Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity最新文献_第9页

Recent advances in anaplastic thyroid cancer management. 间变性甲状腺癌症治疗的最新进展。

IF 3.2 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000823

Sarah Hamidi, Anastasios Maniakas

{"title":"Recent advances in anaplastic thyroid cancer management.","authors":"Sarah Hamidi, Anastasios Maniakas","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000823","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000823","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To summarize recent developments in the diagnosis and management of patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC).Recent findings: An updated edition of the Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors was released by the World Health Organization (WHO), in which squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid are now a subtype of ATC. Broader access to next generation sequencing has allowed better understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving ATC and improved prognostication. BRAF-targeted therapies revolutionized the treatment of advanced/metastatic BRAFV600E -mutated ATC, offering significant clinical benefit and allowing better locoregional control of disease through the neoadjuvant approach. However, inevitable development of resistance mechanisms represents a major challenge. Addition of immunotherapy to BRAF/MEK inhibition has shown very promising results and significant improvement in survival outcomes.Summary: Major advancements took place in the characterization and management of ATC in recent years, especially in patients with a BRAF V600E mutation. Still, no curative treatment is available, and options are limited once resistance to currently available BRAF-targeted therapies develops. Additionally, there is still a need for more effective treatments for patients without a BRAF mutation.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":"30 5","pages":"259-264"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10545607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Obesity and thyroid cancer risk. 肥胖和甲状腺癌症风险。

IF 3.2 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000825

Lauren C Burrage, Donald S A McLeod, Susan J Jordan

{"title":"Obesity and thyroid cancer risk.","authors":"Lauren C Burrage, Donald S A McLeod, Susan J Jordan","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000825","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000825","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review explores recent evidence assessing the relationship between obesity and thyroid cancer.Recent findings: Consistent evidence from observational studies suggests that obesity increases the risk of thyroid cancer. The relationship persists when alternative measures of adiposity are used, but the strength of association may vary according to the timing and duration of obesity and how obesity or other metabolic parameters are defined as exposures. Recent studies have reported an association between obesity and thyroid cancers that are larger or have adverse clinicopathologic features, including those with BRAF mutations, thus providing evidence that the association is relevant for clinically significant thyroid cancers. The underlying mechanism for the association remains uncertain but may be driven by disruption in adipokines and growth-signaling pathways.Summary: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer, although further research is required to understand the biological mechanisms underpinning this relationship. Reducing the prevalence of obesity is predicted to lessen the future burden of thyroid cancer. However, the presence of obesity does not impact current recommendations for screening or management of thyroid cancer.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":"30 5","pages":"244-251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10545609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Novel techniques for assessment of bone tissue material properties. 评估骨组织材料特性的新技术。

IF 3.2 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000821

Ajay D Rao

引用次数: 0

Editorial introduction. 编辑介绍。

IF 3.2 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000817

引用次数: 0

Prediabetes and skeletal health. 糖尿病前期与骨骼健康

IF 3.2 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000812

Catherine Lindsay, Albert Shieh

引用次数: 0

Effects of very low carbohydrate ketogenic diets on skeletal health. 极低碳水化合物生酮饮食对骨骼健康的影响。

IF 3.2 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000811

Cora M Best, Simon Hsu

{"title":"Effects of very low carbohydrate ketogenic diets on skeletal health.","authors":"Cora M Best, Simon Hsu","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000811","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000811","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Very low carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) therapy has been associated with skeletal demineralization in children with drug-resistant epilepsy, but the cause of this association is unclear. Recently, interest in the KD has grown owing to its potential benefits for other illnesses including cancer, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and polycystic kidney disease. Summaries of the best available evidence regarding effects of a KD on skeletal health are lacking.Recent findings: Recent rodent studies found that a KD can harm the growing skeleton, which corroborates most but not all studies in pediatric patients. Proposed mechanisms include chronic metabolic acidosis and depressed osteoanabolic hormones. Relative to other weight-reducing diets, a weight-reducing KD for treatment of obesity and/or type 2 diabetes in adults has not been associated with adverse skeletal effects. By contrast, recent evidence suggests that adaptation to a eucaloric KD may impair bone remodeling in elite adult athletes. Discrepancies in the literature may relate to differences between study populations and in diet formulation.Summary: Attention to skeletal health is warranted when using KD therapy given the uncertainty in the literature and suggestive harms in certain populations. Future research should focus on potential mechanisms of injury.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":"30 4","pages":"184-191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9875415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MR-based techniques for intracortical vessel visualization and characterization: understanding the impact of microvascular disease on skeletal health. 基于磁共振技术的皮质内血管可视化和特征描述：了解微血管疾病对骨骼健康的影响。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000819

Maximilian T Löffler, Po-Hung Wu, Galateia J Kazakia

{"title":"MR-based techniques for intracortical vessel visualization and characterization: understanding the impact of microvascular disease on skeletal health.","authors":"Maximilian T Löffler, Po-Hung Wu, Galateia J Kazakia","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000819","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000819","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The relationships between bone vasculature and bone microstructure and strength remain incompletely understood. Addressing this gap will require in vivo imaging capabilities. We describe the relevant vascular anatomy of compact bone, review current magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based techniques that allow in vivo assessment of intracortical vasculature, and finally present preliminary studies that apply these techniques to investigate changes in intracortical vessels in aging and disease.Recent findings: Ultra-short echo time MRI (UTE MRI), dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), and susceptibility-weighted MRI techniques are able to probe intracortical vasculature. Applied to patients with type 2 diabetes, DCE-MRI was able to find significantly larger intracortical vessels compared to nondiabetic controls. Using the same technique, a significantly larger number of smaller vessels was observed in patients with microvascular disease compared to those without. Preliminary data on perfusion MRI showed decreased cortical perfusion with age.Summary: Development of in vivo techniques for intracortical vessel visualization and characterization will enable the exploration of interactions between the vascular and skeletal systems, and further our understanding of drivers of cortical pore expansion. As we investigate potential pathways of cortical pore expansion, appropriate treatment and prevention strategies will be clarified.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":"30 4","pages":"192-199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10461604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10313191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Skeletal health in diabetes. 糖尿病患者的骨骼健康

IF 3.2 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000820

Viral N Shah

引用次数: 0

Effect of incretins on skeletal health. 胰蛋白酶对骨骼健康的影响

IF 3.2 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000813

Jakob Starup-Linde, Katrine Hygum, Bente Langdahl

{"title":"Effect of incretins on skeletal health.","authors":"Jakob Starup-Linde, Katrine Hygum, Bente Langdahl","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000813","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000813","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The incretin hormones, glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), have been shown to decrease bone resorption in humans. The aim of this review is to collate evidence and current advances in the research within the last year on the effect of incretins on skeletal health.Recent findings: Preclinical studies show potential direct beneficial effects on bone by GLP-1 and GIP, however real world epidemiological data show no effects of GLP-1 receptor analogues on fracture risk. This may be due to the weight loss accompanied by GLP-1 treatment which may have detrimental effects on bone. GIP is shown to reduce bone resorption and increase bone formation. Further evidence suggests an additive effect of GIP and glucagon like peptide-2, which could affect bone by different mechanisms.Summary: GIP and GLP-1 based therapies are more widespread used and may have potential beneficial effects on bone, possibly counterbalanced by weight loss. Long-term effects and side-effects of GIP or GIP/ GLP-2 co-administration remain to be elucidated, and longer term treatment trials are needed.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":"30 4","pages":"206-212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9873107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diagnostic strategies in adrenal insufficiency. 肾上腺功能不全的诊断策略。

IF 3.2 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000806

Vasiliki Siampanopoulou, Elisavet Tasouli, Anna Angelousi

{"title":"Diagnostic strategies in adrenal insufficiency.","authors":"Vasiliki Siampanopoulou, Elisavet Tasouli, Anna Angelousi","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000806","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is the clinical manifestation of deficient production of glucocorticoids with occasionally deficiency also in mineralocorticoids and adrenal androgens and constitutes a fatal disorder if left untreated. The aim of this review is to summarize the new trends in diagnostic methods used for determining the presence of AI.Recent findings: Novel aetiologies of AI have emerged; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection was linked to increased frequency of primary AI (PAI). A new class of drugs, the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) widely used for the treatment of several malignancies, has been implicated mostly with secondary AI, but also with PAI. Salivary cortisol is considered a noninvasive and patient-friendly tool and has shown promising results in diagnosing AI, although the normal cut-off values remain an issue of debate depending on the technique used. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is the most reliable technique although not widely available.Summary: Our research has shown that little progress has been made regarding our knowledge on AI. Coronavirus disease 2019 and ICIs use constitute new evidence on the pathogenesis of AI. The short synacthen test (SST) remains the 'gold-standard' method for confirmation of AI diagnosis, although salivary cortisol is a promising tool.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":"30 3","pages":"141-153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10312617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0