{"title":"Entertainment industry sector under the spotlight: How PR professionals and event organizers communicate during pandemic crisis","authors":"Andrei Galan","doi":"10.30658/ICRCC.2021.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30658/ICRCC.2021.03","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has wounded sociality and limited the possibility to stay together: the essence of many forms of art. All the sectors whose activities are based on cultural values, or artistic, creative expressions, market or non-market oriented. It includes architecture, archives, libraries and museums, artistic crafts, audio-visual tangible and intangible cultural heritage, design, festivals, music, literature, performing arts, publishing, radio and visual arts. This paper aims to shed a light not only on the scarce literature on the field, but also on the particularities of how professionals communicate during pandemic crisis in the entertainment industry, especially at the moment when the whole world is being confronted by multiple crisis that have converged. In doing so, we explore how public relations practitioners and event organizers in Romania acknowledge the importance of being aware of the crisis, how they refer to crisis, the tools they use and the way they approach stakeholders. With the help of semi-structured interviews with public relations practitioners and event organizers in Romania, we aim to structure a frame of looking at the crisis communication in the entertainment industry during this pandemic crisis, with a particular focus on celebrities.","PeriodicalId":110458,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference","volume":"46 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130860981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unbranding: Disenfranchising Terrorism, Disenchanting Terror","authors":"D. H. Waterman","doi":"10.30658/ICRCC.2021.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30658/ICRCC.2021.16","url":null,"abstract":"The Theory of Brand Reduction (TBR), or unbranding, genericizes an organizational brand in order to reduce or limit its impact within its category or brand group. Unbranding asserts a product is identified by its brand and is perceived by stakeholders based on the characteristics of that brand. For example, terror is a product of some organizations - a means to an end - usually political in natural. Unbranding posits the center of gravity (COG) of an extremist group or organization is its brand. Current and previous counter-terrorism efforts have addressed elements of products but not the source of power of the brand. Unbranding posits that terror is a product and terrorism is a franchise into which members ‘buy’ a brand of terror, establish a franchise of their own, using or adapting franchise ‘rules’ but relying on the franchise brand value and name to grow and expand. This paper explicates the core concept of unbranding and proposes six hypotheses for future research.","PeriodicalId":110458,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115991813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stakeholders’ Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Blueprint for Health Crisis Communication","authors":"Lisa Bergson, T. Shaw, Nancy Van Leuven","doi":"10.30658/ICRCC.2021.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30658/ICRCC.2021.09","url":null,"abstract":"In March of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic changed everything. This qualitative phenomenological study of undergraduate communication students in a 4-year public university explored how as primary stakeholders for universities, students responded to the pandemic. Using Protective Action Decision Model (PADM), the researchers explored students’ perceptions of the risk of contracting COVID-19 and the protective actions recommended, and how perceptions influenced protective action decision making and behavioral responses. This study fills a gap in the crisis communication literature by focusing on stakeholder perspectives rather than the typical organizational responses to crises; it affirmed the sequential nature of PADM and suggests it should be expanded to include the sense of loss stakeholders experience during a health crisis. It also presents a blueprint for communicating with stakeholders during a health crisis.","PeriodicalId":110458,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130488888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Merrill, G. Bucini, E. Clark, C. Koliba, L. Trinity, A. Zia, Ollin Langle-Chimal, Nicholas Cheney, T. Shrum, T. Sellnow, Deanna D. Sellnow, Julia M. Smith
{"title":"Why we need to account for human behavior and decision-making to effectively model the non-linear dynamics of livestock disease","authors":"S. Merrill, G. Bucini, E. Clark, C. Koliba, L. Trinity, A. Zia, Ollin Langle-Chimal, Nicholas Cheney, T. Shrum, T. Sellnow, Deanna D. Sellnow, Julia M. Smith","doi":"10.30658/ICRCC.2021.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30658/ICRCC.2021.06","url":null,"abstract":"Animal disease costs the livestock industries billions of dollars annually. These costs can be reduced using effective biosecurity. However, costs of biosecurity are steep and benefits must be weighed against the uncertain infection risks. Much effort has gone into determining efficacy of different biosecurity tactics and strategies. Unfortunately, the variability in human behavior and decision-making when confronted with risk information has largely been overlooked. Here we show that use of the human behavioral component is necessary to understand the patterns of infection incidence in livestock industries. Using an agent-based model developed with a foundation of supply chain and industry structural data, we integrate human behavioral data generated using experimental games that parameterizes communication strategies, learning, psychological discounting and categorization of human behavior along a risk aversion spectrum. The influence of risk communication strategies on human behavior can be tested with experimental gaming simulations and their impact on the system can be projected using agent-based models, delivering feedback to increase disease resiliency of production systems.","PeriodicalId":110458,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference","volume":"80 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130785519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2021 ICRCC Proceedings Table of Contents","authors":"K. Reed","doi":"10.30658/icrcc.2021.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30658/icrcc.2021.01","url":null,"abstract":"These proceedings are a representative sample of the presentations given by professional practitioners and academic scholars at the 2021 International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference (ICRCC) held virtually March 8-10, 2021. The goal of the ICRCC is to bring together prominent professional risk and crisis communication practitioners and academic scholars from around the world to spend a few days networking and engaging in conversation about issues and problems related to risk and crisis communication in a variety of contexts (e.g., natural disasters, political crises, food safety issues, biosecurity, health epidemics and pandemics).","PeriodicalId":110458,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference","volume":"462 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125812864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Police Reform: Understanding Interspersed Social Influences and the Propagation of Public Policy During COVID19","authors":"Alexandra Knox","doi":"10.30658/ICRCC.2021.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30658/ICRCC.2021.17","url":null,"abstract":"Social influence is described as a communications theory which involves three psychological processes: compliance, identification and internalization. The theory applies supplemental data from social psychology frameworks consisting of normative conformity and informative conformity research. Individuals can be influenced to demonstrate social behaviors and many of us can be influenced to change our behaviors depending on our psychological or social needs at that time. Propaganda is another social influence that affects crisis communications. These topics will be discussed to better understand social influence and social behaviors while also analyzing legitimate authority interpositions during the coronavirus global crisis. Further, this research task will examine observational research data, compare antecedent events that prompted these discussions, to support a theoretic approach that consists of organizing ontological perspectives to adduce an analysis of understanding intervals of interspersed social influences resulting in the propagation of public policy, particularly, police reform.","PeriodicalId":110458,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125876338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Navigating Troubled Waters: Applying the IDEA Model to the Flint Water Crisis","authors":"M. Mayer","doi":"10.30658/ICRCC.2021.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30658/ICRCC.2021.12","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the instructional crisis communication surrounding the water crisis in Flint, Michigan. Although pre-crisis government communications were widely criticized for their failure to adequately warn the public about dangerous levels of lead and other carcinogenic chemicals in Flint’s water, instructional messaging during the crisis has not received the same level of attention. This study employs qualitative content analysis to examine the website content from the EPA, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Michigan governor’s office, Genesee County Health Department, and Flint mayor’s office through the lens of the IDEA model during the height of the crisis. The instructional content published to these agencies’ websites fits within the IDEA model framework and serves as effective instructional communication about the health concerns facing residents. Explanation and action were most prominently featured across the content, although internalization strategies were also used to varying degrees. The content was distributed and widely shared across agency websites, especially at the federal and state level. Future areas of research include how semantic and rhetorical choices in message content and structure may enhance elements within the IDEA model and how using images can increase message effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":110458,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125008457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The IDEA Model as an Effective Instructional Crisis and Risk Communication Framework to Analyze the CDC’s Messages Aimed at Hispanics in the COVID-19 Era","authors":"S. Salazar","doi":"10.30658/ICRCC.2021.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30658/ICRCC.2021.11","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores, through a thematic analysis, the messages published in Spanish in the Holiday Celebrations and Small Gatherings [Celebraciones y pequeñas reuniones por las fiestas] section of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's website (CDC). To analyze these messages, this study used the IDEA model. The conclusions suggest CDC prioritized internalization and action messages over distribution and explanation in this section of the website. The conclusions also show that although the CDC incorporated all elements of the IDEA model in the messages, the information shared was a mere translation of the English version of the Holiday Celebrations and Small Gatherings section of the website, showing thus, that the messages did not seem to be created to appeal to Hispanics intentionally. Suggestions are offered to improve the communications delivered by the CDC to the Hispanic community in the United States.","PeriodicalId":110458,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132708047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Communicating Crisis to Youth: The role of caregiver crisis communication in youth sensemaking and recovery","authors":"Ronda Oberlin Nowak","doi":"10.30658/ICRCC.2021.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30658/ICRCC.2021.15","url":null,"abstract":"A qualitative study was conducted of the response to student deaths by the administrators of two rural high schools. The events are looked at in the dual context of incident management and communication processes, using Coordinated Management of Meaning (CMM) theory. Interviews were conducted with administrators and with members of a student support team that responded to these and similar events. The study finds that negotiation of meaning that takes place between students, and between students and caregivers, is key in students’ processing of the event that they are experiencing. It can also equip them to be more resilient to traumatic events in the future.","PeriodicalId":110458,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115917456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Promotion of Social Awakening through the Speech of Lewis Richardson: A Metaphorical Lens that is Echoed Today","authors":"Suha Mohammed","doi":"10.30658/ICRCC.2021.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30658/ICRCC.2021.18","url":null,"abstract":"This analysis will illustrate how a journey through the lens of metaphorical criticism can openly display the hardships, life, and reality of past African American voices, as their stories echo through the rhetor, Lewis Richardson. An examination of a striking speech that speaks volumes, recited by Lewis Richardson, will unravel the depth in imagery, interpretation, and symbolism from an application of a metaphorical critical lens that tells a story that just keeps getting louder and louder as it grows unheard. “When metaphor is seen as a way of knowing the world, it plays a particular role in argumentation” [8]. This artifact’s use of metaphor builds an argumentative case for freedom, justice, and empathy. The following analysis will shed light on how authentic slave testimony, metaphor, symbolism, personification, and juxtapositions, once coded, can bring us to a reality that may not seem so unfamiliar in comparison to our current climate of racial social instability which has erupted in an uproar of protests, movements such as Black Lives Matter, as well as a full-blown unravelling social awakening.","PeriodicalId":110458,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123725718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}