Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity最新文献_第9页

IF 3.2 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000817

引用次数: 0

Prediabetes and skeletal health. 糖尿病前期与骨骼健康

IF 3.2 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000812

Catherine Lindsay, Albert Shieh

引用次数: 0

Effects of very low carbohydrate ketogenic diets on skeletal health. 极低碳水化合物生酮饮食对骨骼健康的影响。

IF 3.2 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000811

Cora M Best, Simon Hsu

{"title":"Effects of very low carbohydrate ketogenic diets on skeletal health.","authors":"Cora M Best, Simon Hsu","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000811","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000811","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Very low carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) therapy has been associated with skeletal demineralization in children with drug-resistant epilepsy, but the cause of this association is unclear. Recently, interest in the KD has grown owing to its potential benefits for other illnesses including cancer, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and polycystic kidney disease. Summaries of the best available evidence regarding effects of a KD on skeletal health are lacking.Recent findings: Recent rodent studies found that a KD can harm the growing skeleton, which corroborates most but not all studies in pediatric patients. Proposed mechanisms include chronic metabolic acidosis and depressed osteoanabolic hormones. Relative to other weight-reducing diets, a weight-reducing KD for treatment of obesity and/or type 2 diabetes in adults has not been associated with adverse skeletal effects. By contrast, recent evidence suggests that adaptation to a eucaloric KD may impair bone remodeling in elite adult athletes. Discrepancies in the literature may relate to differences between study populations and in diet formulation.Summary: Attention to skeletal health is warranted when using KD therapy given the uncertainty in the literature and suggestive harms in certain populations. Future research should focus on potential mechanisms of injury.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":"30 4","pages":"184-191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9875415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MR-based techniques for intracortical vessel visualization and characterization: understanding the impact of microvascular disease on skeletal health. 基于磁共振技术的皮质内血管可视化和特征描述：了解微血管疾病对骨骼健康的影响。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000819

Maximilian T Löffler, Po-Hung Wu, Galateia J Kazakia

{"title":"MR-based techniques for intracortical vessel visualization and characterization: understanding the impact of microvascular disease on skeletal health.","authors":"Maximilian T Löffler, Po-Hung Wu, Galateia J Kazakia","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000819","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000819","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The relationships between bone vasculature and bone microstructure and strength remain incompletely understood. Addressing this gap will require in vivo imaging capabilities. We describe the relevant vascular anatomy of compact bone, review current magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based techniques that allow in vivo assessment of intracortical vasculature, and finally present preliminary studies that apply these techniques to investigate changes in intracortical vessels in aging and disease.Recent findings: Ultra-short echo time MRI (UTE MRI), dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), and susceptibility-weighted MRI techniques are able to probe intracortical vasculature. Applied to patients with type 2 diabetes, DCE-MRI was able to find significantly larger intracortical vessels compared to nondiabetic controls. Using the same technique, a significantly larger number of smaller vessels was observed in patients with microvascular disease compared to those without. Preliminary data on perfusion MRI showed decreased cortical perfusion with age.Summary: Development of in vivo techniques for intracortical vessel visualization and characterization will enable the exploration of interactions between the vascular and skeletal systems, and further our understanding of drivers of cortical pore expansion. As we investigate potential pathways of cortical pore expansion, appropriate treatment and prevention strategies will be clarified.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":"30 4","pages":"192-199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10461604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10313191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Skeletal health in diabetes. 糖尿病患者的骨骼健康

IF 3.2 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000820

Viral N Shah

引用次数: 0

Effect of incretins on skeletal health. 胰蛋白酶对骨骼健康的影响

IF 3.2 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000813

Jakob Starup-Linde, Katrine Hygum, Bente Langdahl

{"title":"Effect of incretins on skeletal health.","authors":"Jakob Starup-Linde, Katrine Hygum, Bente Langdahl","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000813","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000813","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The incretin hormones, glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), have been shown to decrease bone resorption in humans. The aim of this review is to collate evidence and current advances in the research within the last year on the effect of incretins on skeletal health.Recent findings: Preclinical studies show potential direct beneficial effects on bone by GLP-1 and GIP, however real world epidemiological data show no effects of GLP-1 receptor analogues on fracture risk. This may be due to the weight loss accompanied by GLP-1 treatment which may have detrimental effects on bone. GIP is shown to reduce bone resorption and increase bone formation. Further evidence suggests an additive effect of GIP and glucagon like peptide-2, which could affect bone by different mechanisms.Summary: GIP and GLP-1 based therapies are more widespread used and may have potential beneficial effects on bone, possibly counterbalanced by weight loss. Long-term effects and side-effects of GIP or GIP/ GLP-2 co-administration remain to be elucidated, and longer term treatment trials are needed.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":"30 4","pages":"206-212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9873107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diagnostic strategies in adrenal insufficiency. 肾上腺功能不全的诊断策略。

IF 3.2 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000806

Vasiliki Siampanopoulou, Elisavet Tasouli, Anna Angelousi

{"title":"Diagnostic strategies in adrenal insufficiency.","authors":"Vasiliki Siampanopoulou, Elisavet Tasouli, Anna Angelousi","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000806","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is the clinical manifestation of deficient production of glucocorticoids with occasionally deficiency also in mineralocorticoids and adrenal androgens and constitutes a fatal disorder if left untreated. The aim of this review is to summarize the new trends in diagnostic methods used for determining the presence of AI.Recent findings: Novel aetiologies of AI have emerged; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection was linked to increased frequency of primary AI (PAI). A new class of drugs, the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) widely used for the treatment of several malignancies, has been implicated mostly with secondary AI, but also with PAI. Salivary cortisol is considered a noninvasive and patient-friendly tool and has shown promising results in diagnosing AI, although the normal cut-off values remain an issue of debate depending on the technique used. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is the most reliable technique although not widely available.Summary: Our research has shown that little progress has been made regarding our knowledge on AI. Coronavirus disease 2019 and ICIs use constitute new evidence on the pathogenesis of AI. The short synacthen test (SST) remains the 'gold-standard' method for confirmation of AI diagnosis, although salivary cortisol is a promising tool.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":"30 3","pages":"141-153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10312617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biomarkers in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. 胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤的生物标志物研究。

IF 3.2 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000805

Isa Mulingbayan Jacoba, H Christian Weber

{"title":"Biomarkers in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.","authors":"Isa Mulingbayan Jacoba, H Christian Weber","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000805","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NEN) represent a heterogenous group of rare tumors emanating from neuroendocrine cells that are clinically silent for prolonged periods of time without detection. Traditional biomarkers lack sufficiently high enough specificity and sensitivity for these tumors and their secreted products. New molecules are sought to improve accuracy of detection and monitoring of GEP-NENs. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in the discovery of novel biomarkers and their potential characteristics and utility as markers of GEP-NENs.Recent findings: Several recent GEP-NEN investigations regarding NETest demonstrate superior sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis and disease monitoring as compared with chromogranin A. Among several tissue-based emergent candidate molecules as biomarkers for GEP-NEN INSM1 has demonstrated consistently excellent characteristics when compared with traditional markers including chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and CD56.Summary: For the diagnosis and clinical monitoring of NEN, there still exists a considerable need for better biomarkers. Novel technology has resulted in a promising liquid biopsy for the detection and monitoring of GEP-NENs. The search for improved tissue biomarkers has resulted in identification of one potential candidate whereas several others remain in the investigatory phase.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":"30 3","pages":"175-180"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10311659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular tools for diagnosing diseases of the adrenal cortex. 诊断肾上腺皮质疾病的分子工具。

IF 3.2 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000809

Fabio R Faucz, Andrea G Maria, Constantine A Stratakis

{"title":"Molecular tools for diagnosing diseases of the adrenal cortex.","authors":"Fabio R Faucz, Andrea G Maria, Constantine A Stratakis","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000809","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The adrenal glands produce some of the most essential for life hormones, including cortisol and other steroids, and catecholamines. The former is produced from the adrenal cortex, whereas the latter is from the medulla. The two parts are anatomically and functionally distinct and it would be impossible in the context of one short article to cover all molecular updates on both the cortex and the medulla. Thus, in this review, we focus on the molecular tools available for diagnosing adrenocortical diseases, such as adrenal insufficiency, Cushing and Conn syndromes, and their potential for advancing medical care and clinical outcome.Recent findings: The advent of next generation sequencing opened doors for finding genetic diseases and signaling pathways involved in adrenocortical diseases. In addition, the combination of molecular data and clinicopathologic assessment might be the best approach for an early and precise diagnosis contributing to therapeutic decisions and improvement of patient outcomes.Summary: Diagnosing adrenocortical diseases can be challenging; however, the progress of molecular tools for adrenocortical disease diagnosis has greatly contributed to early detection and to meliorate patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":"30 3","pages":"154-160"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10256823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial introductions. 编辑介绍。

IF 3.2 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000808

引用次数: 0