Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity最新文献_第2页

An update on investigation and management of renal bone disease.

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000911

Nicholas S Kowalczyk, Stuart M Sprague

{"title":"An update on investigation and management of renal bone disease.","authors":"Nicholas S Kowalczyk, Stuart M Sprague","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000911","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Renal bone disease has significant detrimental effects on both cardiovascular and bone health. It is important to understand that the pathophysiologic mechanisms are different from traditional causes of bone disease; and thus, the monitoring and treatment of this disease process requires special attention. Although new guidelines are overdue, progress has been made in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia as well as investigational therapies for renal osteodystrophy.Recent findings: At a time when the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease was once diet and phosphate binders, the novel agent tenapanor, an inhibitor of NHE3, has since been demonstrated to be effective in patients on dialysis as monotherapy or in conjunction with phosphate binders, potentially improving pill burden. Furthermore, the investigational treatment of osteoporosis in chronic kidney disease has expanded since bone mineral density testing has been adopted in practice in these populations.Summary: New pathways for phosphate control are continually being investigated, changing practice patterns and quality of life for patients. Further research is needed in the safety and efficacy of antiresorptive and stimulatory bone agents to target the variety of mechanisms of osteoporosis; however, small studies appear promising and could change the way these patient populations are treated.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Obesity, insulin resistance and fertility: unresolved questions and emerging insights.

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000907

Kavita Narula, Julia S Kenkre, Wann Jia Loh, Tricia Tan

{"title":"Obesity, insulin resistance and fertility: unresolved questions and emerging insights.","authors":"Kavita Narula, Julia S Kenkre, Wann Jia Loh, Tricia Tan","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000907","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Obesity significantly impacts fertility in women, contributing to hormonal imbalances, ovulatory dysfunction, and poor reproductive outcomes. This is especially pronounced in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), where obesity and insulin resistance exacerbate fertility challenges. Moreover, obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and gestational diabetes (GDM), further complicating reproductive health. Effective weight loss interventions before conception are essential to improve fertility and reduce the risks of adverse perinatal outcomes, such as GDM, hypertensive disorders, and neonatal complications.Recent findings: Lifestyle modifications, including modest calorie restriction and exercise, improve ovulatory function and pregnancy rates but have limited impact on live-birth rates during fertility treatments. Very low-calorie diets (VLCDs) achieve rapid weight loss but raise concerns about maternal nutrition. Pharmacotherapy offers modest benefits for weight loss and fertility, though teratogenic risks persist. Bariatric surgery often results in significant weight loss and enhanced fertility, yet requires careful timing and management of potential nutrient deficiencies.Summary: Weight-loss interventions show promise in addressing obesity-related fertility issues, but long-term outcomes and optimal strategies remain unclear. Further research is needed to bridge these gaps and improve reproductive outcomes following weight reduction.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Circadian rhythms and gastrointestinal hormone-related appetite regulation.

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000908

Steven K Malin

{"title":"Circadian rhythms and gastrointestinal hormone-related appetite regulation.","authors":"Steven K Malin","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000908","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Circadian biology influences the gastrointestinal system as exemplified by hormonal patterns that modulate appetite. Indeed, people tend to get hungrier towards the later parts of the day. How misalignment of our circadian biology with behavioral factors (i.e. diet, exercise, sleep, etc.) influences obesity related disease has been an area of intense recent investigation.Recent findings: The gastrointestinal hormones (e.g. ghrelin, glucagon-like polypeptide-1, glucose dependent insulinotrophic peptide, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine, and insulin) play unique roles across the 24-h cycle in fostering anticipatory responses that promote desires to eat while concurrently responding to environmental stimuli. A persons chronotype has emerged as a target area since it provides a metric of circadian biology interacting with environmental factors and affects all people. In fact, later chronotypes tend to be at higher risk for obesity, due to in part, alterations in gastrointestinal hormones (e.g. GIP, insulin) that align with behavioral observations of greater food intake and desires to eat fatty/sweet foods later in the day.Summary: Changes in gastrointestinal hormones across the 24-h cycle impact obesity risk when misalignment of our circadian biology occurs with behavioral cycles. Better understanding how chronotype modulates appetite may enable personalized prescription of exercise, diet and/or medication to foster reduced chronic disease risk.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Targeting apolipoprotein C-III: a game changer for pancreatitis prevention in severe hypertriglyceridemia. 靶向载脂蛋白 C-III：改变严重高甘油三酯血症患者胰腺炎预防的游戏规则。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000906

Bram M Weijs, Reindert F Oostveen, Jordan M Kraaijenhof, Erik S G Stroes

{"title":"Targeting apolipoprotein C-III: a game changer for pancreatitis prevention in severe hypertriglyceridemia.","authors":"Bram M Weijs, Reindert F Oostveen, Jordan M Kraaijenhof, Erik S G Stroes","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000906","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The aim of this review is to examine recent advancements in RNA-targeted therapies for the management of severe hypertriglyceridemia (sHTG) and prevention of sHTG-associated acute pancreatitis.Recent findings: Recent developments in RNA-targeted therapies, aimed at inhibiting apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III), have demonstrated substantial and sustained reductions in triglyceride levels. Novel therapies, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and small interfering RNA (siRNA), such as volanesorsen, olezarsen, and plozasiran, have shown promising results in recent trials. These therapies not only effectively lower plasma triglyceride levels but also significantly reduce the incidence of acute pancreatitis.Summary: SHTG is a high-burden metabolic disorder that is associated with a significantly increased incidence and severity of acute pancreatitis. Traditional lifestyle interventions and conventional therapies, including fibrates and n-3 fatty acids, often provide only modest reductions in triglycerides and fail to prevent sHTG-associated acute pancreatitis. The emergence of novel and targeted RNA-therapies represents a potential breakthrough in the management of sHTG and acute pancreatitis prevention.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Irritable bowel syndrome, the gut microbiome, and diet.

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000905

Rosa Lu Yu, H Christian Weber

{"title":"Irritable bowel syndrome, the gut microbiome, and diet.","authors":"Rosa Lu Yu, H Christian Weber","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000905","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To provide an update of recent studies exploring the role of the gut microbiota and diet in the pathogenesis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).Recent findings: The human gut microbiome has been recognized as an important, active source of signaling molecules that explain in part the disorder of the gut brain interaction (DGBI) in IBS. Subsequent changes in the metabolome such as the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and serotonin are associated with IBS symptoms. Dietary components are recognized as important triggers of IBS symptoms and a diet low in fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) has been shown effective and safe, even when used long-term. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in IBS has not shown sustained and effective IBS symptom reduction in controlled clinical trials.Summary: This update elucidates recent developments in IBS as it relates to clinical trial results targeting dietary and gut microbiota interventions. The gut microbiome is metabolically active and affects the bi-directional signaling of the gut-brain axis.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial introductions. 编辑介绍。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000897

引用次数: 0

Overview of diabetes agents in cardiovascular disease: it takes an orchestra to play Tchaikovsky in symphony. 糖尿病在心血管疾病中的作用概述：柴可夫斯基的交响乐需要一个管弦乐队来演奏。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000892

Wann Jia Loh

{"title":"Overview of diabetes agents in cardiovascular disease: it takes an orchestra to play Tchaikovsky in symphony.","authors":"Wann Jia Loh","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000892","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000892","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The aim of this review was to discuss the use and concerns of diabetes agents, clinical targets, and key aspects to be considered in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and at high risk or established cardiovascular disease (CVD).Recent findings: The recent European and American guidelines recommended SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists as the preferred first-line diabetes agents in patients with T2DM and CVD. This is a paradigm shift from using metformin as first-line therapy. Amid their widespread use, however, there are also concerns about their side effects. With the rapidly growing diabetes regimens available, questions arise about how best to approach the management of patients with T2DM and CVD.Summary: To reduce CVD morbidity and mortality in patients with T2DM and at high or very high risk for CVD, the two key diabetes agents SGLT2i and/or GLP1-based therapies should be offered. Although lacking cardiovascular benefit, other diabetes agents remain necessary for many patients with T2DM for their glucocentric effects; Metformin and pioglitazone are useful in severe insulin resistance, while insulin therapy is often necessary in advanced diabetes; GLP1-RA is cautioned in patients with active gastrointestinal and mental health conditions, while DPP4 inhibitor is likely a well tolerated option in a challenging psychosocial setting. Other important aspects that should be considered include obesity, chronic kidney disease, women's cardiovascular health, and psychosocial factors.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":"32 1","pages":"3-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

GLP-1RA based therapies in the young and old. GLP-1RA为基础的治疗在年轻人和老年人。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000900

Georgia Rigas, Shirley Alexander, Cilla J Haywood

{"title":"GLP-1RA based therapies in the young and old.","authors":"Georgia Rigas, Shirley Alexander, Cilla J Haywood","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000900","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Obesity is recognized as a \"gateway\" chronic, progressive disease of dysfunctional adipocytes. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist-based therapies (GLP1BTs), including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) with/without glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), have demonstrated clinically significant weight loss and health gains in adults, hence interest in using them in younger and older people. Therefore, reviewing the role of GLP1BTs in these populations is pertinent and timely.Recent findings: Recent American Pediatric Guidelines emphasize the need for early introduction of obesity-management medication (OMM). This review evaluates the recently published data evaluating use of GLP1BTs in young people with obesity and/or youth onset Type 2 diabetes (YOT2D).Large studies of GLP1BTs in adults included those over 65, however no separate trial has looked at this heterogeneous group. This review translates the evidence, as it pertains to those over 65 where possible.Summary: Newer-generation GLP1BTs specifically target pathways involved in energy balance, glycaemic control and other metabolic functions, heralding a new era for the management of younger people.Published cardiovascular outcome trial (CVOT) data presented in this review support the utility of GLP1BTs in the management of older people living with obesity and/or Type 2 diabetes (T2D), with the reassurance of no new safety signals identified. Maturation of the longer-term data and publication of the additional CVOT data in cohorts of differing health complexity will provide further insights.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":"32 1","pages":"26-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Type 2 diabetes: a contemporary view from the Asian lens. 2 型糖尿病：从亚洲视角看当代问题。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000895

Jeyakantha Ratnasingam, Quan Hziung Lim, Siew Pheng Chan

{"title":"Type 2 diabetes: a contemporary view from the Asian lens.","authors":"Jeyakantha Ratnasingam, Quan Hziung Lim, Siew Pheng Chan","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000895","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000895","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The aim of this article was to review the up-to-date evidence with regards to the unique features of the Type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathophysiology, complications, response to therapy with the possibility of precision medicine guiding therapeutic decision making in Asia.Recent findings: Asia is the epicenter of diabetes. There have been marked advances with genotyping and phenotyping of the Asian patient with T2D, particularly with young onset diabetes where early beta cell failure and rapid progression of complications are more frequent. As Asians have lower muscle mass and higher adiposity, sarcopenia is increasingly associated with diabetes. Response to lifestyle and pharmacotherapy are generally similar, but unique features exist with different populations. Across Asia, use of guideline directed medical therapy for cardio-renal protection are recommended, but uptake of these newer agents are suboptimal and barriers exist with regards to standardized care.Summary: Although many similarities have been observed across Asia, due to the heterogeneity of populations within Asia, further research is required to streamline and pave the way towards precision medicine. There is an urgent need for region wide consensus to minimize barriers to diabetes care and stigma in diabetes terminology across Asia.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"20-25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diabetes agents taking centre stage, playing to the beats of Canon in D. 糖尿病药物占据了舞台的中心，伴随着佳能D调的节奏。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000898

Wann Jia Loh

引用次数: 0