Developmental biology最新文献

{"title":"Development of the zebrafish anterior lateral line system is influenced by underlying cranial neural crest","authors":"Vishruth Venkataraman ,&nbsp;Noel H. McGrory ,&nbsp;Theresa J. Christiansen ,&nbsp;Joaquin Navajas Acedo ,&nbsp;Michael I. Coates ,&nbsp;Victoria E. Prince","doi":"10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.05.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.05.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanosensory lateral line system of aquatic vertebrates comprises a superficial network of distributed sensory organs, the neuromasts, which are arranged over the head and trunk and innervated by lateral line nerves to allow detection of changes in water flow and pressure. While the well-studied zebrafish posterior lateral line has emerged as a powerful model to study collective cell migration, far less is known about development of the anterior lateral line, which produces the supraorbital and infraorbital lines around the eye, as well as mandibular and opercular lines over the jaw and cheek. Here we show that normal development of the zebrafish anterior lateral line system from cranial placodes is dependent on another vertebrate-specific cell type, the cranial neural crest. We find that cranial neural crest and anterior lateral lines develop in close proximity, with absence of neural crest cells leading to major disruptions in the overlying anterior lateral line system. Specifically, in the absence of neural crest neither supraorbital nor infraorbital lateral lines fully extend, such that the most anterior cranial regions remain devoid of neuromasts, while supernumerary ectopic neuromasts form in the posterior supraorbital region. Both neural crest and cranial placodes contribute neurons to the lateral line ganglia that innervate the neuromasts and in the absence of neural crest these ganglia, as well as the lateral line afferent nerves, are disrupted. Finally, we establish that as ontogeny proceeds, the most anterior supraorbital neuromasts come to lie within neural crest-derived frontal and nasal bones in the developing cranium. These are the same anterior supraorbital neuromasts that are absent or mislocated in specimens lacking neural crest cells. Together, our results establish that cranial neural crest and cranial placode derivatives function in concert over the course of ontogeny to build the complex cranial lateral line system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11070,"journal":{"name":"Developmental biology","volume":"525 ","pages":"Pages 102-121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A deep learning model for accurate segmentation of the Drosophila melanogaster brain from Micro-CT imaging","authors":"Jacob F. McDaniel ,&nbsp;Mike Marsh ,&nbsp;Todd Schoborg","doi":"10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.05.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.05.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of microcomputed tomography (Micro-CT) for imaging biological samples has burgeoned in the past decade, due to increased access to scanning platforms, ease of operation, and the advance of software platforms that enable accurate microstructure quantification. However, manual data analysis of Micro-CT images can be laborious and time intensive. Deep learning offers the ability to streamline this process but historically has included caveats, such as the need for a large amount of training data, which is often limited in many Micro-CT studies. Here we show that accurate 3D deep learning models can be trained using only 1–3 Micro-CT images of the adult <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> brain using pre-trained neural networks and minimal user knowledge. We further demonstrate the power of our model by showing that it can be expanded to accurately segment the brain across different tissue contrast stains, scanner models, and genotypes. Finally, we show how the model can assist in identifying morphological similarities and differences between mutants based on volumetric quantification, enabling rapid assessment of novel phenotypes. Our models are freely available and can be adapted to individual users’ needs<strong>.</strong></div></div>","PeriodicalId":11070,"journal":{"name":"Developmental biology","volume":"525 ","pages":"Pages 71-78"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric analysis of the postnatally developing marsupial lung: the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica)","authors":"Kirsten Ferner","doi":"10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.05.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.05.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The postnatal lung development of the gray short-tailed opossum (<em>Monodelphis domestica</em>) was investigated to assess the morphofunctional status in this immature born marsupial. Lung volume, surface densities and surface areas, parenchymal (air spaces and septa) and non-parenchymal (airways, blood vessels, connective tissue) volume proportions were determined in Micro-CT images using morphometry. The lung of the neonate was at the canalicular stage and consisted of large terminal air spaces and a rudimentary bronchial tree. The absolute lung volume was only 0.002 cm³ with an air space surface density of 145 cm⁻¹ and a surface area of 0.301 cm². The rapid development of the lung was indicated by an increase in the septal proportion of the parenchyma around day 4. Between day 4 and 7, the lung entered the saccular stage with a reduction in septal thickness and development of a double capillary system. The subsequent saccular period was characterized by repetitive steps of septation, increasing the number of airway generations. Between day 28 and 35 the lung entered the alveolar stage, accompanied by microvascular maturation leading to single capillary septa, resulting in a marked increase in lung volume and surface area. The lung of the newborn <em>Monodelphis domestica</em> is structurally and quantitatively sufficiently developed to meet the respiratory requirements of the small neonate, however, supported by cutaneous respiration during the first postnatal days. The lung has to mature rapidly in the postnatal period to support the increasing metabolic requirements of the developing young.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11070,"journal":{"name":"Developmental biology","volume":"525 ","pages":"Pages 44-57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aguinaldo et al. (1997) and the birth of Evo/Devo","authors":"David Weisblat","doi":"10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.05.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.05.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work by Aguinaldo and colleagues is foundational for the modern field of Evo-Devo in multiple respects. 1) By using DNA sequence comparisons to reconstruct animal phylogeny, they broke free of the inescapably circular logic inherent in more than 100 years’ worth of efforts in which morphological comparisons were used to build trees that were then used to interpret morphological comparisons. 2) By intentionally choosing slowly evolving sequences, they avoided the pitfalls of long branch attraction. 3) As a result, they began to unveil the previously unappreciated extent of evolutionary developmental plasticity, rejecting the Articulata Hypothesis and establishing the Ecdysozoa as a protostome superphylum including nematodes, arthropods and allied molting taxa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11070,"journal":{"name":"Developmental biology","volume":"525 ","pages":"Pages 79-82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opposing effects between retinoic acid and Fibroblast growth factor in patterning the common crus and semicircular canals of the inner ear","authors":"Weise Chang,&nbsp;John Hopper,&nbsp;Doris K. Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.05.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.05.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The three orthogonally arranged semicircular canals and their sensory organs, cristae, of the inner ear are responsible for detecting angular head movements. A main functional component of this vestibular apparatus is the evolutionarily conserved unit of the anterior and posterior canals joined by a central stalk, the common crus. A resorption process (removal of epithelial cells) carves out these three connecting structures from an epithelial outpocket of the developing otic vesicle known as the vertical canal pouch. While molecules such as Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) and Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) emanating from the prospective sensory cristae and the rim of the canal pouch, counteract with the resorption process to form the canals, it is not known if there is an independent mechanism that mediates common crus formation. Here, we show that genes encoding retinoic acid (RA) synthesizing enzymes, <em>Aldh1a2</em> and <em>Aldh1a3,</em> are expressed in the presumptive common crus region of the canal pouch. Blocking endogenous RA activity abolishes common crus formation. Endogenous RA may mediate common crus formation by limiting proliferation of the peri-otic mesenchyme at the prospective common crus region and thus counteracting the resorption process. Additionally, RA and FGF antagonize each other in patterning the common crus and canals, respectively. Ectopic FGF2 downregulates <em>Aldh1a2</em> expression in the common crus, whereas <em>Bmp2</em>, required for canal formation, may be an intermediate which is co-regulated by RA and FGF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11070,"journal":{"name":"Developmental biology","volume":"525 ","pages":"Pages 83-92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limb motility and ambulation as mechanical cues in postnatal murine tendon development","authors":"Yuna Usami ,&nbsp;Xi Jiang ,&nbsp;Nathaniel A. Dyment ,&nbsp;Takanori Kokubun","doi":"10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.05.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.05.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The musculoskeletal system provides structural stability and coordination to enable movement. Tendons have the essential role of efficiently transmitting force generated from muscle contraction to bone for ambulation. In doing so, they resist high mechanical loads. Muscle contraction during embryonic development is required for continued tendon growth and differentiation. Defining the types and magnitudes of loads that act on tendons during the early postnatal periods is quite difficult. This study aimed to reveal whether limb motility and spontaneous physical behaviors in the postnatal phase work as mechanical cues for tendon development, leading to mechanobiological phenomena during postnatal phases in the murine model. Neonatal mice showed gradual limb motility, rollover function, and ambulation patterns during early postnatal phases. Tendons showed lengthening, decreasing the cell density and nuclear roundness concurrently. <em>Scx</em> and <em>Tnmd</em> gene expression showed a tendency to increase with time as well. This study presented a comprehensive time course of limb movement and ambulation with corresponding tendon growth during the postnatal phase. Our chronological analysis of the relationship between changing limb loading and tendon development provides a foundation for future work focused on mechanobiology in tendon development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11070,"journal":{"name":"Developmental biology","volume":"525 ","pages":"Pages 130-138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical and molecular insights into avian inner ear sensory hair cell regeneration","authors":"Lyn S. Miranda Portillo ,&nbsp;Austin P. Huang ,&nbsp;Ishwar V. Hosamani ,&nbsp;Celeste N. Sanchez ,&nbsp;Stefan Heller ,&nbsp;Nesrine Benkafadar","doi":"10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.05.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.05.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inner ear sensory hair cells are essential for auditory and vestibular functions. In mammals, loss of these cells leads to permanent hearing loss due to the inability of supporting cells to regenerate hair cells. In contrast, avian species exhibit a remarkable capacity for hair cell regeneration, primarily through the activation and proliferation of supporting cells. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the anatomical and molecular mechanisms underlying sensory hair cell regeneration in two critical avian inner ear structures: the basilar papilla and the utricle. We describe the structural and functional differences between avian and mammalian inner ear epithelia and highlight how these distinctions correlate with regenerative capabilities. Specifically, we discuss two distinct regenerative mechanisms — mitotic regeneration and direct transdifferentiation — employed by avian supporting cells in response to hair cell loss. We also explore how epithelial organization influences regenerative responses, including cellular density, cytoskeletal dynamics such as circumferential filamentous actin bands, and mechanical properties like tissue jamming and unjamming states. Additionally, we examine molecular pathways such as Hippo signaling, which mediates mechanical cues critical for regulating supporting cell proliferation and differentiation during regeneration. Recent advancements in single-cell -omics technologies have further elucidated molecular signatures and signaling pathways involved in these processes, offering novel insights that may inform therapeutic strategies aimed at inducing hair cell regeneration in mammals. This review highlights key anatomical and molecular concepts derived from avian models that hold promise for overcoming regenerative limitations in mammalian inner ears, paving the way for innovative treatments for hearing loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11070,"journal":{"name":"Developmental biology","volume":"525 ","pages":"Pages 13-25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two waves of adipogenesis in developing avian skin and dermal plasticity","authors":"Kuang-Ling Ou ,&nbsp;Chih-Han Huang ,&nbsp;Stephanie Tsai ,&nbsp;Masafumi Inaba ,&nbsp;Ting-Xin Jiang ,&nbsp;Cheng-Ming Chuong","doi":"10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.05.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.05.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How the complex architecture of skin is constructed, balancing both similarity and adaptive diversity, is not well understood. We propose that the developmental assembly of skin components, including skin appendages, dermal muscles, dermal adipose tissues, and vasculature, is interdependent and adaptive, enabling different species to adjust to their respective environments. Using the developing chicken skin model, we recently demonstrated that the intradermal muscle network and vasculature are organized with feather buds as reference points during the process of adaptive tissue patterning. In this study, we investigate the development of adipose tissue in the avian skin and compare them in different avian species (chicken, quail, duck). Avian skin contains two types of adipose tissue: subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SWAT) is skin associate adipose tissue located in subcutaneous layer, while dermal white adipose tissue (DWAT) consists of a layer of adipocytes within the dermis. Using elastin to distinguish dermal and subcutaneous layers, we observed two distinct waves of adipogenesis, shown by Oil Red O staining. The first wave, representing SWAT, begins around chicken embryonic day 14 (E14) from the posterior dorsal region. These adipocyte clusters are aligned with vasculatures. The second wave, representing DWAT, starts around E16, from the body midline where feather buds are more mature and starts to form smooth muscle network. DWAT adipocytes appear around feather follicles and align with the intradermal smooth muscle network, forming a grid pattern. The association between DWAT and dermal muscle was further explored. Some SMA-positive cells show co-expression of early adipocyte markers, suggesting a shared lineage. Lineage tracing using SMA-Cre revealed that some SMA + cells in developing skin can give rise to adipocytes, shown by co-staining with the C/EBPα antibody. To explore differences of adipose tissues in birds living in different environments, we examined aquatic bird duck. In the duck, the first wave of SWAT appears in embryonic development from both scapular and femoral regions, while the second wave of DWAT also starts from the midline, surrounding feather follicles. Both waves are significantly more abundant in ducks, reflecting the adaptation in the duck skin. These findings suggest developmental relationships among tissue components in the skin—such as feathers, fat, vasculature, and dermal smooth muscle—are interconnected and adaptive, setting up the foundation for further investigation on regulatory mechanisms of dermal plasticity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11070,"journal":{"name":"Developmental biology","volume":"525 ","pages":"Pages 58-70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes posterior axial regeneration in non-regenerative tissue of the annelid Capitella teleta","authors":"Lauren F. Kunselman,&nbsp;Elaine C. Seaver","doi":"10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.05.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.05.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To rescue regeneration, the mechanisms underlying regeneration failure must be identified and overcome. In the annelid <em>Capitella teleta</em>, a transverse cut triggers asymmetric responses across the amputation plane: head fragments regenerate the tail, but tail fragments do not regenerate. We compare regeneration of head fragments (successful regeneration) to that of tail fragments (unsuccessful regeneration) using cell proliferation assays, immunolabeling, and <em>in situ</em> hybridization. Surprisingly, following amputation, a dynamic response of the nervous system occurs in the non-regenerating tail fragments of <em>C. teleta</em> that has not previously been described in annelids. Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a conserved role in patterning the primary axis of some bilaterians during regeneration, but this role has never been demonstrated in annelids. Wnt/β-catenin pathway components are expressed in the blastema of head fragments but not at the cut site of tail fragments in <em>C. teleta</em>. Experimental activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling following amputation of tail fragments (24–72 h post amputation) induces expression of stem cell markers, increases cell division at the wound site, and produces differentiated muscle and hindgut. Furthermore, activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling induces ectopic posterior identity at the amputation site, as it does in other bilaterians. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling does not rescue head regeneration. Our results indicate that <em>C. teleta</em> tail fragments have latent regenerative potential that is activated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling. However, the incomplete regenerative response suggests that additional cell signaling pathways are required for this complex process. Comparing tissues with different regenerative abilities elucidates the mechanisms underlying regeneration regulation, thereby enabling the prospect of rescuing or increasing regeneration ability in regeneration-deficient tissues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11070,"journal":{"name":"Developmental biology","volume":"525 ","pages":"Pages 26-43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zebrafish Kelch-like family member 4 is required for vasculogenesis and hematopoiesis","authors":"Kaitlin Ferrari,&nbsp;Suman Gurung,&nbsp;Luiza N. Loges,&nbsp;Surya Prakash Rao Batta,&nbsp;Myles A. Hammond,&nbsp;Martyna Griciunaite,&nbsp;Ricardo DeMoya,&nbsp;Nicole K. Restrepo,&nbsp;Saulius Sumanas","doi":"10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.05.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.05.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molecular mechanisms regulating vascular development and hematopoiesis are still incompletely understood. The KLHL (Kelch-like) family of proteins function as adapters to target proteins for ubiquitination. However, their role in vascular development has not been previously analyzed. Here we have characterized a novel regulator of vascular development, <em>kelch-like family member 4</em> (<em>klhl4</em>) in zebrafish. We show that zebrafish <em>klhl4</em> is expressed in early vascular endothelial and hematopoietic progenitors, while its expression is restricted to vascular endothelial cells during later developmental stages. To determine the functional role of <em>klhl4</em>, we generated loss-of-function zebrafish mutants using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. <em>klhl4</em> mutant embryos were viable, yet they exhibited delayed sprouting of intersegmental vessels (ISVs), which correlated with reduced expression of vascular endothelial and erythroid specific molecular markers. Time-lapse imaging showed that vascular endothelial and hematopoietic progenitor cells exhibit delayed migration towards the midline and undergo increased apoptosis and reduced proliferation in <em>klhl4</em> mutants. Expression of <em>npas4l</em> and <em>etv2/etsrp,</em> two master regulators of endothelial and hematopoietic development, was reduced in <em>klhl4</em> mutants, suggesting that some vascular defects could be caused by the reduction of <em>npas4l</em> and <em>etv2</em> expression. However, <em>npas4l</em> or <em>etv2</em> overexpression failed to rescue ISV sprouting defects in <em>klhl4</em> mutants, suggesting that <em>klhl4</em> may promote vasculogenesis by additional mechanisms. In summary, our findings demonstrate a novel role for zebrafish <em>klhl4</em> in regulating vascular endothelial and hematopoietic development during embryogenesis. Because the Klhl4 protein sequence is highly conserved between different vertebrates, it is likely that it may play a similar role in other organisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11070,"journal":{"name":"Developmental biology","volume":"525 ","pages":"Pages 1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}