Justine W Welsh, Snehaa D Krishnan, Andrew Terranella
{"title":"Prevention and Management of Opioid use Disorder and Overdose in Adolescents and Young Adults.","authors":"Justine W Welsh, Snehaa D Krishnan, Andrew Terranella","doi":"10.1007/s11920-025-01638-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-025-01638-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Despite more recent declines in opioid overdose deaths, opioid use among adolescents and young adults (AYA) continues to be a significant public health crisis in the U.S., contributing to various adverse health outcomes. We summarized peer-reviewed literature on the prevalence, risk factors, treatment options, and barriers to evidence-based care for AYA with opioid misuse and opioid use disorder (OUD).</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Despite the significant need, treatment access for OUD among AYA is low, with limited utilization of evidence-based practices including medications for OUD (MOUD). Primary barriers to effective treatment include inadequate healthcare provider training, a shortage of specialized facilities, prevalent stigma towards treatment, and prohibitive costs. Furthermore, greater naloxone distribution is necessary to reduce overdose deaths in this population. Comprehensive efforts to enhance MOUD accessibility, integrate behavioral interventions, reduce stigma, and support ongoing research into effective AYA-specific strategies are needed to address this national crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":" ","pages":"660-670"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145039491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sexual Abuse in Correctional Facilities.","authors":"Carly M Hilinski-Rosick","doi":"10.1007/s11920-025-01637-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-025-01637-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review provides an overview of sexual abuse in correctional facilities, including victimization rates, reporting rates, common victims and offenders, and prevention efforts RECENT FINDINGS: There is disagreement about the cause of rape and sexual assault among men and women who are incarcerated. Some explanations argue that it is a manifestation of power and control while others argue it is a result of deprivation. Research has not isolated one specific explanation. Women tend to be victimized by correctional officers and people who are transgender are often victimized by other incarcerated people. Prevention efforts have been ineffective even through prisons are required, by law, to implement principles from the Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) Correctional facility sexual abuse is rampant and often goes unreported. Incarcerated individuals who are victimized are often fearful of retaliation, not being believed, and embarrassed. When they do report, however, very few incidents are substantiated. Prevention efforts are lackluster and do not adequately prevent rape and sexual assault inside correctional facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":" ","pages":"653-659"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Food and Mood: Current Evidence on Mental Health and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis.","authors":"Meroë B Morse, Bianca Garcia","doi":"10.1007/s11920-025-01636-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-025-01636-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Depression and anxiety are among the most common global mental health conditions. Emerging research highlights the impact of diet and the gut microbiome on the nervous system and mood. We review and discuss the existing research on the effects of various diets-including high-fiber, fermented, ketogenic, and calorie-restricted diets-alongside the roles of prebiotics and probiotics, on anxiety and depression.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>While mostly observational, mounting data from randomized controlled trials support the idea that dietary modification can improve mental health outcomes by altering gut microbial composition and activity. The efficacy of supplements and probiotics in mood outcomes is conflicting. Additional research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms that link diet, the gut microbiome, and mental health. Overall, findings suggest that dietary modifications are feasible and beneficial in mild cases of anxiety and depression. This review explores the bidirectional relationship between diet, gut microbiome, and mood disorders. Various diets are discussed, and their respective impact on mental health is reviewed. Challenges in food and mood research remain due to variability in research practices. Additional studies are needed to further explore the role of nutrition in optimizing mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":" ","pages":"632-641"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Children, Disasters, and Place Attachment: A Contemporary Framework for Understanding Crisis in Context.","authors":"Amethyst Freibott-Kalt, Xin Jiang, Ashley Rose, Joshua Cathcart, Emily-Marie Pacheco","doi":"10.1007/s11920-025-01634-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-025-01634-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This article critically examines the disaster literature from the past three years (2022-2025) to evaluate the relationship between place attachment and children's experience of disaster response and recovery.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Place attachment offers a systematic lens through which we comprehensively map our understanding of the factors that shape, and are shaped by, lived experience of disaster amongst children. We outline why specific consideration of children's health and wellbeing is significant through this lens, and further consider place attachment in relation to factors identified across relevant bodies of literature. Findings are synthesized across three interdependent, cyclical dimensions: (1) disaster context, including type, location, infrastructure, and planning, (2) children's holistic experiences of place attachment, including emotional, physical, cultural, and identity-based connections; and (3) disaster outcomes such as displacement, recovery, and rebuilding. We propose suggestions for future research, particularly emphasizing the need for an expanded evidence-based, conceptual framework that builds on the model presented in this paper.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":" ","pages":"613-621"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12507932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maryam Rassouli, Houman Farzin, Aga Kehinde, Hadis Ashrafizadeh
{"title":"Integrative Oncology and Palliative Care in Iran: Mind, Body, Religion, and Spirituality.","authors":"Maryam Rassouli, Houman Farzin, Aga Kehinde, Hadis Ashrafizadeh","doi":"10.1007/s11920-025-01640-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-025-01640-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This narrative review critically examines the role of integrative oncology interventions, mind-body, spirituality, and religion-informed therapies, embedded within palliative care practices in Iran from 2021 to 2024.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Quantitative studies reveal that mindfulness-based stress reduction, cognitive hypnotherapy, and spiritual therapies grounded in Quranic recitation significantly reduce pain, anxiety, and depression, while enhancing QOL and resilience. Qualitative research highlights persistent unmet spiritual needs related to meaning, hope, and social support. Small sample sizes, short follow-up, urban-centric studies, lack of consensus on spiritual-care definitions, and provider skepticism impede generalizability and implementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Strengthening methodological rigor, developing culturally tailored evidence-based protocols, and fostering collaboration between palliative care clinicians and integrative oncology providers are imperative to advance holistic cancer care in Iran. Policy support and provider education will accelerate practice integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":" ","pages":"642-652"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mass Trauma in Children: Expanding the Concept of Exposure in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Betty Pfefferbaum","doi":"10.1007/s11920-025-01635-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-025-01635-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review examined the concept of exposure in children in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Recognizing the varied effects of the pandemic on children across a range of experiences, the review departed from the frequently-used analytic framework based on the stressor criterion for a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>In addition to the more traditional types of exposure such as personal infection, illness or death of loved ones, and the experiences of children whose parents were essential workers, the review identified experiences among children in the general population as they adjusted to public health mandates, consumed pandemic media coverage, and dealt with the many changes in their daily lives.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While many COVID-19 experiences would not qualify as exposure for a diagnosis of PTSD, the research recognizes the importance of these experiences and their influence on various outcomes in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":" ","pages":"622-631"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christine J So, Courtney J Bolstad, Katherine E Miller
{"title":"Status of Imagery Rehearsal Therapy and Other Interventions for Nightmare Treatment in PTSD.","authors":"Christine J So, Courtney J Bolstad, Katherine E Miller","doi":"10.1007/s11920-025-01639-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-025-01639-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>We review the recent published literature on nightmare-focused interventions, including imagery rehearsal therapy, for trauma-exposed adult populations.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT) and prazosin remain the most supported treatments, though results vary across studies. New consensus guidelines have led to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Nightmares (CBT-N), which integrates rescripting, exposure, and sleep strategies. Digital self-management, brief coaching-support, and tools like lucid dreaming or targeted memory reactivation show promise. Integrated and sequenced approaches with PTSD or insomnia treatments may improve outcomes, though evidence remains mixed. While trauma-focused treatments reduce PTSD symptoms, nightmares may persist without targeted care. Standardized CBT-based approaches, consistent outcome measurement, and studies on mechanisms and sequencing are needed to optimize and expand access to nightmare treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":" ","pages":"671-678"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lindsay G Lebin, Katherine C Wu, Olivia Pointer, Erin Baurle
{"title":"Psychiatric Considerations in Breast Cancer: an Integrative Review.","authors":"Lindsay G Lebin, Katherine C Wu, Olivia Pointer, Erin Baurle","doi":"10.1007/s11920-025-01644-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-025-01644-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To synthesize recent evidence on psychiatric considerations in breast cancer care, focusing on care delivery, psychotherapy, and medication management.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Distress and psychiatric disorders are common across the breast cancer continuum. Effective care models integrate mental health professionals into oncology settings and leverage telehealth and digital interventions. While multiple psychotherapeutic approaches are beneficial, optimal interventions for specific psychosocial concerns remain unclear. Clinical guidelines caution against combining tamoxifen with strong CYP2D6 inhibitors, though recent evidence challenges the clinical significance of this concern. Benzodiazepines can be used for chemotherapy-related side effects, including nausea and insomnia, though are associated with risk of prolonged use. Psychiatric symptoms are prevalent in breast cancer, impacting health outcomes and quality of life. Routine mental health monitoring and evidence-based psychiatric interventions are integral to care. Further research is needed to refine psychiatric care delivery and optimize interventions across all treatment phases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145250205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Changes in Child and Youth Mental Health Following the Return To In-Person Learning Post-COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Erika Felix, Jennifer Greif Green","doi":"10.1007/s11920-025-01642-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-025-01642-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Changes in youth mental health during the pandemic have been well documented globally, but research on how mental health changed when schools returned to in-person learning is just emerging. This review summarizes the available global research on child and youth mental health following school reopening for in-person learning.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Results varied by the mental health indicator being assessed and by subgroups of children and youth, with age-related differences, and possible gender-related influences. Some modifiable risk and protective factors examined included time spent on homework; internet and social media use; physical activity; communication/conflict with others; optimism; social relationships with family, teacher and peers; parental mental health; and inconsistent discipline. Some youth fared better when schools reopened in-person, but for others mental health challenges persisted. Mental health services shifted during the height of the pandemic, and some supports are no longer available. Continued monitoring is needed to help with recovery and resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christina E Wierenga, Carina S Brown, Erin E Reilly
{"title":"Reinforcement Learning and Decision Making in Anorexia Nervosa.","authors":"Christina E Wierenga, Carina S Brown, Erin E Reilly","doi":"10.1007/s11920-025-01643-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-025-01643-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>We review recent literature on instrumental reinforcement learning involving decision-making in anorexia nervosa (AN) to understand mechanisms underlying symptoms of AN, such as rigid pursuit of weight loss despite negative consequences.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Relatively consistent findings indicate worse reward- and punishment-based feedback learning in the ill and weight-recovered states that is not observed in remitted samples. Initial studies suggest decreased goal-directed learning in AN, although this needs replication. Similarly, research is needed to clarify mixed findings related to learning under changing rules and the role of fear versus avoidance learning in AN. Growing evidence supports altered reinforcement learning in AN. Most studies examined the impact of outcome valence, changing rules, and habitual vs goal-directed control on learning. Computational modeling approaches can provide nuanced characterization of cognitive processes related to reinforcement learning and contribute to precision medicine efforts that may improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}