{"title":"Immunotherapy in first line treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia.","authors":"Anna Torrent, Josep-Maria Ribera","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001086","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The use of immunotherapy in recent years has changed the paradigm of treatment in patients with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), improving outcomes in the relapsed/refractory setting. New strategies are incorporating immunotherapy into front-line regimens to reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy, prolong survival and increase the possibility of treating older patients. The aim of this review was to describe the new strategies, which have incorporated these drugs into front-line regimens for BCP-ALL patients.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent studies have demonstrated that immunotherapy can be included in front-line induction, consolidation and/or maintenance regimens for the treatment of BCP-ALL patients by its addition to chemotherapy, by substituting some chemotherapy cycles or even including immunotherapy in chemotherapy-free strategies.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The implications of these relevant findings will allow treating older patients, reducing the toxicity of chemotherapy and increasing patient outcomes. In addition, these findings have raised the possibility of avoiding the need for hematologic stem cell transplant in some selected patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"593-599"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carmine Valenza, Renato Maria Marsicano, Dario Trapani, Giuseppe Curigliano
{"title":"PARP inhibitor resistant BRCA-mutated advanced breast cancer: current landscape and emerging treatments.","authors":"Carmine Valenza, Renato Maria Marsicano, Dario Trapani, Giuseppe Curigliano","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001092","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Patients with advanced breast cancer (aBC) treated with PARP inhibitors (PARPi) can eventually experience disease progression for emerging treatment resistance. This review aims to depict the treatment the molecular landscape, and the innovative therapies for patients with PARPi-resistant BRCA-mutated aBC.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>No specific therapy is specifically available in the setting post-PARPi-failure, with antibody-drug conjugates or nonplatinum-based chemotherapy (PBC) representing the best treatment options in this setting. Mechanisms of on-target PARPi resistance can be classified in reversions (60%) and nonreversion (40%); reverse mutations restore PARP functions. According to the first evidence of clinical validity, these alterations are associated with lower efficacy of PARPi and PBC. However, their clinical utility needs to be assessed.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>PARPi-resistant aBC represents a clinical unmet need due to the lack of specific targeted therapies and validated prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Constant efforts are required to better define the mechanisms of PARPi resistance and, consequently, develop biomarker-based treatment approach to prevent or overcame resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"474-479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vincenzo Di Nunno, Enrico Franceschi, Ahmed Idbaih
{"title":"Achievements of international rare cancers networks and consortia in the neuro-oncology field.","authors":"Vincenzo Di Nunno, Enrico Franceschi, Ahmed Idbaih","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001097","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>In this review, we investigated the role of European oncological networks on management and care of patients with central nervous system (CNS) malignancies.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Within this universe of tumors, malignancies of the central nervous system (CNS) malignancies represent a challenge because of several reasons such as biological complexity, the need of dedicated experienced physicians (surgeons, pathologists, radiologists and neuro-oncologists) and tertiary healthcare providers. Limits to the development of effective and innovative care are represented by the rarity of these tumors and their extreme heterogeneity in terms of clinical presentation, course of the disease, genetic assessments and site of presentation. The oncological networks are societies or associations, which make possible to connect patients, scientists, doctors and researchers together allowing to obtain several improvements.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Oncological networks can cooperate to increase accrual rate and speed in clinical trials, share data about CNS malignancy management and improve knowledge toward this class of tumors within patients and health operators promoting equity and high standard of care.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"554-559"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Serena Travaglini, Carmelo Gurnari, Tiziana Ottone, Maria Teresa Voso
{"title":"Advances in the pathogenesis of FLT3 -mutated acute myeloid leukemia and targeted treatments.","authors":"Serena Travaglini, Carmelo Gurnari, Tiziana Ottone, Maria Teresa Voso","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001094","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>FLT3 mutations are among the most common myeloid drivers identified in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Their identification is crucial for the precise risk assessment because of the strong prognostic significance of the most recurrent type of FLT3 alterations, namely internal tandem duplications (ITDs). Recent advances in the pathogenesis and biology of FLT3 -mutated AML have opened an opportunity for development and application of selective inhibition of FLT3 pathway.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>In the last decade, at least three targeted treatments have been approved by regulatory agencies and several others are currently under investigations. Here, we review the latest advance in the role of FLT3 mutations in AML, providing an outline of the available therapeutic strategies, their mechanisms of actions and of resistance, as well as routes for potential improvement.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The availability of FLT3 inhibitors has improved outcomes in AML harboring such mutations, currently also reflected in disease stratification and recommendations. Newer inhibitors are under investigations, and combinations with chemotherapy or other targeted treatments are being explored to further improve disease outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"569-576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11460763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lung cancer screening in never smokers.","authors":"Gillianne G Y Lai,Daniel S W Tan","doi":"10.1097/cco.0000000000001099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/cco.0000000000001099","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE OF REVIEWLow-dose computed tomography (LDCT) lung cancer screening has been established in smokers, but its role in never smokers remains unclear. The differences in lung cancer biology between smokers and nonsmokers highlight the importance of a discriminated approach. This overview focuses on the emerging data and implementation challenges for LDCT screening in nonsmokers.RECENT FINDINGSThe first LDCT screening study in nonsmokers enriched with risk factors demonstrated a lung cancer detection rate double that of the phase 3 trials in smokers. The relative risk of lung cancer detected by LDCT has also been found to be similar amongst female never smokers and male ever smokers in Asia. Majority of lung cancers detected through LDCT screening are stage 0/1, leading to concerns of overdiagnosis. Risk prediction models to enhance individual selection and nodule management could be useful to enhance the utility of LDCT screening in never smokers.SUMMARYWith appropriate risk stratification, LDCT screening in never smokers may attain similar efficacy as compared to smokers. A global effort is needed to generate evidence surrounding optimal screening strategies, as well as health and economic benefits to determine the suitability of widespread implementation.","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How to treat localized Hodgkin lymphoma?","authors":"Wivine Bernard, M André, G Crochet","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001081","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>We aim to summarize the current knowledge on the management of early-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma, with a focus on conventional strategies, incorporation of immunotherapies and exploration of novel prognostic markers.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Long-term data on combined modalities (associating chemotherapy and radiotherapy) still supports their benefit in terms of progression free survival compared to chemotherapy alone in both early favourable and early unfavourable interim PET-negative classical Hodgkin Lymphoma. Novel agents, such as Brentuximab Vedotin and checkpoints inhibitors show promising and impressive results when added to first-line treatment. Various strategies have been used, mainly in phase 2 non randomized clinical trials. Interim PET-scan has limited prognostic value and its role in regimens incorporating immunotherapies is yet unknown. Other prognosis markers emerge, such as metabolic tumour volume and circulating tumour DNA. By reflecting tumour burden pretreatment and minimal residual disease on treatment, they might be useful tools guiding treatment decisions.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Novel immunotherapy agents are likely to change the landscape in front-line management of classical early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma by combined modality treatment. Despite encouraging recent data, proof of their efficacy and safety on the longer term are still needed. Treatment decisions might be guided by new promising prognosis markers but their use in clinical practice is still to be determined.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"333-338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141616011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Update of antibody-drug conjugates for hematological malignancies.","authors":"Wenyue Sun, Shunfeng Hu, Xin Wang","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001065","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), consisting of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) covalently linked to cytotoxic drugs via chemical linkers, are a kind of promising tumor immunotherapy. ADCs also face a number of challenges, including unavoidable adverse effects, drug resistance, tumor targeting and payload release. To address these issues, in addition to optimizing the individual components of ADCs, such as new payloads, linkage sites and new targets, and using bispecific antibodies to increase precision, attention should be paid to optimizing the dosage of ADCs.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>There are currently 7 ADCs approved for marketing by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for hematological malignancies, and dozens of other ADCs are either in clinical trials or in the process of applying for marketing. In recent clinical studies targeting ADCs in hematologic malignancies, in addition to validating effectiveness in different indications, researchers have attempted to combine ADCs with other chemotherapeutic agents in anticipation of increased therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, the availability of bispecific antibodies may increase the safety and efficacy of ADCs.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review summarized the progress of research on ADCs in hematological malignancies, the challenges being faced, and possible future directions to improve the efficacy of ADCs, which can provide novel insight into the future exploration of ADCs in the treatment of hematological malignancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"430-436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141616065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What is the best salvage therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma?","authors":"Efrat Luttwak, Alison J Moskowitz","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001073","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Historically, salvage chemotherapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant (HDT/ASCT) was the mainstay approach for relapsed or refractory classic HL. The emergence of novel agents for HL, such as brentuximab vedotin and programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade has revolutionized therapeutic strategies, yielding excellent results. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of new salvage therapies and offer insights into forthcoming therapeutic options.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The incorporation of brentuximab vedotin and PD-1 blockade into salvage therapy before HDT/ASCT has led to markedly improved outcomes. Notably, PD-1 based salvage studies yield posttransplant 2-year progression-free survival rates approaching 90%, marking a significant advancement in the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Studies are beginning to explore nontransplant treatment approaches following front-line treatment failure and may identify certain risk groups eligible for these strategies.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The landscape of HL treatment is rapidly evolving, leading to significant changes in the standard of care. Novel agents are now administered earlier in the disease course, resulting in higher cure rates. The focus of treatment is shifting towards achieving cure with minimal toxicity, reducing exposure to various agents, and advancing research in optimizing treatment sequencing and patient selection for less intensive therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"346-352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141616067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salvador Jaime-Casas, Regina Barragan-Carrillo, Abhishek Tripathi
{"title":"Antibody-drug conjugates in solid tumors: a new frontier.","authors":"Salvador Jaime-Casas, Regina Barragan-Carrillo, Abhishek Tripathi","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001064","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are designed to carry cytotoxic payloads and deliver them to specific molecular targets within tumor cells. Several ADCs are already approved with many more in development across several disease types. In this review, we will provide an overview of the ADCs currently approved and those under investigation in solid tumors.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Currently there are dozens of ADCs under clinical study evaluation of a variety of solid tumors, and preliminary results are promising. Multiple ADCs have received regulatory approval in disease such as breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and bladder cancer. While some are approved in biomarker selected settings with disease specific indication (e.g. breast cancer), others have been approved irrespective of biomarker expression (urothelial carcinoma) and pan-cancer indications in biomarker selected patients (HER2 3+ expression).</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Cytotoxic chemotherapy has been the mainstay of systemic treatment for patients with various solid tumors. ADCs offer the advantage of carrying the cytotoxic payload onto a specific molecular receptor, thereby inducing a more selective response. Optimizing selection of target antigen, payload delivery and investigating biomarkers of response will be crucial for further expanding the therapeutic benefit of ADCs across solid tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"421-429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141616007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yana Stepanishyna, Françoise Meunier, Dominique Bron
{"title":"Survivorship after Hodgkin lymphoma and the right to be forgotten.","authors":"Yana Stepanishyna, Françoise Meunier, Dominique Bron","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001072","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The significantly improved survivorship in Hodgkin lymphoma is fraught with challenges, including persistent symptoms, secondary health complications, and socio-professional obstacles. This review highlights the need for comprehensive survivorship care plans that include detection of relapse, assessment of long-term side effects, screening for secondary cancers, psychological support, and assistance with socio-professional integration.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases, secondary malignancies and other associated risks remains an important problem related to the effective treatment of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. Furthermore, fertility concerns and endocrine disorders remain prevalent issues posttreatment. An optimal evaluation of the risks before and after treatment is essential to reduce the impact of these side effects on quality of life. Addressing the socio-professional reintegration of survivors, the concept of the 'Right to be forgotten' emerges as a critical consideration. This principle seeks to eliminate discrimination against cancer survivors in accessing financial services and aims for legislative changes to ensure that past cancer diagnosis does not unfairly affect survivors' futures. Implementation of this 'Right to be forgotten' in the legislature, is currently underway in European countries.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The focus of survivorship care has shifted towards the holistic management of these long-term outcomes. Quality of life for Hodgkin lymphoma survivors is affected by various treatment-related factors, with evidence suggesting that physical, psychological and socio-professional domains remain impacted years after treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"360-368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141616015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}