Khrystyna Stetsiv, Ian A McNamara, Melissa Nance, Ryan W Carpenter
{"title":"The Co-occurrence of Personality Disorders and Substance Use Disorders.","authors":"Khrystyna Stetsiv, Ian A McNamara, Melissa Nance, Ryan W Carpenter","doi":"10.1007/s11920-023-01452-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-023-01452-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Despite significant negative outcomes, the co-occurrence of personality disorders (PDs) and substance use disorders (SUDs) continues to be underrecognized, and the mechanisms contributing to this co-occurrence remain unclear. This review summarizes recent work on PD-SUD co-occurrence, with a focus on borderline and antisocial PDs, general substance use patterns among those with PDs, and the association of personality traits with SUDs.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The prevalence of co-occurring PD-SUD is generally high, with estimates ranging depending on the type of PD and SUD, the population assessed, and the sampling methods and measures used. Current theoretical explanations for co-occurrence include shared etiology and predisposition models, with research highlighting the importance of transactional processes. Potential underlying mechanisms include personality traits and transdiagnostic characteristics. Recent research has increased focus on substances besides alcohol, dimensional models of personality pathology, and transactional explanations of co-occurrence, but more research is needed to disentangle the nuanced PD-SUD relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10798162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41118099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characteristics of Single vs. Multiple Suicide Attempters Among Adult Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Sofía Abascal-Peiró, Adrián Alacreu-Crespo, Inmaculada Peñuelas-Calvo, Jorge López-Castromán, Alejandro Porras-Segovia","doi":"10.1007/s11920-023-01461-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-023-01461-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>We aimed to examine the factors that differentiate single and multiple suicide attempters in adult population. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to conduct this review and meta-analysis. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO. We carried out a systematic literature search in three databases to identify original studies that explored the differences between single and multiple suicide attempters among adult population.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>There might be meaningful differences between those individuals that attempt suicide once in their lifespan and those who make multiple attempts in terms of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. There are no previous meta-analysis addressing this topic in the adult population. A total of 75 studies were included in the review and 69 were included in the meta-analysis. Multiple attempters were more likely to present certain disorders such as mood and psychotic disorders, as well as personality or substance use disorders. Higher suicide ideation and suicide intent scores also characterized this group. Childhood trauma experiences, stressful life events, and higher rates of hopelessness were statistically significant in multiple attempters. Identifying the factors predicting multiple suicide attempts helps to delineate a high-risk suicidal profile that should be taken into account in the clinical and suicide prevention scenario.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41115650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erlend Lane, Jessica D'Arcey, Sean Kidd, Henry Onyeaka, Noy Alon, Devayani Joshi, John Torous
{"title":"Digital Phenotyping in Adults with Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Erlend Lane, Jessica D'Arcey, Sean Kidd, Henry Onyeaka, Noy Alon, Devayani Joshi, John Torous","doi":"10.1007/s11920-023-01467-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-023-01467-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>As care for older adult patients with schizophrenia lacks innovation, technology can help advance the field. Specifically, digital phenotyping, the real-time monitoring of patients' behaviors through smartphone sensors and symptoms through surveys, holds promise as the method can capture the dynamicity and environmental correlates of disease.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Few studies have used digital phenotyping to elucidate adult patients' experiences with schizophrenia. In this narrative review, we summarized the literature using digital phenotyping on adults with schizophrenia. No study focused solely on older adult patients. Studies including all adult patients were heterogeneous in measures used, duration, and outcomes. Despite limited research, digital phenotyping shows potential for monitoring outcomes such as negative, positive, and functional symptoms, as well as predicting relapse. Future research should work to target the symptomology persistent in chronic schizophrenia and ensure all patients have the digital literacy required to benefit from digital interventions and homogenize datasets to allow for more robust conclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49675432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emanuele Preti, Juliette Richetin, Anita Poggi, Eric Fertuck
{"title":"A Model of Trust Processes in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Emanuele Preti, Juliette Richetin, Anita Poggi, Eric Fertuck","doi":"10.1007/s11920-023-01468-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-023-01468-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Unstable relationships are a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Impairments in trust processes (i.e., appraisal and learning regarding others' trustworthiness) can subserve interpersonal problems associated with BPD, but the determinants, mechanisms, consequences, and variations in trust impairments among individuals with BPD remain poorly characterized. Thus, a better understanding of such impairments could help target interventions that address the interpersonal problems of individuals with BPD beyond emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, and aggression.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>We conducted a pre-registered systematic review of empirical studies on trust processes and BPD features (k = 29). Results are organized around a heuristic model of trust processes in BPD comprising the following stages: developmental factors, prior beliefs and dispositions, situation perception, emotional states, trust appraisal, behavioral manifestations, and trust learning. Based on the synthesis of the findings, we recommended directions for future research and clinical assessment and intervention, such as managing trust during the early stages of therapy and considering improvements in trust processes as a central mechanism of change in treating individuals with BPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10654201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54228187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emmanuel Olarewaju, Guillaume Dumas, Lena Palaniyappan
{"title":"Disorganized Communication and Social Dysfunction in Schizophrenia: Emerging Concepts and Methods.","authors":"Emmanuel Olarewaju, Guillaume Dumas, Lena Palaniyappan","doi":"10.1007/s11920-023-01462-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-023-01462-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>In this review, we embrace the emerging field of second-person neuroscience to address disorganization in schizophrenia. We argue that the focus of interest for disorganization is the interpersonal space where shared mental processes ('social mind') occur based on the bio-behavioural synchrony between two (or more) interacting people. We lay out several bio-behavioural measures that can capture the component parts of this process. In particular, we highlight the real-time imaging technology of hyperscanning that enables multi-person analysis of naturalistic social interaction. We illustrate how these measures can be used in empirical studies by posing disorganization as a problem of interpersonal processing.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Traditionally, disorganized speech and behaviour have been studied as the product of hidden cognitive processes ('private mind'). A dysfunction in these processes was attributed to the brain afflicted by the illness ('brain-bound mechanisms'). But this approach has contributed to challenges in measuring and quantifying disorganization. Consequently, the single-brain focus has not provided satisfactory clarity or led to effective treatments for persistent social dysfunction in schizophrenia. Social dysfunction is a core feature of schizophrenia. This dysfunction arises from disorganized interpersonal interaction that typifies the social profile of affected individuals. We outline challenges in employing several emerging concepts and methods and how they can be addressed to investigate the mechanisms of social dysfunction in schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41101652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spencer A Nielson, Daniel B Kay, Joseph M Dzierzewski
{"title":"Sleep and Depression in Older Adults: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Spencer A Nielson, Daniel B Kay, Joseph M Dzierzewski","doi":"10.1007/s11920-023-01455-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-023-01455-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The sleep-depression association has been recognized for decades. Efforts to clarify this association continue at an increasing pace. This review summarizes recent research on the sleep-depression association in older adults.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Research over the past 4 years has utilized cross-sectional, longitudinal, cohort, and intervention designs to examine these associations. Short (< 7 h) and long (> 8-9 h) sleep durations and insomnia symptoms are risk factors for depression in older adults. Similarly, short sleep, long sleep, insomnia symptoms, and depression are all risk factors for poorer health in late life, including increased risk of cognitive decline, falls, and poorer quality-of-life. Intervention studies have produced mixed findings, with some studies suggesting that sleep interventions may be potentially effective in improving both insomnia and mood symptoms. Intervention studies incorporating both behavioral and physiological measures of sleep, and larger and diverse samples may enhance the field's understanding of the complex interplay between sleep and mood in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41103663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gamification: a Novel Approach to Mental Health Promotion.","authors":"Cecilia Cheng, Omid V Ebrahimi","doi":"10.1007/s11920-023-01453-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-023-01453-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Gamification has emerged as a novel technique for improving mental health and enhancing treatment effectiveness. This paper provides an overview of gamification approaches to mental health intervention, identifies factors that may be related to variations in treatment effectiveness, and discusses possible strategies for tailoring gamified interventions to clients' needs.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent research has documented the potential of gamified mental health interventions for bolstering mental wellness and mitigating psychological symptoms. However, their effectiveness may vary depending on study design-related factors and gender-specific considerations. Literature reviews have also identified yet-to-be resolved issues surrounding the possible strengths and weaknesses of the personalization versus standardization of gamification, as well as the potential benefits of gamification for increasing engagement versus the potential risks of over-engagement and behavioral addiction to gamified components. This review highlights the need for careful planning and execution of gamified mental health interventions to optimize their effectiveness and suitability for meeting clients' individual needs and preferences.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10654169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41118155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Palagini, Enrico Cipriani, Valerio Caruso, Verinder Sharma, Angelo Gemignani, Alessandra Bramante, Mario Miniati, Dieter Riemann
{"title":"Insomnia During the Perinatal Period and its Association with Maternal and Infant Psychopathology: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Laura Palagini, Enrico Cipriani, Valerio Caruso, Verinder Sharma, Angelo Gemignani, Alessandra Bramante, Mario Miniati, Dieter Riemann","doi":"10.1007/s11920-023-01463-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-023-01463-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>While sleep serves important regulatory functions for mental health, sleep disturbances, in particular insomnia, may contribute to mental disorders. Since insomnia symptoms are frequent during the perinatal period, the aim of this work is to systematically review the potential association between perinatal insomnia and maternal and infant psychopathology.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>A systematic search was conducted according with PRISMA guidelines, and meta-analytic calculations were conducted. Totally, 34 studies were included and involved 835,021 perinatal women. Four meta-analysis yielded four statistically significant random-effect models. All models show that women with perinatal symptoms of insomnia possess increased odds of developing clinically relevant symptoms of depression OR = 3.69, p = 0.001 and anxiety OR = 2.81; p < 0.001, as well as increased suicidal risk OR = 3.28; p < 0.001, and distress in the newborn OR = 2.80 (P = 0.007). These findings emphasize the role of assessing and addressing insomnia during the perinatal period to mitigate its negative effect on maternal and infant mental health via sleep regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41194367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noe Caballero, Siddharth Machiraju, Anthony Diomino, Leda Kennedy, Armita Kadivar, Kristin S Cadenhead
{"title":"Recent Updates on Predicting Conversion in Youth at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis.","authors":"Noe Caballero, Siddharth Machiraju, Anthony Diomino, Leda Kennedy, Armita Kadivar, Kristin S Cadenhead","doi":"10.1007/s11920-023-01456-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-023-01456-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review highlights recent advances in the prediction and treatment of psychotic conversion. Over the past 25 years, research into the prodromal phase of psychotic illness has expanded with the promise of early identification of individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis who are likely to convert to psychosis.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Meta-analyses highlight conversion rates between 20 and 30% within 2-3 years using existing clinical criteria while research into more specific risk factors, biomarkers, and refinement of psychosis risk calculators has exploded, improving our ability to predict psychotic conversion with greater accuracy. Recent studies highlight risk factors and biomarkers likely to contribute to earlier identification and provide insight into neurodevelopmental abnormalities, CHR subtypes, and interventions that can target specific risk profiles linked to neural mechanisms. Ongoing initiatives that assess longer-term (> 5-10 years) outcome of CHR participants can provide valuable information about predictors of later conversion and diagnostic outcomes while large-scale international biomarker studies provide hope for precision intervention that will alter the course of early psychosis globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10654175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41093863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies of Brain Energy Metabolism in Schizophrenia: Progression from Prodrome to Chronic Psychosis.","authors":"Abigail Stein, Chenyanwen Zhu, Fei Du, Dost Öngür","doi":"10.1007/s11920-023-01457-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-023-01457-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Schizophrenia (SZ) is a debilitating mental illness; existing treatments are partially effective and associated with significant side effect burden, largely due to our limited understanding of disease mechanisms and the trajectory of disease progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that metabolic changes associated with glucose metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and redox imbalance play an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with these abnormalities in the brains of schizophrenia patients and the ways in which they change over time remain unclear. This paper aims to review the current literature on molecular mechanisms and in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies of impaired energy metabolism in patients at clinical high risk for psychosis, with first-episode SZ, and with chronic SZ. Our review covers research related to high-energy phosphate metabolism, lactate, intracellular pH, redox ratio, and the antioxidant glutathione.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Both first-episode and chronic SZ patients display a significant reduction in creatine kinase reaction activity and redox (NAD + /NADH) ratio in the prefrontal cortex. Chronic, but not first-episode, SZ patients also show a trend toward increased lactate levels and decreased pH value. These findings suggest a progressive shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis for energy production over the course of SZ, which is associated with redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction. Accumulating evidence indicates that aberrant brain energy metabolism associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and redox imbalance plays a critical role in SZ and will be a promising target for future treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41143429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}