination of molecular docking and an MMP1 enzyme bioactivity assay. Cichoric acid demonstrated pronounced inhibitory activity against MMP1, with an IC50 value of 7.81 ± 2.60 µM. Molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations indicated that the nonpolar interaction energies of LEU181, ARG214, VAL215, HIS218, GLU219, HIS228, PRO238, and SER239 played a primary role in the binding of cichoric acid to MMP1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The integration of molecular modeling and bioactivity testing proved an effective method for the rapid discovery of targeted small molecule inhibitors. Cichoric acid demonstrated potent MMP1 inhibitory activity and thus represented a promising candidate for further development.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative Analysis Reveals Genes Causal Relation with Ovarian Cancer and aging.","authors":"Lanhui Qin, Chongze Yang, Rui Song, Pei-Yin Chen, Zijian Jiang, Weihui Xu, Guanzhen Zeng, Jin-Yuan Liao, Liling Long","doi":"10.2174/0115680266358687250507041056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266358687250507041056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exploring the correlation between ovarian cancer and aging has great significance for understanding the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer and formulating targeted therapeutic regimens.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This computational study aims to identify and validate key genes in monocyte subtypes related to ovarian cancer and aging, exploring potential causal relationships.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We collected single-cell RNA sequencing data (GSE157007, GSE184880), GWAS data (14,049 samples and 40,941 controls from a European population), and eQTL data of ovarian cancer and aging. Using R software packages like Seurat and singleR, we conducted data integration, quality control, cell classification, and differential gene expression analysis to identify intersecting monocyte subtype genes in ovarian cancer and aging. We employed summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) analysis and Heterogeneity in Dependent Instruments (HEIDI) tests to pinpoint causal genes. Further single-cell functional analyses (gene switching, cell communication, metabolic pathway analysis), Bulk RNA sequencing validation, functional enrichment, and protein- protein interaction (PPI) analyses elucidated these genes' biological roles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The dataset included 123,280 cells, revealing differential gene expression in classical monocytes (104 genes), intermediate monocytes (43 genes), and myeloid dendritic cells (39 genes). SMR and HEIDI identified causal relationships for 7 genes in classical monocytes, 3 in intermediate monocytes, and 3 in myeloid dendritic cells with ovarian cancer. Bulk RNA seq validation confirmed six monocyte genes as causal in ovarian cancer and aging. TREM1, SERPINB2, and CD44 were upregulated, while DST was downregulated; SLC11A1 and PNRC1 showed contradictory patterns. Interactions with NK and T cells involved LGALS9 - CD44/45 receptors. Riboflavin metabolism was a common enriched pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified six specific monocyte genes as potential therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer and aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming Breast Cancer Therapy: The Pivotal Role of Nanoparticles.","authors":"Lalit Kumar, Ritesh Rana, Isha Singh, Neelam Sharma, Vikas Aggarwal, Nisha Gupta, Vuluchala Jyothiraditya","doi":"10.2174/0115680266354524250424162638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266354524250424162638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Globally, breast cancer (BC) affects a greater number of women than any other kind of cancer, and it is the second leading cause of death after lung cancer. The current standard of care for cancer treatment is the surgical excision of the malignant tumor followed by adjuvant therapy with chemotherapy or radiation. Regrettably, the side effects of radiation and chemotherapy frequently cause harm to healthy tissues and organs, hence limiting the effectiveness of these treatments in addressing BC. Recently, various nanoparticles (NPs) have been discovered and manufactured with the capacity to selectively target cancerous cells while minimizing harm to normal cells or organs. As a result, the utilization of NPs-mediated targeted drug delivery systems (DDS) has emerged as a promising method for treating BC.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The primary aim of this review was to provide a concise overview of the function of different nanoparticles in the specific delivery of anticancer medications to eradicate breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present review paper performed a literature inspection using several search engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In addition to their ability to selectively target tumor cells and minimize side effects, nanoparticles (NPs) possess other distinctive characteristics that make them highly desirable for cancer treatment. These include low toxicity, excellent compatibility, ease of preparation, high photoluminescence for in vivo bioimaging, and the capacity to efficiently load drugs due to their adjustable surface functionalities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides a comprehensive examination of recent therapeutic studies that utilize various nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery systems as alternatives to established therapy techniques for breast cancer. This study will elucidate the importance of nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery systems (DDS) and provide a roadmap for identifying the optimal approach for future targeted drug delivery, specifically for the treatment of breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143984944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization, Preparation, and Cytotoxic Potential of Pyrus communis Extract Loaded Ethosomes on Skin Cancer Cell Lines.","authors":"Kiran Kangra, Vandana Garg, Anju Dhiman, Rohit Dutt","doi":"10.2174/0115680266349097250418135927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266349097250418135927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers globally and is considered a serious public health problem associated with high death rates. The current therapeutic regimes for skin cancer are limited by their low bioavailability, generation of resistance, or adverse side effects. Many fruit extract-based nutraceuticals hold potential as topical treatment methods. Pyrus communis (Pear) fruit extract is a rich source of cholinergic acid, presently used as therapy for various skin diseases. Thus, it qualifies as a promising candidate for skin cancer treatment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the study is to evaluate the cytotoxicity of Pyrus communis extract entrapped in ethosomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, Pyrus communis fruit extract was formulated in ethosomes using the hot method and optimized using central composite design. The optimized ethosomes were characterized in vitro for particle size distribution, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, morphology, and particle stability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preliminary phytochemical screening results suggest that PCHE contains a significant amount of phenolic compounds compared to other extracts (PCEA and PCAE). The presence of these phenolic compounds contributes to the strong antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of PCHE, which are observed in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis through GC-MS has identified chlorogenic acid, arbutin, ursolic acid, quercetin, and epicatechin are present in PCHE. Based on the initial testing of the extracts, PCHE was chosen for the preparation of ethosomes. The optimized ethosomes were found to have a particle size of 699 nm and a zeta potential of -16.07. Transmission Electron Microscopy illustrated a closed, spherically symmetrical structure of the ethosomes. Additionally, the Franz diffusion cell analysis for percutaneous absorption using egg membrane indicated a steady-state flux of the drug from the ethosomes. The formulation's cytotoxicity potential was assessed using the epidermoid carcinoma cell line (A431) through the MTT assay. The results show that the ethosome formulations exhibit cytotoxic activity better than PCHE extract. 1 Conclusion: In sum, the result of this study clearly points out that Pyrus communis extract entrapped in ethosomes, prepared by hot method, displayed a cytotoxic potential against skin cancer cell lines. This ethosomal formulation can be harnessed for skin cancer therapy through further mechanistic analysis and animal studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Trends in Drug Discovery Based on Artificial Intelligence and Computer-aided Drug Design: Part II.","authors":"Igor José Dos Santos Nascimento","doi":"10.2174/0115680266409269250430060426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266409269250430060426","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the Pivotal Neuroprotective Mechanisms and Therapeutic Variants of Erythropoietin in Neonatal Brain Injury.","authors":"Seidu A Richard","doi":"10.2174/0115680266372339250418052436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266372339250418052436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neonatal brain injury (NBI) encompasses a variety of neurological acquired conditions affecting newborns. These conditions include hypoxia-ischemia, hyperoxic, periventricular leukomalacia, intrauterine infection, as well as perinatal cerebral hemorrhage. Each year, thousands of babies are born with signs of brain injury. It is estimated that two-thirds of these newborn infants with brain injury would either die or survive with mild to severe neurologic sequelae, largely due to the absence of no widely accepted treatment methods. Erythropoietin (Epo) is a humoral intermediary associated with the maturation as well as the proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells. Systematic administration of Epo triggers the elevation of Epo levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) extracts, which means that Epo is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier into the CSF. It has been reported that Epo treatment enhances the brain's network connectivity, improving local information transmission and promoting a shift toward a more integrated and consistent network architecture. This, in turn, augments both local and global connectivity efficiency. Exogenous Epo was found to be capable of regulating neurogenesis. Moreover, Epo was also reported to be associated with the inhibition of demyelination of axons, as well as the production of myelin-derived inhibitory proteins, which are inhibitory factors involved in axonal extension. Administration of recombinant human erythropoietin in neonatal rats provided neuroprotection against hyperoxiainduced oxidative stress. Furthermore, Epo administration during the neonatal period was shown to reverse molecular alterations associated with impaired development of the potassium-chloride cotransporter isoform 2 (KCC2), as well as deficits related to preterm birth during the postnatal period. Moreover, Epo was capable of blocking microglial stimulation, decreasing phagocytosis in vitro, as well as inhibiting the generation of inflammatory cytokines in vitro as well as in vivo. Thus, Epo via EpoR is able to influence brain connectivity, synaptogenesis, neurite repair, oxygeninduced brain injury, potassium chloride co-transporters, and inflammation via key signaling pathways to induce therapeutic as well as neuroprotection in NBI. Thus, Epo is a very promising neuroprotective as well as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of NBI. This review aimed to explore the neuroprotective and therapeutic mechanisms of Epo in NBI, as well as the potential of Epo variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143981073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Synthetic Advancement and Medicinal Applications of Asymmetric Cyclic Pyrazoline-based Hydrazine Derivatives: A Review.","authors":"Dattatraya Raut, Dnyandev Bhosale, Raghunath Bhosale, Anjana Lawand, Mahesh Hublikar","doi":"10.2174/0115680266374814250422053723","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115680266374814250422053723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemistry research focuses on reducing energy and minimizing harmful byproducts. Pyrazoline and its derivatives have various pharmacological properties. This study aims to compile procedures for creating pyrazoline scaffolds from academic articles and online resources, such as Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, Research Gate and libraries, aiming to minimize environmental and human health impacts. The primary objective is to determine the structural modifications and chemical groups that enhance their bioactivity, low toxicity, and handling. Furthermore, the review explores the bioavailability, synthetic challenges, and progress made in utilising pyrazoline derivatives in pharmaceutical and synthetic organic chemistry. The only goal is to provide insight into the creation of pyrazoline hybrid molecules that are very effective and less hazardous.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing 1,4-Dihydropyridines-Based Multitarget Therapeutics: Recent Advances and Future Directions.","authors":"Aditi Soni, Monika Sharma, Rajesh K Singh","doi":"10.2174/0115680266375345250414050338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266375345250414050338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>1,4-Dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) serve as versatile scaffolds in medicinal chemistry, exhibiting multitarget potential with anticancer, cardiovascular, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, and analgesic effects. Structural modifications enhance their binding affinity, bioavailability, and selectivity.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This review aims to explore the broad therapeutic potential of 1,4-DHPs by analyzing their biological activities and structure-activity relationships (SAR). Additionally, it seeks to provide medicinal chemists with insights into key structural modifications that can optimize their pharmacological efficacy.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, and Google Scholar, prioritizing peer-reviewed studies from the last decade. Inclusion criteria focused on pharmacological properties, SAR, and therapeutic potential of 1,4-DHPs, while nonpeer- reviewed or irrelevant studies were excluded. Data extraction analyzed SAR trends, emphasizing the impact of structural modifications on binding affinity, bioavailability, and biological activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review highlights that specific modifications in aromatic substituents, ester groups, and heterocyclic rings play a crucial role in enhancing the biological activity and selectivity of 1,4- DHPs. Their ability to modulate key enzymes and receptors contributes to their effectiveness as multitarget agents. Comparative SAR analysis provides evidence of the potential of 1,4-DHPs as next-generation therapeutics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>1,4-DHPs offer a promising framework for drug development, with the potential to address complex, multifactorial diseases. By understanding and optimizing SAR, medicinal chemists can design more selective and potent 1,4-DHP-based drugs. Future research should focus on refining these structural modifications to unlock their full therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}