Current Research in Food Science最新文献

{"title":"Ultrasound-induced modification of pea pod protein concentrate","authors":"Semanur Yildiz ,&nbsp;Gulsah Karabulut ,&nbsp;Asli Can Karaca ,&nbsp;Oktay Yemiş","doi":"10.1016/j.crfs.2025.101031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crfs.2025.101031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural by-products have emerged as valuable resources for the sustainable production of high-quality food ingredients. Ultrasound, a novel and environmentally friendly technology, is an effective physical method for solvent-free protein modifications. This study explores the conversion of pea pods as an agricultural by-product into value-added protein-based food ingredients with multifunctional properties enhanced by high-intensity ultrasound (US). Pea pod protein concentrate in the native form (PPPC-N) obtained by alkaline extraction/isoelectric precipitation was subjected to ultrasound-induced protein modification using response surface methodology at varying amplitude (40–80 %), time (2–20 min), and protein concentration (1–5 % w/v). The US process parameters were separately optimized based on maximum solubility, emulsification, and antioxidant activity. Protein concentrates were characterized at optimal conditions (80 % amplitude, 11 min, and 1 % protein; the desirability of 0.964) based on the maximum emulsification. The optimized PPPC by US (PPPC-US) exhibited a superior solubility performance compared to PPPC-N in the pH range of 2.0–9.0. The optimal US treatment enhanced the emulsifying attributes and foaming capacity of PPPC-N with an increase of 49 %. Moreover, oil binding capacity significantly increased while water binding capacity and foam stability decreased. Developing functional ingredients from pea pod proteins can open new possibilities in formulating innovative products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10939,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Food Science","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 101031"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bovine colostrum-derived extracellular vesicles protect against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by modulating gut microbiota and enhancing gut barrier function","authors":"Daye Mun ,&nbsp;Sangdon Ryu ,&nbsp;Daniel Junpyo Lee ,&nbsp;Min-Jin Kwak ,&nbsp;Hyejin Choi ,&nbsp;An Na Kang ,&nbsp;Dong-Hyun Lim ,&nbsp;Sangnam Oh ,&nbsp;Younghoon Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.crfs.2025.101039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crfs.2025.101039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by severe fatty liver-associated inflammation and hepatocellular damage, is a major precursor to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. While the exact pathogenesis of NASH remains unclear, gut microbiota dysbiosis has been implicated as a key factor contributing to endotoxin translocation and chronic liver inflammation. Recent studies have highlighted the therapeutic potential of bovine colostrum-derived extracellular vesicles (BCEVs) in modulating gut microbiota and enhancing gut barrier function, but their effects on NASH remain largely unexplored. To investigate the potential protective effects of BCEVs against NASH, 8-wk-old mice were fed a NASH-inducing diet for 3 wks while concurrently receiving oral BCEV administration. BCEV treatment markedly ameliorated hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and inflammation. Transcriptomic analyses demonstrated a notable reduction in lipid metabolism, bacterial response, and inflammatory pathways in the intestine, as well as reduced expression of inflammation- and fibrosis-related pathways in the liver. Gut microbiota profiling revealed an increased abundance of <em>Akkermansia</em>, accompanied by enhanced cholesterol excretion. Furthermore, BCEV treatment promoted the production of tight junction proteins and mucin in the gut, reinforcing intestinal barrier integrity. These findings suggest that BCEVs promote the proliferation of <em>Akkermansia</em>, which in turn prevents endotoxin translocation to the liver. This reduction in endotoxin leakage alleviates hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Overall, this study highlights the therapeutic potential of BCEVs as a novel strategy for managing NASH by targeting the gut–liver axis through the modulation of gut microbiota and barrier function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10939,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Food Science","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 101039"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperspectral imaging for detection of macronutrients retained in glutinous rice under different drying conditions","authors":"Kabiru Ayobami Jimoh ,&nbsp;Norhashila Hashim ,&nbsp;Rosnah Shamsudin ,&nbsp;Hasfalina Che Man ,&nbsp;Mahirah Jahari ,&nbsp;Puteri Nurain Megat Ahmad Azman ,&nbsp;Daniel I. Onwude","doi":"10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study detected the macronutrients retained in glutinous rice (GR) under different drying conditions by innovatively applying visible-near infrared hyperspectral imaging coupled with different spectra preprocessing and effective wavelength selection techniques (EWs). Subsequently, predictive models were developed based on processed spectra for the detection of the macronutrients, which include protein content (PC), moisture content (MC), fat content (FC), and ash content (AC). The result shows the raw spectra-based model had a prediction accuracy (<span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>R</mi><mi>p</mi><mn>2</mn></msubsup></mrow></math></span>) of 0.6493, 0.9521, 0.4594, and 0.9773 for PC, MC, FC, and AC, respectively. Applying Savitzky Golay first derivatives (SG1D) method increases the <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>R</mi><mi>p</mi><mn>2</mn></msubsup></mrow></math></span> value to 0.9972, 0.9970, 0.9857 and 0.9972 for PC, MC, FC, and AC, respectively. Using the variable iterative space shrinkage algorithm (VISSA) as EWs reduces the spectral bands by over 60%, and this increases the accuracy of the model (SG1D-VISSA-PLSR) to 100%. Therefore, the developed SGID-VISSA-PLSR can be used to build a smart and reliable spectral system for detecting the macronutrients in GR grains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10939,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Food Science","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100963"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant activity and mechanism of action of phycocyanin in bulk sunflower oil and respective oil-in-water emulsion","authors":"Elham Ehsandoost ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hadi Eskandari ,&nbsp;Malihe Keramat ,&nbsp;Mohammad-Taghi Golmakani","doi":"10.1016/j.crfs.2025.100981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crfs.2025.100981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study compared the inhibitory mechanism of phycocyanin in sunflower oil with its activity in a sunflower oil-in-water emulsion. Additionally, the impact of lecithin on the inhibitory mechanism of phycocyanin in sunflower oil was evaluated. A sigmoidal model effectively described the oxidation kinetics. In both sunflower oil and sunflower oil-in-water emulsion, phycocyanin pro-oxidatively attacked lipid hydroperoxides besides inhibiting lipid hydroperoxides. The antioxidant activity of sunflower oil containing phycocyanin and lecithin was 2.2-fold greater than that of sunflower oil containing lecithin alone. The addition of lecithin enhanced the interfacial activity of phycocyanin and altered its hydrogen donating and electron transfer mechanisms. Also, by comparing the reverse micelles size samples of sunflower oil samples containing lecithin, we discovered that lecithin can enhance the potency of phycocyanin by boosting the ability of reverse micelles to incorporate lipid hydroperoxides within their structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10939,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Food Science","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100981"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and characterization of a chicory extract fermented by Akkermansia muciniphila: An in vitro study on its potential to modulate obesity-related inflammation","authors":"A. Chervet ,&nbsp;R. Nehme ,&nbsp;C. Defois-Fraysse ,&nbsp;C. Decombat ,&nbsp;C. Blavignac ,&nbsp;C. Auxenfans ,&nbsp;B. Evrard ,&nbsp;S. Michel ,&nbsp;E. Filaire ,&nbsp;J.-Y. Berthon ,&nbsp;A. Dreux-Zigha ,&nbsp;L. Delort ,&nbsp;F. Caldefie-Chézet","doi":"10.1016/j.crfs.2025.100974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crfs.2025.100974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity, the fifth leading cause of death globally and linked to chronic low-grade inflammation and development of numerous severe pathologies, is a major public health problem. Fermented foods, probiotics, and postbiotics emerge as promising avenues for combating obesity and inflammation. The aim of our study was to develop and characterize phyto-postbiotics corresponding to prebiotic compounds fermented by gut bacteria, which could act on obesity and related-inflammation. Chicory extract fermented by <em>Akkermansia muciniphila</em> (C-Akm) was selected as the most antioxidant of 20 fermented extracts. The identification of metabolites derived from C-Akm extract has enabled us to detect mostly amino acids, acids, and some polyphenols (daidzein and genistein). The anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity activities of C-Akm extract were studied by testing the extract (50 μg/mL) on the polarization of THP-1 into macrophages, the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated PBMCs, and the secretion of leptin and adiponectin in adipospheroids derived from human adipose stem cells. Finally, the extract was examined in 3D co-culture model mimicking inflamed obese adipose tissue. We found that C-Akm extract decreased ROS generation, <em>TNF-α</em> and <em>Il-6</em> gene expression in polarized macrophages, INFγ and IL-17A secretion in LPS-stimulated PBMCs stimulated with LPS. It also decreased <em>leptin</em> expression while increasing <em>adiponectin</em> and <em>HSL</em> expression levels in both adipocytes and co-cultures. In addition, C-Akm extract stimulated adiponectin secretion in the co-culture model. Finally, our <em>in vitro</em> investigations demonstrated the potential benefits of C-Akm extract in the prevention and treatment of obesity-related inflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10939,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Food Science","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100974"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143095860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pan-genome perspective on the evolutionary dynamics of polyphyly, virulence, and antibiotic resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Mbandaka highlights emerging threats to public health and food safety posed by cloud gene families","authors":"Nai-peng Kan ,&nbsp;Zhiqiu Yin ,&nbsp;Yu-feng Qiu ,&nbsp;Enhui Zheng ,&nbsp;Jianhui Chen ,&nbsp;Jianzhong Huang ,&nbsp;Yuhui Du","doi":"10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovar Mbandaka, a prevalent foodborne pathogen, poses a threat to public health but remains poorly understood. We have determined the phylogenomic tree, genetic diversity, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles on a large genomic scale to elucidate the evolutionary dynamics within the Mbandaka pan-genome. The polyphyletic nature of this serovar is characterized by two distinct phylogenetic groups and inter-serovar recombination boundaries, that potentially arising from recombination events at the H2-antigen loci. The open pan-genome exhibited a flexible gene repertoire, with numerous cloud gene families involved in virulence and AMR. Extensive gene gain and loss observed at the terminal nodes of the phylogenetic tree indicate that Mbandaka individuals have undergone frequent gene turnover. The resulting changes in virulence and AMR genes potentially pose emerging threats to public health. We explored serovar conversion due to recombination of H-antigen loci, inter-serovar divergences in gene gain and loss, prophage-mediated acquisition of virulence factors, and the role of incompatibility group plasmids in acquiring resistance determinants as key molecular mechanisms driving the pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance of Mbandaka. Our work contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the complex mechanisms of pathogenesis and the ongoing evolutionary arms race with current therapeutic approaches in serovar Mbandaka.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10939,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Food Science","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100957"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11719860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin alleviated chilling injury of cold-stored passion fruit by modulating cell membrane structure via acting on antioxidant ability and membrane lipid metabolism","authors":"Yuzhao Lin,&nbsp;Hongbin Chen,&nbsp;Yazhen Chen,&nbsp;Bowen Tan,&nbsp;Xuanjing Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fresh passion fruit is sensitive to chilling injury (CI) during storage at improper low temperature of 5 °C, which lowers the fruit quality and limits its shelf life. The present study aimed to determine the impacts of melatonin on CI development of passion fruit in relation to antioxidant ability and membrane lipid metabolism during refrigeration. In present study, passion fruit was treated with 0.50 mmol L⁻¹ melatonin and distilled water (control) for 20 min, hereafter stockpiled at 5 °C. The results indicated that, in storage, melatonin-treated passion fruit showed the lower CI index and cell membrane permeability, lower superoxide anion production rate and malondialdehyde level, greater activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase, higher levels of ascorbic acid and glutathione, and higher 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity than control passion fruit. Besides, lower membrane lipid-degrading enzyme activities, lower contents of phosphatidic acid and saturated fatty acids (SFAs), higher levels of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs), and greater ratio of USFAs to SFAs and index of USFAs were revealed in melatonin-treated passions than control passions. Thus, these results indicated that melatonin retained cell membrane structure via boosting antioxidant capacity and restricting membrane lipid degradation, accordingly increased the chilling resistance and delayed the CI development in fresh passion fruit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10939,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Food Science","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100951"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11721212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-targeted LC-MS metabolomics reveal shifts from wound-induced enzymatic browning to lignification during extended storage of fresh-cut lettuce in modified atmosphere packaging","authors":"Fanny Widjaja ,&nbsp;Priscille Steensma ,&nbsp;Leevi Annala ,&nbsp;Arto Klami ,&nbsp;Saijaliisa Kangasjärvi ,&nbsp;Mari Lehtonen ,&nbsp;Kirsi S. Mikkonen","doi":"10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) is a conventional method used to prolong the shelf-life of fresh-cut vegetables, including lettuce. However, MAP-stored lettuce remains perishable, and its deterioration mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we utilized non-targeted LC-MS metabolomics to evaluate the effects of cutting and extended storage time on metabolite profiles of lettuce stored in MAP. Additionally, hyperspectral imaging was used to measure perceptual changes. Our findings reveal a bipartite response to wounding. In early storage, enzymatic browning was the main response to wounding, evidenced by accumulation of caffeic acid derivatives and flavonoids, substrates for polyphenol oxidases. As storage progressed, enzymatic browning was inhibited, and a shift towards lignification became apparent, evidenced by accumulation of monolignol derivatives. These findings offer new insights into the deterioration mechanism of fresh-cut lettuce occurring in MAP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10939,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Food Science","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100959"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11721850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studying the impact of zein microfibers on the physicochemical and microstructural properties of bi-gels based on ι-carrageenan hydrogels and beeswax oleogels","authors":"Mojtaba Rezaei ,&nbsp;Sara Naji-Tabasi ,&nbsp;Behrouz Ghorani ,&nbsp;Bahareh Emadzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.crfs.2025.100985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crfs.2025.100985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research presents a novel bi-gel system formed by combining zein microfiber -reinforced carrageenan hydrogels and beeswax oleogels. The main objective is investigating the impact of the interplay between zein microfibers, ι-carrageenan hydrogels, beeswax oleogels on the properties of bi-gels. The study focused on bi-gel formulations combining beeswax oleogel and carrageenan, both plain and with zein microfibers. Different ratios of oleogel to ɩ-carrageenan hydrogel and oleogel to reinforced ɩ-carrageenan hydrogel were established: 5:95, 10:90, 15:85. The designed bi-gels exhibited semi-solid gel properties in rheological analysis, with increased oleogel content enhancing firmness, storage modulus, and loss modulus (<em>G'</em> &lt; <em>G″,</em> p &lt; 0.05). The incorporation of oleogel in the bi-gel substantially increased its consistency from 131 (g.s) to 668 (g.s) in the bi-gel containing 0.5% zein microfiber, 10% oleogel, and 90% hydrogel. FTIR results suggested that the bi-gels were formed through physical interactions without covalent cross-linking. Microfibers had a positive effect on the textural characteristics of bi-gels. The hardness of bi-gels increased from 13.26 to 35.12 g to 31-93-64.14 g after addition of microfibers. The BGZ10 formulation, consisting of 10% oleogel and 90% zein-reinforced hydrogel, showed the highest consistency among samples, with measurements of 668.48 ± 3.53 (g.s) and a <em>G′</em> value of 291000 ± 91.27 (Pa) (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the BGZ10 formulation displayed the highest complex viscosity, measuring at 47300 ± 20.73 (P &lt; 0.05). The thermal stability of bigel considerably increased by cooperation fibers in hydrogel. The developed bi-gels demonstrate significant potential for substituting conventional solid fats and introducing distinctive visual characteristics in various food products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10939,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Food Science","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100985"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143095863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiles of aroma volatile components in textured vegetable proteins using headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","authors":"Geon-Woo Park,&nbsp;Kyung-Ho Park,&nbsp;Sang-Gu Kim,&nbsp;Sang-Yun Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.crfs.2025.100999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crfs.2025.100999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Textured vegetable protein (TVP) is a significant alternative to meat, with its primary raw materials being soybeans, peas, rice, and wheat proteins. While advancements in technology have successfully replicated the unique texture of meat in plant-based proteins, research on the aroma profiles of these key raw materials remains limited. The subtle differences in aroma between meat and meat substitutes are yet to be fully addressed. In this study, we employed headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), a specialized technique for the analysis of volatile aromatic compounds, to examine the volatile profiles of soybean, pea, rice, and wheat proteins. The identified volatile compounds included alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, ethers, furans, indoles, ketones, phenols, pyrans, and sulfur compounds. Based on prior research, eight compounds (hexanal, nonanal, 2-nonenal, 3-methylbutanal, benzaldehyde, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octen-2-one, and 2-pentylfuran) were classified as off-flavors. Hexanal, a key marker, was found in the following order: rice showed the highest levels, followed by soybeans, peas, and wheat. Other major volatile components exhibited distinct ratios across the samples. These findings could assist in refining the next generation of TVPs and minimizing aroma heterogeneity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10939,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Food Science","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100999"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}