Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity最新文献

Recent advances in the role of miRNAs in bone disease.

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000914

Martina Faraldi, Veronica Sansoni, Giovanni Lombardi

{"title":"Recent advances in the role of miRNAs in bone disease.","authors":"Martina Faraldi, Veronica Sansoni, Giovanni Lombardi","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000914","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review explores the potential of circulating miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for osteoporosis and bone associated disease, highlighting challenges in translating miRNA findings into clinical practice, including variability in circulating miRNA levels, the need for robust assay methods, and the importance of preanalytical and postanalytical variables.Recent finding: Recent finding in miRNA research have identified miRNAs involved in bone cells differentiation, function, and in the regulation of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Novel miRNAs associated with osteoporosis, fracture risk, and bone turnover, as well as their utility in distinguishing between primary and secondary forms of osteoporosis have been recently identified. On the other hand, clinical implementation of miRNAs is still limited due to the lack of standardized analytical procedures.Summary: miRNAs are noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression, making them key players in complex biological processes, such as bone metabolism. The altered expression of several miRNAs may contribute to bone disorders, including osteoporosis. While significant progress has been made in identifying circulating miRNAs associated with bone disorders, the clinical implementation of miRNA-based diagnostics requires further research and standardization of methods before becoming part of clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of endocrinal dysregulations in traumatic heterotopic ossification pathogenesis.

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000913

Jean-Pierre Lévesque, Kylie A Alexander

{"title":"Role of endocrinal dysregulations in traumatic heterotopic ossification pathogenesis.","authors":"Jean-Pierre Lévesque, Kylie A Alexander","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000913","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The skeletal system is one of the main targets of endocrine hormone dysregulation. After briefly summarizing the endocrinal regulation of the skeleton, this review focuses on the recent advances in our understanding of how endocrine dysregulations promote the development of heterotopic bones after trauma.Recent findings: Endocrinal regulation of skeletal fetal development, and growth is well established. However, whether trauma such as central nervous system insults, hip arthroplasty and severe burns trigger heterotopic ossifications via hormonal dysregulation has just begun to be investigated. Recent findings in mouse models of trauma-induced and most particularly spinal cord injury-induced heterotopic ossifications suggest that spinal cord injury leads to stimulation of catecholamine and glucocorticoid secretion by adrenal glands early post-injury, which triggers pathological bone formation in injured muscles.Summary: This review summarizes the recently identified roles of adrenal hormones in driving pathological heterotopic ossification development after spinal cord injury. Further research into how endocrine hormones regulate heterotopic bone formation after trauma is essential and likely to reveal new targetable pathways to prevent pathological heterotopic ossifications.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Current opinions invited review: testosterone and transgender medicine.

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000912

Jinghang Luo, Rita Upreti

{"title":"Current opinions invited review: testosterone and transgender medicine.","authors":"Jinghang Luo, Rita Upreti","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000912","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Transgender individuals have a gender identity incongruent with their sex assigned at birth. Social, medical and surgical methods are often affirming. This review focuses on updates from the last 18 months mainly in testosterone use in masculinising gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) in postpubertal adults, and also antiandrogens for suppression or blockade of endogenous testosterone in feminising GAHT. Mental and sexual healthcare are vital for many transgender patients, but are not the focus of this review.Recent findings: There has been a considerable increase in publications regarding testosterone GAHT in recent years, though narrative reviews, opinion pieces and case series continue to dominate. There has also been a notable increase in prospective studies and valuable data particularly from large longitudinal cohorts and studies aiming to refine GAHT prescribing and better understand long-term effects on aspects such as fertility, cardiometabolic and bone health as well as adverse effects.Summary: Testosterone GAHT is life changing. Increased research will help GAHT optimisation, and improve understanding of tissue-specific impacts and long-term safety. Longer-term data, prospective studies and utilisation of novel research tools and approaches are needed to enrich our understanding and prescribing of testosterone and its blockers in GAHT.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial introduction.

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000902

引用次数: 0

Coronary artery event-free or resilient familial hypercholesterolemia: what's in a name? 冠状动脉无事件或复原性家族性高胆固醇血症：名字里有什么？

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000874

Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh, Dick C Chan, Pedro Mata, Gerald F Watts

{"title":"Coronary artery event-free or resilient familial hypercholesterolemia: what's in a name?","authors":"Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh, Dick C Chan, Pedro Mata, Gerald F Watts","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000874","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000874","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal semi-dominant condition, characterized by excessive circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) from birth that substantially accelerates the onset and progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), classically coronary artery disease (CAD). Elevated plasma LDL-C integrated over time is unequivocally the major determinant of ASCVD in heterozygous FH (HeFH); however, the wide variation in incidence and progression of ASCVD suggests a role for a wide spectrum of risk modifiers. We reviewed recent evidence describing the features of an ASCVD-free entity referred to as resilient FH among patients with HeFH.Recent findings: Compared with nonresilient FH patients, resilient patients are more likely to be female, and have a lower prevalence of ASCVD comorbidities, higher levels of HDL-C and larger HDL particles, as well as a lower level of lipoprotein(a). A lower SAFEHEART risk score is also an independent predictor of resilient FH. Gene expression studies also demonstrate that resilient FH patients are associated with a less atherogenic gene expression profile in relation to HDL metabolism and immune responses, as reflected by higher expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1, and lower expression of STAT2 and STAT3, respectively.Summary: A group of HeFH patients, referred as resilient FH, can survive to advance ages without experiencing any ASCVD events. Several key contributors to the event-fee CAD in HeFH patients have been identified. This could not only improve risk stratification and management for FH but also be of major importance for the general population in primary and secondary prevention. However, resilient FH remains an under-investigated area and requires further research.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"45-51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141533936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychological determinants and evidence-based behavior change interventions in adherence to therapy for familial hypercholesterolemia. 家族性高胆固醇血症治疗依从性的心理决定因素和循证行为改变干预

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000893

Martin S Hagger, Kyra Hamilton

{"title":"Psychological determinants and evidence-based behavior change interventions in adherence to therapy for familial hypercholesterolemia.","authors":"Martin S Hagger, Kyra Hamilton","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000893","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000893","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia have an elevated risk of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Risks can be minimized through pharmacological and 'lifestyle' behavioral (low fat diet, physical activity) therapies, although therapeutic adherence is sub-optimal. Behavioral interventions to promote familial hypercholesterolemia therapy adherence should be informed by theory-based psychological determinants for maximal efficacy. The current review summarizes research on determinants of familial hypercholesterolemia therapy adherence and behavior change interventions, identifies limitations of the extant research, and sets future research agenda.Recent findings: A recent meta-analysis identified attitudes, subjective norms, self-efficacy, and risk perceptions as key determinants of familial hypercholesterolemia therapy adherence intentions, with intentions identified as a key correlate of concurrent behavior. Studies have specified techniques targeting key theory-based determinants that may be efficacious in interventions. Research is limited by overuse of cross-sectional correlational study designs, use of self-report behavioral measures, few theory-based intervention tests, and limited consideration of nonconscious processes and effects of socio-structural variables.Summary: Researchers should adopt study designs permitting better directional and causal inferences in determinant effects, provide tests of interventions targeting determinants and their mechanisms of action, consider determinants representing nonconscious processes (habits, implicit attitudes), and test determinants as mediators of socio-structural variables on familial hypercholesterolemia therapy adherence.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"52-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An overview of persistent chylomicronemia: much more than meets the eye.

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000903

Miriam Larouche, Gerald F Watts, Christie Ballantyne, Daniel Gaudet

{"title":"An overview of persistent chylomicronemia: much more than meets the eye.","authors":"Miriam Larouche, Gerald F Watts, Christie Ballantyne, Daniel Gaudet","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000903","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000903","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The aim of this review is to provide an overview of severe hypertriglyceridemia presenting in the form of chylomicronemia that persists despite treatment of secondary causes and the use of conventional lipid-lowering treatment.Recent findings: Persistent chylomicronemia is a rare syndromic disorder that affects carriers of bi-allelic combinations of pathogenic gene variants impairing lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, as well as a significant number of individuals who do not meet this genetic criterion. It is associated with a high risk of acute pancreatitis and other morbidities. Effective innovative treatments for severe hypertriglyceridemia are being developed and are becoming available. Patients with persistent chylomicronemia of any cause respond equally to next-generation therapies with LPL-independent mechanisms of action and do not generally respond to conventional LPL-dependent treatments.Summary: Not all individuals with persistent chylomicronemia carry a proven pathogenic combination of gene variants that impair LPL activity. Documenting the clinical characteristics of people with persistent chylomicronemia and their response to emerging therapies is essential to correctly establish their risk trajectory and ensure equitable access to personalized treatment.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"75-88"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143381294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cardiometabolic risk factors in women: what's sauce for the goose is not sauce for the gander. 女性的心脏代谢风险因素："鹅 "有 "鹅 "的好处，"人 "没有 "人 "的好处。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000882

Wann Jia Loh, Gerald F Watts

引用次数: 0

Perspectives on early health economic evaluations of RNA therapies targeted at lipoprotein(a).

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000904

Angela Burvill, Gerald F Watts, Zanfina Ademi

{"title":"Perspectives on early health economic evaluations of RNA therapies targeted at lipoprotein(a).","authors":"Angela Burvill, Gerald F Watts, Zanfina Ademi","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000904","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000904","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Early health economic evaluations of new medications are useful, as they consider the implications for health services.We reviewed recent literature on expected clinical outcomes of lowering of elevated plasma lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] in secondary prevention, which is essential information on effectiveness for economic evaluations.We reviewed a recent early economic evaluation of RNA therapies targeted at Lp(a).Recent findings: RNA-based therapies, if approved, would likely be used initially in adults with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and very high Lp(a). Adults with ASCVD have high absolute risk of recurrent events and elevated Lp(a) serves as a risk-enhancing factor.Potent lowering of Lp(a) in secondary prevention may be associated with significant relative risk reductions of coronary heart disease or ASCVD events; this needs confirmation in currently ongoing and future clinical trials.One economic evaluation has estimated the value of olpasiran and pelacarsen, at various willingness-to-pay thresholds, compared with standard-of-care secondary prevention.Summary: Early economic evaluations estimate longer-term clinical benefits and cost consequences associated with new medications.Existing casual evidence of Lp(a) and cardiovascular disease can be used in early economic evaluations as best available evidence, while awaiting results from major cardiovascular outcomes trials.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"89-95"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143398557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New perspectives on the high-density lipoprotein system and its role in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 高密度脂蛋白系统及其在预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病中作用的新视角。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000879

Nick S R Lan, Gerald F Watts

{"title":"New perspectives on the high-density lipoprotein system and its role in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.","authors":"Nick S R Lan, Gerald F Watts","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000879","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000879","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The causal role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains debated. Considering recent evidence, the purpose of this review is to a provide a focused update and new perspectives on HDL and CVD.Recent findings: A Mendelian randomization study demonstrated an increased risk of CVD when HDL-cholesterol was predominantly transported in larger HDL particles and a decreased risk of CVD when HDL-cholesterol was predominantly transported in smaller HDL particles. Moreover, another Mendelian randomization study demonstrated that concentration and content of medium HDL particles is associated with CVD. A Mendelian randomization study that utilized stratified analyses demonstrated that individuals with HDL-cholesterol 50 mg/dl or less were at increased risk of CVD. Lastly, the AEGIS-II trial demonstrated that CSL112, a human apolipoprotein A-I that increases cholesterol efflux, did not significantly reduce cardiovascular events in patients at very high risk. Exploratory analyses showed that patients treated with CSL112 had numerically lower rates of cardiovascular events.Summary: Qualitative markers of HDL may be causally related to CVD. There is a need for ongoing research into HDL therapeutics that promote the biological properties of HDL. The optimal cohort or disease state that will benefit from these therapies needs to be identified.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"66-74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141874386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0