Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of eye irritation potential of experimental cosmetic formulations containing glycolic acid, salicylic acid and ethanol using the Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Assay.","authors":"R Labib, K Cantrell, G-E Costin, A L Milac, H Raabe, S Gettings","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2361334","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2361334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Prototype cosmetic formulations containing short-chain acids and alcohols intended to be applied in the proximity of the eyes are sometimes evaluated for ocular irritation potential using the validated Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Assay (OECD TG 437). We evaluated the eye irritation potential of nine experimental cosmetic formulations designed and prepared by Avon Global Reserach and Development to differ only in the concentrations of Ethanol, Glycolic Acid and Salicylic Acid.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed the data generated using the BCOP assay. The opacity and permeability values obtained following the exposure of bovine corneas to experimental cosmetic formulations were combined into a single <i>In Vitro</i> Irritancy Score used to rank eye irritation potential. Histopathological examination of treated corneas was used to provide additional information about the depth and degree of the injury and to support the prediction of eye irritation potential of each experimental cosmetic formulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The <i>In Vitro</i> Irritancy Scores and histopathological analysis showed that experimental formulations containing only Ethanol, Glycolic Acid, or Salicylic Acid alone had, at most, a mild ocular irritation potential. The experimental formulations containing both Ethanol and Glycolic Acid had a mild ocular irritation potential, while the experimental formulations containing both Ethanol and Salicylic Acid had a moderate ocular irritation potential. Severe ocular irritation potential was induced by an experimental formulation containing a combination of Glycolic Acid and Salicylic Acid and it was further accentuated by the addition of Ethanol to the formulation. Our data indicate a possible synergistic effect on eye irritation potential of Ethanol, Glycolic Acid and Salicylic Acid in at least some experimental cosmetic formulations. Further, our results provide insight on an apparent concentration-dependent ocular irritation potential effect of combinations of Glycolic Acid, Salicylic Acid and Ethanol in at least one experimental cosmetic formulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results presented herein emphasise the need to consider <i>in vitro</i> testing of prototype cosmetic formulations containing combinations of Ethanol, Glycolic Acid and Salicylic Acid rather than relying on any predicted additive effect on ocular irritation based solely on previously generated results of similar formulations containing Ethanol, Glycolic Acid or Salicylic Acid alone. Further work is required to understand the significance of these observations and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the apparent synergistic effects of Glycolic Acid, Salicylic Acid and Ethanol and eye irritation potential suggested by our results.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"167-175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141175096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the role of herbal cosmeceutical in anti-ageing and skin ageing associated diseases.","authors":"Prashant Kumar, Anurag Verma, Sumel Ashique, Mithun Bhowmick, Sourav Mohanto, Anita Singh, Madhu Gupta, Abhishek Gupta, Tanweer Haider","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2380326","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2380326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The process of skin ageing is a natural biological phenomenon characterised by the emergence of wrinkles, age spots, sagging skin, and dryness over time. The increasing significance of skin in physical attractiveness has heightened skincare concerns. Anti-ageing cosmetics play a pivotal role in nurturing the skin, enhancing its quality, and promoting overall health. Today, cosmetics have evolved beyond mere aesthetics and are now integral to individual wellness. The contemporary quest for perpetual youth has intensified, prompting a deeper exploration into the skin ageing process. This comprehensive exploration delves into various elements involved in skin ageing, encompassing cells such as stem and endothelial cells, blood vessels, soft tissues, and signalling pathways. The molecular basis of skin ageing, including biochemical factors like reactive oxygen species, damaged DNA, free radicals, ions, and proteins (mRNA), is scrutinised alongside relevant animal models. The article critically analyzes the outcomes of utilising herbal components, emphasising their advantageous anti-ageing properties. The factors contributing to skin ageing, mechanistic perspectives, management approaches involving herbal cosmeceutical, and associated complications (especially cardiovascular diseases, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, etc.) are succinctly addressed. In addition, the manuscript further summarises the recent patented innovations and toxicity of the herbal cosmeceuticals for anti-ageing and ageing associated disorders. Despite progress, further research is imperative to unlock the full potential of herbal components as anti-ageing agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"211-226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Independent risk factor of drug eruption in immune checkpoint inhibitors treated liver cancer patients: high systemic immune-inflammation index.","authors":"Hong Yiyong, Huang Ying, Li Xiaodie, Zhu Lin, Zheng Yue, Gong Zijian","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2387597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2024.2387597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has significantly improved the prognosis of liver cancer patients. However, drug eruption associated with ICI monotherapy or combination therapy not only impacts the quality of life and treatment progress of liver cancer patients but also poses a potential threat to their lives. The study aims to investigate the risk factors of drug eruption in liver cancer patients undergoing ICIs in real-world settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively collected data from liver cancer patients who underwent ICI therapies at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between 2021 and 2022. A propensity score matching (PSM) method was employed to match 31 liver cancer patients with ICI-related drug eruption (drug eruption group) to 228 liver cancer patients without immune-related adverse reactions (control group) in a 1:2 ratio, creating two groups of patients with comparable baseline characteristics. Subsequently, logistic regression analysis was then conducted to analyze the clinical risk factors associated with drug eruption caused by ICIs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before PSM, there were statistically significant differences between the drug eruption group (31 cases) and the control group (228 cases) in two variables: Child-Pugh liver function classification and presence of vascular invasion (both <i>p</i> < 0.05). However, after PSM, no statistically significant differences were found in the clinical variables between the drug eruption group (28 cases) and the control group (52 cases). Univariate analysis revealed significantly higher levels of aspartate amino-transferase, alanine aminotransferase, glutamyl transpeptidase, and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and a significantly lower rate of liver cancer resection surgery before immunotherapy in liver cancer patients with drug eruption compared to the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that an elevated SII level before immunotherapy was significantly associated with the occurrence of drug eruption in liver cancer patients treated with ICIs (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The predictive performance of SII before immunotherapy in liver cancer patients for ICI-related drug eruption yielded an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.852, with a critical value of 749.189. Sensitivity and specificity were determined as 85.7% and 75%, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elevated systemic immune-inflammation index is identified as a risk factor for drug eruption occurrence in liver cancer patients treated with ICI therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human relevance of in vivo and in vitro skin irritation tests for hazard classification of pesticides.","authors":"Hans A Raabe, Gertrude-Emilia Costin, David G Allen, Anna Lowit, Marco Corvaro, Lindsay O'Dell, Julie Breeden-Alemi, Kathryn Page, Monique Perron, Tara Flint Silva, Walter Westerink, Elizabeth Baker, Kristie Sullivan","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2387596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2024.2387596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Test methods to inform hazard characterization and labeling of pesticides to protect human health are typically conducted using laboratory animals, and for skin irritation/corrosion the rabbit Draize test is currently required by many regulatory agencies. Although the Draize test is generally regarded to provide protective classifications for human health, new approach methodologies (NAMs) have been developed that offer more human relevant models that circumvent the uncertainty associated with species differences that exist between rabbits and humans. Despite wide applicability and use of these test methods across a broad range of chemicals, they have not been widely adopted for testing pesticides and pesticidal formulations. One of the barriers to adoption of these methods in this sector is low concordance with results from the Draize rabbit test, particularly for chemicals within the mild to moderate irritation spectrum.</p><p><p><b>Methods:</b> This review compares and contrasts the extent to which available models used in skin irritation testing mimic the anatomy and physiology of human skin, and how each aligns with the known key events leading to chemically-induced adverse skin irritation and corrosion. Doing so fully characterizes the human relevance of each method.</p><p><p><b>Results:</b> As alternatives to the rabbit Draize test, several protocols using <i>ex vivo, in chemico</i>, and <i>in vitro</i> skin models are available as internationally harmonized test guidelines. These methods rely on a variety of models of human skin, including excised rodent skin, synthetic biochemical models of barrier function, cell culture systems, and reconstructed human tissue models. We find these models exhibit biological and mechanistic relevance aligned with human skin irritation responses. Further, recent retrospective analyses have shown that the reproducibility of the Draize test is less than 50% for mild and moderate responses, with many of the replicate predictions spanning more than one category (<i>e.g.</i>, a moderate response reported in one study followed by a non-irritant response reported in another study).</p><p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Based on this comparative evaluation, we recommend top-down and bottom-up testing strategies that use the most human relevant <i>in vitro</i> test methods for skin irritation and corrosion classification of pesticides and pesticide formulations. To further discriminate among mild and non-irritant formulations, optimization of a cytokine release protocol and subsequent analyses of reference formulation test results is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective cytotoxicity of standardised n-hexane extract of black soldier flies' larvae on cancerous skin cells mitochondria isolated from rat model of melanoma.","authors":"Yalda Arast, Mahya Sabbaghi, Farzane Kamranfar, Fatemeh Heidari, Seyed Mojtaba Fazli Nejad, Tahereh Hosseinabadi, Jalal Pourahmad","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2389193","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2389193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Melanoma is known as a highly lethal cancer. In melanoma cells, apoptosis signalling which relies heavily on the acute activity of mitochondria and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation is suppressed. Our previous studies on natural compounds on melanoma suggested that mitochondria are a potential target for the melanoma treatment by selective cytotoxic effect of them. The black soldier fly is an important environmental protectant insect that based on recent studies induces apoptosis in liver and colorectal carcinoma cells through the activation of caspase 3, 8, and 9 and ultimately inhibits the growth of cancer cells.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study was designed to evaluate the selective apoptotic effect of the n-hexane BSFL extract (BSFLE) on skin mitochondria.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The mitochondria isolated from melanoma cells were treated with various concentrations (1500, 3000, and 6000 µg/ml) of n-hexane BSFLE Then MTT viability assay, ROS determination, Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP), mitochondrial swelling, cytochrome c release determination, and % apoptosis were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MTT assay showed that different concentrations of n-hexane BSFLE significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) decreased the SDH activity in cancerous skin mitochondria with the IC50. The ROS production and mitochondrial swelling results also showed that all concentrations of BSFL extracts significantly increased. MMP decline and the release of cytochrome c in cancer groups mitochondria. BSFLE increased apoptosis on melanoma cells.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>It is suggested that n-hexane BSFLE compounds selectively induce a cascade of proapoptotic events that are probably defective in cancer cells. Most of these compounds target the mitochondrial transient pore caused by disruption of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. These events lead to disruption of the temporary permeability of mitochondria, swelling of mitochondria and finally the formation of apoptosome in the cytosol.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141901217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the damage and wound repair of cornea by GO and ZnO.","authors":"Hanzhu Zhao, Aiping Song, Liyan Wang, Xiaolu Hou, Dongmei Cui, Xiaotong Sun, Lingzhi Niu, Lin Jin, Haoyuan An, Wei Li","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2387592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2024.2387592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The widespread use of nanoparticles in recent years has increased the risk of ocular exposure. zinc oxide (ZnO) is widely used in the field of cosmetics because of its unique chemical properties. The application of graphene oxide (GO) as an emerging nanomaterial in the field of eye drops is also gradually emerging. Currently, research on ZnO and GO eye exposure mainly focuses on application or toxicity to optic nerve cells. There's less study on corneal wound healing effects. and the previous research hasn't compared ZnO and GO corneal toxicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically established a complete chain study of in vitro and in vivo experiments and mouse corneal injury model, and comprehensively evaluated the ocular safety and toxicity of ZnO and GO.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that 50 ug/mL GO and 0.5 ug/mL ZnO can reduce human corneal epithelial cells (HCEpiC) viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Short-term repeated exposure to ZnO can cause sterile inflammation of the cornea with concentration-dependence, while GO have not been significantly altered. 50 ug/mL ZnO could significantly delay the healing of corneal wounds, while GO did not change wound healing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The toxic effect of ZnO is higher than that of GO. Inflammatory signal transduction, oxidative stress and apopnano zitosis are involved in the ocular toxicity injury process of nanoparticles. Research can provide a judgement basis for people's eye health and eye protection risk control.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of adalimumab treatment on inflammatory and hematological parameters in patients with Hidradenitis suppurativa.","authors":"Kadir Kaya, Özlem Gevher","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2387595","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2387595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), a chronic inflammatory disease that typically manifests after puberty, is characterised by painful nodules, abscesses, draining sinus tracts, and scars in areas rich in apocrine glands such as the axillary and inguinal regions. In recent years, blood-based biomarkers such as the Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Monocyte/Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR), Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value (PIV) have been used as significant indicators of systemic inflammation. While there are few studies evaluating these biomarkers in HS, the response of these markers to treatment has only been assessed in one study to date. Our study aims to investigate the effect of adalimumab treatment on blood-based systemic inflammation biomarkers in HS, where inflammation plays a significant role.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 42 adult patients who received adalimumab treatment at our dermatology and venereology clinic between January 2020 and January 2023. Medical records for complete blood count results of the patients were retrospectively reviewed. All systemic inflammation-based biomarkers were calculated from the absolute values of the complete blood count. The SII was calculated with the following formula: (neutrophil count × platelet count/lymphocyte count). The PIV was calculated as follows: (neutrophil count × platelet count × monocyte count/lymphocyte count). Values before the treatment and at the 12th week of treatment were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When the changes in the inflammatory parameters of the patients were examined, it was found that NLR (2.13 ± 0.87 vs 2.26 ± 1.12), PLR (111.01 ± 39.89 vs 99.43 ± 35.34), MLR (0.27 ± 0.11 vs 0.28 ± 0.12), MPV (9.59 ± 0.71 vs 9.70 ± 0.79), SII (680.79 ± 330.18 vs 687.89 ± 442.66), and PIV (552.02 ± 330.71 vs 605.05 ± 415.96) values did not change statistically significantly after treatment (p > 0.05). While there was a significant decrease in platelet count compared to before treatment, no statistically significant difference was found in the other evaluated blood cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adalimumab treatment has not had a significant effect on systemic inflammation markers in HS, an inflammatory disease. More studies are needed to evaluate the effect of adalimumab on these markers in HS.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141893080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical and histopathological evaluation of systemic and ocular toxicity of favipiravir in rats.","authors":"Delil Özcan, Fatih Özçelik, Renad Mammadov, Mehmet Aktaş, Fikret Altındağ, Abdurrahman Alpaslan Alkan, Murat Karapapak, Durdu Altuner, Halis Süleyman","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2023.2300788","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2023.2300788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> Favipiravir (FAV) used against COVID-19 is an antiviral drug that causes adverse reactions, such as hyperuricaemia, liver damage, and hematopoetic toxicity. The aim of the study was to investigate the systemic and ocular side-effects of FAV in rats, for the first time.<b>Materials and methods:</b> A total of 18 albino male Wistar rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into 3 groups as the healthy group (HG), the group given 50 mg/kg/day favipiravir (FAV50), and the group given 200 mg/kg/d favipiravir (FAV200). These doses were given to the experimental groups for one week. At the end of the experiment histopathological examinations were performed on the conjunctiva and sclera of the eye. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (tGSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured in blood samples taken from rats. <b>Results:</b> Compared to HG, the MDA (1.37 ± 0.61 <i>vs.</i> 4.82 ± 1.40 µmol/mL), IL-1β (2.52 ± 1.14 <i>vs</i>. 6.67 ± 1.99 pg/mL), and TNF-α levels (3.28 ± 1.42 <i>vs</i>. 8.53 ± 3.06 pg/mL) of the FAV200 group were higher. The levels of tGSH (7.58 ± 1.98 <i>vs.</i> 2.50 ± 0.98 nmol/mL) and SOD (13.63 ± 3.43 <i>vs</i>. 3.81 ± 1.43 U/mL) the FAV200 group were lower than the HG (<i>p</i> < 0.05, for all). The degree of damage to the cornea and sclera of the FAV200 group was quite high according to HG (<i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> FAV can cause damage to rat conjunctiva and sclera by increasing oxidant stress and inflammation at high dose.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"105-112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139086290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2343978","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2343978","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140854012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of corneal endothelial cell morphology off and on treatment by specular microscopy in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.","authors":"Hakan Koc, Bedia Sultan Önal, Esra Hoşoğlu","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2303442","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2303442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the structure and properties of corneal endothelial cells in children and adolescents with ADHD who received methylphenidate treatment at least six months.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The prospective, observational study included 33 eyes of 33 patients diagnosed with ADHD who received methylphenidate treatment for at least six months, 33 eyes of 33 patients newly diagnosed with ADHD who did not start medication treatment, and 33 eyes of 33 healthy individuals. Average cell density, coefficient of variation, maximum cell area, normal cell area, minimum cell area, average cell area, and hexagonality ratio values were evaluated by non-contact specular microscopy. The parameters recorded in all three groups were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age of children in the ADHD + MPH, ADHD, and control groups is 9 ± 1.7, 8.9 ± 2.3, and 8.9 ± 1.8 years, respectively. (<i>p</i> > 0.05) The average MPH treatment dose is 0.94 ± 0.19 mg/kg, the average daily MPH intake is 34.12 ± 14.04 mg, and the average duration of use of MPH is 24.03 ± 12.46 months. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured as an average of 540.45 ± 31.23 in the ADHD + MPH group, 540.61 ± 29.69 in the ADHD group, and 546.58 ± 27.72 in the control group. (<i>p</i> = 0.499) The average coefficient of variation (CV) values were measured as 25.48 ± 4.22 in the ADHD + MPH group, 26.12 ± 3.48 in the ADHD group, and 26.12 ± 3.64 in the control group. (<i>p</i> = 0.491) The average hexagonality ratio (%) (HEX) values were measured as 69.45 ± 8.41 in the ADHD + MPH group, 68.21 ± 6.82 in the ADHD group, and 68.91 ± 7.97 in the control group. (<i>p</i> = 0.892) No statistically significant difference was observed between all three groups in terms of all parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Methylphenidate treatment administered for at least six months with a diagnosis of ADHD did not have a toxic effect on the corneal endothelium.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"120-123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139486933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}