Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity最新文献

Obesity, insulin resistance and fertility: unresolved questions and emerging insights. 肥胖，胰岛素抵抗和生育：未解决的问题和新见解。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000907

Kavita Narula, Julia S Kenkre, Wann Jia Loh, Tricia Tan

{"title":"Obesity, insulin resistance and fertility: unresolved questions and emerging insights.","authors":"Kavita Narula, Julia S Kenkre, Wann Jia Loh, Tricia Tan","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000907","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000907","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Obesity significantly impacts fertility in women, contributing to hormonal imbalances, ovulatory dysfunction, and poor reproductive outcomes. This is especially pronounced in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), where obesity and insulin resistance exacerbate fertility challenges. Moreover, obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and gestational diabetes (GDM), further complicating reproductive health. Effective weight loss interventions before conception are essential to improve fertility and reduce the risks of adverse perinatal outcomes, such as GDM, hypertensive disorders, and neonatal complications.Recent findings: Lifestyle modifications, including modest calorie restriction and exercise, improve ovulatory function and pregnancy rates but have limited impact on live-birth rates during fertility treatments. Very low-calorie diets (VLCDs) achieve rapid weight loss but raise concerns about maternal nutrition. Pharmacotherapy offers modest benefits for weight loss and fertility, though teratogenic risks persist. Bariatric surgery often results in significant weight loss and enhanced fertility, yet requires careful timing and management of potential nutrient deficiencies.Summary: Weight-loss interventions show promise in addressing obesity-related fertility issues, but long-term outcomes and optimal strategies remain unclear. Further research is needed to bridge these gaps and improve reproductive outcomes following weight reduction.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"108-114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial introduction. 编辑介绍。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000910

引用次数: 0

Targeting apolipoprotein C-III: a game changer for pancreatitis prevention in severe hypertriglyceridemia. 靶向载脂蛋白 C-III：改变严重高甘油三酯血症患者胰腺炎预防的游戏规则。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000906

Bram M Weijs, Reindert F Oostveen, Jordan M Kraaijenhof, Erik S G Stroes

{"title":"Targeting apolipoprotein C-III: a game changer for pancreatitis prevention in severe hypertriglyceridemia.","authors":"Bram M Weijs, Reindert F Oostveen, Jordan M Kraaijenhof, Erik S G Stroes","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000906","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000906","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The aim of this review is to examine recent advancements in RNA-targeted therapies for the management of severe hypertriglyceridemia (sHTG) and prevention of sHTG-associated acute pancreatitis.Recent findings: Recent developments in RNA-targeted therapies, aimed at inhibiting apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III), have demonstrated substantial and sustained reductions in triglyceride levels. Novel therapies, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and small interfering RNA (siRNA), such as volanesorsen, olezarsen, and plozasiran, have shown promising results in recent trials. These therapies not only effectively lower plasma triglyceride levels but also significantly reduce the incidence of acute pancreatitis.Summary: SHTG is a high-burden metabolic disorder that is associated with a significantly increased incidence and severity of acute pancreatitis. Traditional lifestyle interventions and conventional therapies, including fibrates and n-3 fatty acids, often provide only modest reductions in triglycerides and fail to prevent sHTG-associated acute pancreatitis. The emergence of novel and targeted RNA-therapies represents a potential breakthrough in the management of sHTG and acute pancreatitis prevention.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"126-132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Circadian rhythms and gastrointestinal hormone-related appetite regulation. 昼夜节律和胃肠激素相关的食欲调节。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000908

Steven K Malin

{"title":"Circadian rhythms and gastrointestinal hormone-related appetite regulation.","authors":"Steven K Malin","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000908","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000908","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Circadian biology influences the gastrointestinal system as exemplified by hormonal patterns that modulate appetite. Indeed, people tend to get hungrier towards the later parts of the day. How misalignment of our circadian biology with behavioral factors (i.e. diet, exercise, sleep, etc.) influences obesity related disease has been an area of intense recent investigation.Recent findings: The gastrointestinal hormones (e.g. ghrelin, glucagon-like polypeptide-1, glucose dependent insulinotrophic peptide, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine, and insulin) play unique roles across the 24-h cycle in fostering anticipatory responses that promote desires to eat while concurrently responding to environmental stimuli. A persons chronotype has emerged as a target area since it provides a metric of circadian biology interacting with environmental factors and affects all people. In fact, later chronotypes tend to be at higher risk for obesity, due to in part, alterations in gastrointestinal hormones (e.g. GIP, insulin) that align with behavioral observations of greater food intake and desires to eat fatty/sweet foods later in the day.Summary: Changes in gastrointestinal hormones across the 24-h cycle impact obesity risk when misalignment of our circadian biology occurs with behavioral cycles. Better understanding how chronotype modulates appetite may enable personalized prescription of exercise, diet and/or medication to foster reduced chronic disease risk.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"97-101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12043425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Irritable bowel syndrome, the gut microbiome, and diet. 肠易激综合症，肠道微生物群和饮食。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000905

Rosa Lu Yu, H Christian Weber

{"title":"Irritable bowel syndrome, the gut microbiome, and diet.","authors":"Rosa Lu Yu, H Christian Weber","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000905","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000905","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To provide an update of recent studies exploring the role of the gut microbiota and diet in the pathogenesis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).Recent findings: The human gut microbiome has been recognized as an important, active source of signaling molecules that explain in part the disorder of the gut brain interaction (DGBI) in IBS. Subsequent changes in the metabolome such as the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and serotonin are associated with IBS symptoms. Dietary components are recognized as important triggers of IBS symptoms and a diet low in fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) has been shown effective and safe, even when used long-term. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in IBS has not shown sustained and effective IBS symptom reduction in controlled clinical trials.Summary: This update elucidates recent developments in IBS as it relates to clinical trial results targeting dietary and gut microbiota interventions. The gut microbiome is metabolically active and affects the bi-directional signaling of the gut-brain axis.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"102-107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Current opinions invited review: testosterone and transgender medicine. 目前的意见邀请审查：睾酮和跨性别医学。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000912

Jinghang Luo, Rita Upreti

{"title":"Current opinions invited review: testosterone and transgender medicine.","authors":"Jinghang Luo, Rita Upreti","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000912","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000912","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Transgender individuals have a gender identity incongruent with their sex assigned at birth. Social, medical and surgical methods are often affirming. This review focuses on updates from the last 18 months mainly in testosterone use in masculinising gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) in postpubertal adults, and also antiandrogens for suppression or blockade of endogenous testosterone in feminising GAHT. Mental and sexual healthcare are vital for many transgender patients, but are not the focus of this review.Recent findings: There has been a considerable increase in publications regarding testosterone GAHT in recent years, though narrative reviews, opinion pieces and case series continue to dominate. There has also been a notable increase in prospective studies and valuable data particularly from large longitudinal cohorts and studies aiming to refine GAHT prescribing and better understand long-term effects on aspects such as fertility, cardiometabolic and bone health as well as adverse effects.Summary: Testosterone GAHT is life changing. Increased research will help GAHT optimisation, and improve understanding of tissue-specific impacts and long-term safety. Longer-term data, prospective studies and utilisation of novel research tools and approaches are needed to enrich our understanding and prescribing of testosterone and its blockers in GAHT.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"115-125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Management of adrenal incidentalomas: who, why and how? 肾上腺偶发瘤的管理：谁，为什么和如何？

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000917

Marta Araujo-Castro, María Bernarda Iriarte-Durán, Paola Parra-Ramírez, Sara Donato

{"title":"Management of adrenal incidentalomas: who, why and how?","authors":"Marta Araujo-Castro, María Bernarda Iriarte-Durán, Paola Parra-Ramírez, Sara Donato","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000917","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To summarize the epidemiology and clinical implications of adrenal incidentalomas, as well as the recommended hormonal and radiological evaluation, treatment and follow-up that should be carried out in patients with adrenal incidentalomas.Recent findings: The prevalence of adrenal incidentalomas has increased in the last decades due to advanced and more sensitive imaging modalities, their increased utilization, and the aging population. The evaluation of patients with adrenal incidentalomas should be focused on addressing two questions: Is the tumor functional, and is the tumor malignant? In relation to functionality, although most adrenal incidentalomas are clinically nonfunctioning, a significant proportion of patients have mild autonomous cortisol secretion and a lower proportion over functional adrenal syndromes. The differentiation between malignant and benign lesions is usually based on the radiological appearance of the lesion in CT and/or MRI. Adrenalectomy is considered the first-line treatment for malignant and functioning tumors. Radiological follow-up is not necessary for lesions classified as benign, but for indeterminate lesions, CT/MRI should be repeated in 6-12 months.Summary: Adrenal incidentalomas are a common clinical problem, and their assessment should be focused on ruling out hormonal hypersecretion and malignancy. In general, adrenalectomy is considered the treatment of choice for malignant and functioning adrenal tumors.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An update on bone in diabetes. 糖尿病中骨骼的最新进展。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000915

Ornpicha Laohajaroensombat, Methavee Poochanasri, Parinya Samakkarnthai

{"title":"An update on bone in diabetes.","authors":"Ornpicha Laohajaroensombat, Methavee Poochanasri, Parinya Samakkarnthai","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000915","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: As the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) increases due to urbanization, aging populations, and lifestyle changes, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetes-related bone disorders. This review highlights recent advancements in the field and explores their implications for clinical practice and research.Recent findings: Recent studies have elucidated the complex interplay between diabetes and bone health, emphasizing the roles of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), inflammation, oxidative stress, senescence, and molecular signaling pathways such as Wnt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and exosome-mediated mechanisms. Key findings highlight the significance of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) in bone metabolism and the impact of sarcopenia on fracture risk. Novel diagnostic tools, including miRNA biomarkers and emerging therapeutic strategies like exosome-based therapies and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) inhibitors, offer promising opportunities for improving bone health in diabetic patients.Summary: The findings underscore the need for integrated strategies for managing diabetes-related bone complications. Clinicians should prioritize early screening, lifestyle interventions, and personalized pharmacological treatments to mitigate fracture risk and improve bone health in diabetic patients. Future research should focus on optimizing diagnostic tools and developing targeted therapies to address the unique challenges of bone disorders related to diabetes.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent advances in the role of miRNAs in bone disease. mirna在骨病中作用的最新进展。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000914

Martina Faraldi, Veronica Sansoni, Giovanni Lombardi

{"title":"Recent advances in the role of miRNAs in bone disease.","authors":"Martina Faraldi, Veronica Sansoni, Giovanni Lombardi","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000914","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review explores the potential of circulating miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for osteoporosis and bone associated disease, highlighting challenges in translating miRNA findings into clinical practice, including variability in circulating miRNA levels, the need for robust assay methods, and the importance of preanalytical and postanalytical variables.Recent finding: Recent finding in miRNA research have identified miRNAs involved in bone cells differentiation, function, and in the regulation of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Novel miRNAs associated with osteoporosis, fracture risk, and bone turnover, as well as their utility in distinguishing between primary and secondary forms of osteoporosis have been recently identified. On the other hand, clinical implementation of miRNAs is still limited due to the lack of standardized analytical procedures.Summary: miRNAs are noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression, making them key players in complex biological processes, such as bone metabolism. The altered expression of several miRNAs may contribute to bone disorders, including osteoporosis. While significant progress has been made in identifying circulating miRNAs associated with bone disorders, the clinical implementation of miRNA-based diagnostics requires further research and standardization of methods before becoming part of clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of endocrinal dysregulations in traumatic heterotopic ossification pathogenesis. 内分泌失调在外伤性异位骨化发病机制中的作用。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000913

Jean-Pierre Lévesque, Kylie A Alexander

{"title":"Role of endocrinal dysregulations in traumatic heterotopic ossification pathogenesis.","authors":"Jean-Pierre Lévesque, Kylie A Alexander","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000913","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The skeletal system is one of the main targets of endocrine hormone dysregulation. After briefly summarizing the endocrinal regulation of the skeleton, this review focuses on the recent advances in our understanding of how endocrine dysregulations promote the development of heterotopic bones after trauma.Recent findings: Endocrinal regulation of skeletal fetal development, and growth is well established. However, whether trauma such as central nervous system insults, hip arthroplasty and severe burns trigger heterotopic ossifications via hormonal dysregulation has just begun to be investigated. Recent findings in mouse models of trauma-induced and most particularly spinal cord injury-induced heterotopic ossifications suggest that spinal cord injury leads to stimulation of catecholamine and glucocorticoid secretion by adrenal glands early post-injury, which triggers pathological bone formation in injured muscles.Summary: This review summarizes the recently identified roles of adrenal hormones in driving pathological heterotopic ossification development after spinal cord injury. Further research into how endocrine hormones regulate heterotopic bone formation after trauma is essential and likely to reveal new targetable pathways to prevent pathological heterotopic ossifications.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0