Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity最新文献_第2页

Testosterone and male contraception. 睾酮与男性避孕

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000880

Arthi Thirumalai, Stephanie T Page

{"title":"Testosterone and male contraception.","authors":"Arthi Thirumalai, Stephanie T Page","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000880","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Rates of unintended pregnancy have remained relatively stagnant for many years, despite a broad array of female contraceptive options. Recent restrictions on access to abortion in some countries have increased the urgency for expanding contraceptive options. Increasing data suggest men are keen to utilize novel reversible male contraceptives.Recent findings: Despite decades of clinical research in male contraception, no reversible hormonal product currently exists. Nestorone/testosterone, among other novel androgens, shows promise to finally move to pivotal Phase 3 studies and introduction to the marketplace.Summary: Hormonal male contraception utilizes androgens or androgen-progestin combinations to exploit negative feedback that regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. By suppressing release of gonadotropins, these agents markedly decrease endogenous testosterone production, lower intratesticular testosterone and suppress spermatogenesis. The addition of a progestin enhances the degree and speed of sperm suppression. The androgen component preserves a state of symptomatic eugonadism in the male. There is growing demand and acceptance of male contraceptive options in various forms. As these formulations progress through stages of drug development, regulatory oversight and communication with developers around safety and efficacy standards and garnering industry support for advancing the production of male contraceptives will be imperative.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141999519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The use of anabolic agents in the treatment of osteoporosis: a clinical update. 使用同化制剂治疗骨质疏松症：临床更新。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000867

Charles A Inderjeeth, Diren C Inderjeeth

{"title":"The use of anabolic agents in the treatment of osteoporosis: a clinical update.","authors":"Charles A Inderjeeth, Diren C Inderjeeth","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000867","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000867","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Anabolic therapies have revolutionized the management of patients with osteoporosis, especially those at very high fracture risk. The current review offers valuable insights into the latest evidence and guidelines on the use of anabolic agents, focusing on their comparative efficacy, safety profiles, and optimal implementation in clinical practice.Recent findings: Romosozumab, abaloparatide, and teriparatide have shown superior efficacy when compared to antiresorptive therapies in increasing bone mineral density and reducing fracture risk. Notably, sequential treatment strategies, commencing with an anabolic agent followed by an antiresorptive, has emerged as an effective approach for both rapid and sustained reduction of fracture risk in patients at high risk. Additionally, anabolics have shown potential in improving outcomes for patients who have a suboptimal response to antiresorptives. Careful patient selection and vigilant monitoring are essential to optimize therapeutic benefits while mitigating the potential risks. As we gain more clinical experience with these agents, we will better understand how to use them effectively, as part of long term, sequential treatment strategies. Ongoing research into novel anabolic therapies and innovative treatment sequences holds promise for expanding our toolkit against fragility fractures.Summary: Integrating anabolic agents into personalized treatment plans has the potential to significantly improve outcomes and quality of life for patients with severe osteoporosis, highlighting the importance of this therapeutic class in the management of this chronic condition.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140944522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Update on fracture risk assessment in osteoporosis. 骨质疏松症骨折风险评估的最新进展。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000871

Eugene McCloskey, Andre T H Tan, Marian Schini

{"title":"Update on fracture risk assessment in osteoporosis.","authors":"Eugene McCloskey, Andre T H Tan, Marian Schini","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000871","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000871","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The assessment of fracture risk is playing an ever-increasing role in osteoporosis clinical management and informing international guidelines for osteoporosis. FRAX, a fracture risk calculator that provides individualized 10-year probabilities of hip and major osteoporotic fracture, has been widely used since 2008. In this review, we recap the development and limitations of intervention thresholds and the role of absolute fracture risk.Recent findings: There is an increasing awareness of disparities and inequities in the setting of intervention thresholds in osteoporosis. The limitations of the simple use of prior fracture or the DXA-derived BMD T -score threshold are increasingly being discussed; one solution is to use fracture risk or probabilities in the setting of such thresholds. This approach also permits more objective assessment of high and very high fracture risk to enable physicians to make choices not just about the need to treat but what agents to use in individual patients.Summary: Like all clinical tools, FRAX has limitations that need to be considered, but the use of fracture risk in deciding who to treat, when to treat and what agent to use is a mechanism to target treatment equitably to those at an increased risk of fracture.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141160888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hypoparathyroidism update. 甲状旁腺功能减退症的最新进展

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000868

Cherie Chiang

{"title":"Hypoparathyroidism update.","authors":"Cherie Chiang","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000868","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000868","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Since the release of the 2022 Second International Workshop Evaluation and Management of Hypoparathyroidism Summary Statement and Guidelines, updates and advances are now available in the cause, complications, and treatment of adult chronic hypoparathyroidism (hypoPTH). This review aims to highlight these new findings and implications to patient care.Recent findings: Postsurgical hypoparathyroidism remains the most common cause, immune-related hypoparathyroidism from checkpoint inhibitors is an emerging autoimmune cause. In a large retrospective cohort study of thyroidectomies, incident fracture was lower, particularly in the vertebra, in the hypoPTH cohort, compared with postthyroidectomy control group. Hypercalciuria increases risk for renal calculi in hypoPTH independent of disease duration and treatment dose. Quality of life is impaired in hypoPTH patients on conventional therapy, improvement was noted post-PTH replacement. TranCon PTH phase 3 RCT reported eucalcemia with reduced renal calcium excretion, normalization of bone turn-over markers, stable BMD and improved quality of life.Summary: HypoPTH is a chronic disease associated with significant morbidity and poor Quality of Life. Awareness of treatment targets and follow-up investigations can alleviate patient anxiety regarding over-treatment and under-treatment. Progress in long-acting PTH replacement strategies might provide accessible, feasible alternatives to conventional therapy in brittle hypoPTH patients.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141064553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insight into the potential of bone turnover biomarkers: integration in the management of osteoporosis and chronic kidney disease-associated osteoporosis. 洞察骨转换生物标志物的潜力：整合骨质疏松症和慢性肾病相关骨质疏松症的管理。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000869

Pauline Brouwers, Antoine Bouquegneau, Etienne Cavalier

{"title":"Insight into the potential of bone turnover biomarkers: integration in the management of osteoporosis and chronic kidney disease-associated osteoporosis.","authors":"Pauline Brouwers, Antoine Bouquegneau, Etienne Cavalier","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000869","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000869","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Disturbances in mineral and bone metabolism occurring in osteoporosis and chronic kidney disease-associated osteoporosis place patients at high risk of fracture making these conditions a major public health concern. Due to the limited use of bone histomorphometry in clinical practice, the gold standard for assessing bone turnover, extensive efforts have been made to identify bone turnover markers (BTMs) as noninvasive surrogates. Since the identification of certain commonly used markers several decades ago, considerable experience has been acquired regarding their clinical utility in such bone disorders.Recent findings: Mounting evidence suggested that BTMs represent a simple, low-risk, rapid and convenient way to obtain data on the skeletal health and that they may be useful in guiding therapeutic choices and monitoring the response to treatment.Summary: BTMs could provide clinicians with useful information, independent from, and often complementary to bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. They have proven valuable for monitoring the effectiveness of osteoporosis therapy, as well as promising for discriminating low and high turnover states. Improved performance is observed when BTMs are combined, which may be useful for selecting treatments for chronic kidney disease-bone mineral disorders (CKD-MBD).","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141158139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent advances in fibroblast growth factor 23-related hypophosphatemic disorders. 成纤维细胞生长因子 23 相关低磷血症的最新进展。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000866

Yuichi Takashi, Daiji Kawanami, Seiji Fukumoto

{"title":"Recent advances in fibroblast growth factor 23-related hypophosphatemic disorders.","authors":"Yuichi Takashi, Daiji Kawanami, Seiji Fukumoto","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000866","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000866","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a hormone to reduce blood phosphate concentration. Excessive actions of FGF23 induce FGF23-related hypophosphatemic disorders, such as X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) and tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO). We will summarize recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of FGF23-related hypophosphatemic disorders.Recent findings: The measurement of blood FGF23 is useful to make a diagnosis of FGF23-related hypophosphatemic disorders. It was reported that many patients with FGF23-related hypophosphatemic disorders, especially TIO, were misdiagnosed, therefore, it is necessary to enhance the awareness of these diseases. A novel method to inhibit excessive actions of FGF23 by a human monoclonal antibody for FGF23, burosumab, has been approved in several countries. In more long-term observation than clinical trials, burosumab has also been shown to improve biochemical abnormalities and symptoms of rickets/osteomalacia. Following these advances, several registries and consensus recommendations on FGF23-related hypophosphatemic disorders, especially XLH, have been established in each country or region.Summary: Further long-term effects of burosumab and the precise mechanism of FGF23 overproduction in patients with FGF23-related hypophosphatemic disorders need to be clarified in the future studies.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140853015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coronary artery event-free or resilient familial hypercholesterolemia: what's in a name? 冠状动脉无事件或复原性家族性高胆固醇血症：名字里有什么？

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000874

Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh, Dick C Chan, Pedro Mata, Gerald F Watts

{"title":"Coronary artery event-free or resilient familial hypercholesterolemia: what's in a name?","authors":"Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh, Dick C Chan, Pedro Mata, Gerald F Watts","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000874","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal semi-dominant condition, characterized by excessive circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) from birth that substantially accelerates the onset and progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), classically coronary artery disease (CAD). Elevated plasma LDL-C integrated over time is unequivocally the major determinant of ASCVD in heterozygous FH (HeFH); however, the wide variation in incidence and progression of ASCVD suggests a role for a wide spectrum of risk modifiers. We reviewed recent evidence describing the features of an ASCVD-free entity referred to as resilient FH among patients with HeFH.Recent findings: Compared with nonresilient FH patients, resilient patients are more likely to be female, and have a lower prevalence of ASCVD comorbidities, higher levels of HDL-C and larger HDL particles, as well as a lower level of lipoprotein(a). A lower SAFEHEART risk score is also an independent predictor of resilient FH. Gene expression studies also demonstrate that resilient FH patients are associated with a less atherogenic gene expression profile in relation to HDL metabolism and immune responses, as reflected by higher expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1, and lower expression of STAT2 and STAT3, respectively.Summary: A group of HeFH patients, referred as resilient FH, can survive to advance ages without experiencing any ASCVD events. Several key contributors to the event-fee CAD in HeFH patients have been identified. This could not only improve risk stratification and management for FH but also be of major importance for the general population in primary and secondary prevention. However, resilient FH remains an under-investigated area and requires further research.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141533936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Potassium-competitive acid blockers and acid-related disorders. 钾竞争性酸阻滞剂与酸相关疾病。

IF 3.2 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000858

Kevin Z Huang, H Christian Weber

{"title":"Potassium-competitive acid blockers and acid-related disorders.","authors":"Kevin Z Huang, H Christian Weber","doi":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000858","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MED.0000000000000858","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Potassium-competitive acid blockers (PCABs) represent a new class of compounds for the treatment of acid-related disorders. Recent FDA approval of the PCAB vonoprazan for erosive esophagitis has started an important new approach to acid-related disorders.Recent findings: Compared to conventional proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), PCABs provide more rapid, potent, and sustained suppression of gastric acid with faster and more durable symptom relief. Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of PCABs for erosive esophagitis, nonerosive reflux disease, and peptic ulcer disease including H. pylori. However, the PCAB vonoprazan was only approved in the US as part of combination therapy for eradication of H. pylori. Clinical trials have now demonstrated noninferiority of vonoprazan to lansoprazole for treatment of erosive esophagitis, particularly noting superiority of vonoprazan in patients with severe esophagitis resulting in FDA approval of vonoprazan for treatment of erosive esophagitis. Emerging data suggests a possible utility of vonoprazan for PPI-resistant gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and on-demand therapy for nonerosive reflux disease. Vonoprazan is generally well tolerated but long-term safety data is not well established.Summary: The PCAB vonoprazan is a newly FDA approved treatment option for erosive esophagitis. Its possible role in PPI-resistant GERD and nonerosive reflux disease warrants further investigation.","PeriodicalId":10964,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140119033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gut motility and hormone changes after bariatric procedures. 减肥手术后肠道蠕动和激素的变化。

IF 3.2 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000860

Khushboo Gala, Wissam Ghusn, Barham K Abu Dayyeh

引用次数: 0

Editorial overview. 编辑综述。

IF 3.2 3区医学

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000861

Horst Christian Weber

引用次数: 0