Current Opinion in Oncology最新文献_第5页

Molecular biology of radiation response and resistance. 辐射响应和抗性的分子生物学。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Current Opinion in Oncology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000001213

Adam Young, Ben O'Leary

{"title":"Molecular biology of radiation response and resistance.","authors":"Adam Young, Ben O'Leary","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001213","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001213","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Locoregional failure remains a major barrier to cure in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Radiotherapy dosing remains largely dictated by anatomy, despite clear biological determinants of radiosensitivity. This review synthesises recent clinical and molecular evidence defining radioresistance and the emerging tools to guide more personalised radiotherapy.Recent findings: HPV status remains the archetype for intrinsic radiosensitivity and points to actionable vulnerabilities in TP53 -mutant disease. Dose escalation trials have not improved locoregional control, focusing attention on radiosensitisers, with ATR, ATM and DNA-PK inhibition demonstrating promise. DNA damage response inhibition is often limited by achievable exposure and toxicity, emphasising biomarker-guided scheduling and rational combinations. Pathway-level transcriptomic and genomic analyses suggest shared resistance programmes despite heterogeneous upstream drivers, while longitudinal multiomics aims to link baseline risk with on-treatment adaptation.Summary: Biology-guided stratification could personalise radiotherapy indication, dose/fractionation and systemic partnering in HNSCC. Prospective validation of clinical assays and trial designs capturing dynamic resistance are now key priorities.","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"187-193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147364100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimal management of oligometastatic prostate cancer: current state and future directions. 低转移性前列腺癌的最佳治疗：现状和未来方向。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Current Opinion in Oncology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-20 DOI: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000001229

Michael K Rooney, Paul G Corn, Phuoc T Tran

{"title":"Optimal management of oligometastatic prostate cancer: current state and future directions.","authors":"Michael K Rooney, Paul G Corn, Phuoc T Tran","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001229","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001229","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Oligometastatic prostate cancer (oligoPCa) represents a clinical state of limited metastatic spread in which metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) may offer meaningful disease control either alone or with systemic therapy. As imaging, systemic therapy, and biologic characterization evolve, management strategies for both synchronous and metachronous presentations continue to undergo significant refinement.Recent findings: Randomized trials such as STOMP and ORIOLE have demonstrated improved progression-free and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)-free survival with MDT in metachronous oligometastatic disease. More recent studies, including EXTEND and RADIOSA, suggest that combining MDT with short-course systemic therapy may further enhance disease control, while ongoing trials continue to evaluate MDT in synchronous disease. In parallel, the systemic therapy landscape has expanded with early adoption of second-generation androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs), PARP inhibitors for selected biomarker-defined populations, and radioligand therapies such as lutetium-177. Emerging evidence also suggests that molecular imaging with PSMA PET, genomic classifiers (e.g., Decipher), multimodal digital pathology tools (e.g., ArteraAI), and machine learning-based predictive models may help identify patients most likely to benefit from MDT. Additionally, novel immuno-oncology and bispecific antibody-based strategies are under active investigation.Summary: The integration of MDT with modern systemic and biologically informed strategies holds promise for personalized management of oligoPCa. Future efforts should prioritize biomarker- driven patient selection and rational treatment sequencing to optimize long-term outcomes.","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":"38 3","pages":"236-242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unclear territory: navigating metastatic nonclear cell renal cell carcinoma. 领域不清：转移性不透明细胞肾细胞癌。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Current Opinion in Oncology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-17 DOI: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000001233

Taylor Goodstein, Vivian Wong, Gabriela Bravo Montenegro, Ramaprasad Srinivasan, Eric A Singer

{"title":"Unclear territory: navigating metastatic nonclear cell renal cell carcinoma.","authors":"Taylor Goodstein, Vivian Wong, Gabriela Bravo Montenegro, Ramaprasad Srinivasan, Eric A Singer","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001233","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001233","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To summarize recent updates in the classification, clinical trial evidence, and evolving treatment strategies for nonclear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC).Recent findings: The 2022 WHO classification eliminated the type 1/2 papillary paradigm, refined molecularly defined tumors such as fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient and anaplastic lymphoma kinase-rearranged RCC, while acknowledging indolent tumors like clear cell papillary renal cell tumors. Prospective and retrospective data increasingly support the use of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based regimens, particularly ICI/ tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) combinations. KEYNOTE-B61 and ARON-1 demonstrated consistent activity of pembrolizumab + lenvatinib across nccRCC subtypes, while the randomized SUNNIFORECAST trial validated ipilimumab + nivolumab as a first-line option with overall survival (OS) benefit over standard therapy. Subtype-specific approaches are also emerging: bevacizumab + erlotinib and sintilimab + axitinib showed high response rates in FH-deficient RCC, and prognostic tools such as VENUSS remain valuable for papillary RCC risk stratification. Despite progress, many studies remain limited by histologic heterogeneity and small sample sizes. Multiple ongoing trials, including ICONIC, SAMETA, and PAPMET2, are expected to further clarify optimal management strategies in 2026.Summary: Therapeutic advances are reshaping the management of nccRCC, with IO/TKI regimens and histology-specific therapies showing promise. Continued integration of molecular classification, rare subtype-specific trials, and international collaboration will be essential to establish evidence-based treatment standards for this diverse and understudied population.","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"220-228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147503405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Steady progress in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer: a year in review. 晚期前列腺癌治疗的稳步进展：一年回顾。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Current Opinion in Oncology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-02 DOI: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000001237

Theodore Gourdin

引用次数: 0

Emerging role of functional imaging in renal cell carcinoma: from morphology to molecular phenotyping with PET/computed tomography. 功能成像在肾细胞癌中的新作用：从形态学到PET/计算机断层扫描的分子表型。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Current Opinion in Oncology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-17 DOI: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000001227

Geetha Guduguntla, Sidney M Levy, Michael S Hofman

{"title":"Emerging role of functional imaging in renal cell carcinoma: from morphology to molecular phenotyping with PET/computed tomography.","authors":"Geetha Guduguntla, Sidney M Levy, Michael S Hofman","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001227","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001227","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Functional imaging in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), particularly in clear-cell (ccRCC), has accelerated over the past decade. Rapidly developing novel radiotracers signal growing clinical reliance for better diagnosis, staging and prognostication. This review highlights recent important publications in PET/CT imaging of ccRCC.Recent findings: 18 F-FDG PET/CT has limited RCC staging value owing to renal excretion and variable tumour uptake. 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT performs better, but uptake is not tumour-specific and related to neovasculature. Meanwhile, CA-IX-targeted tracers leverage a marker highly overexpressed in ccRCC, delivering high tumour-to-background ratio and superior lesion detection compared to conventional imaging. Early antibody-based tracers (e.g. 124 I/ 89 Zr-girentuximab) proved accurate but operationally cumbersome. Novel small-molecule and peptide CA-IX tracers (e.g. 68 Ga-DPI-4452) enable same-day imaging of better quality and lower dose, providing a noninvasive method to distinguish ccRCC from benign or nonclear-cell lesions and unmask occult metastases. Their paired therapeutic 177 Lu-analogues also promise better clinical translation with favourable pharmacokinetics and dosimetry.Summary: Functional imaging in RCC is shifting from anatomical assessment to molecular characterisation. These advances can better select candidates for local versus systemic treatment, individualise therapy and enable novel theranostics. Further prospective trials should validate their performance and define their place in clinical pathways.","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"212-219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147363994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Circulating tumor DNA for human papilloma virus-positive disease: ready for prime time? 人乳头瘤病毒阳性疾病的循环肿瘤DNA：准备好了吗？

IF 2.4 4区医学

Current Opinion in Oncology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-25 DOI: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000001232

Émilie C M de Groot, C René Leemans, Ruud H Brakenhoff

{"title":"Circulating tumor DNA for human papilloma virus-positive disease: ready for prime time?","authors":"Émilie C M de Groot, C René Leemans, Ruud H Brakenhoff","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001232","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001232","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with increasing frequencies. HPV-positive OPSCC is often treated by definitive radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Three to four months after treatment, response imaging is performed by MRI or PET-CT. In 10-15% of cases, residual disease is observed, causing subsequent diagnostic procedures and even treatments that were sometimes not necessary in retrospect. In 10-15% of cases, recurrences develop later in follow-up that are generally detected late. Liquid biopsies might be applied in HPV-positive OPSCC for early cancer detection, disease monitoring, and adaptive treatment.Recent findings: A variety of studies has been published on the various applications, either using (droplet) digital PCR or DNA sequencing. In this review, an overview of the mostly used methods and current state of the art is provided. In addition, we will propose how we might deal with early molecular diagnosis of recurrence by ctHPV-DNA detection in plasma.Summary: Disease monitoring in HPV-positive OPSCC has a very promising outlook, but published studies are generally small, and assays have not been standardized well. It is unknown whether ddPCR or DNA sequencing are the most suitable assays, as both have their advantages and limitations, and it might well depend on the specific application. We are awaiting large studies and preferably direct comparisons of ddPCR and DNA sequencing in clinical practice. In addition, we will have to develop a standardized method that can be rolled out. Only then it will be ready for prime time.","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"161-169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147364071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent developments and outstanding challenges in germ cell tumors. 生殖细胞肿瘤的最新进展和突出的挑战。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Current Opinion in Oncology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-17 DOI: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000001228

Ahmed Bilal Khalid, Tareq Salous

{"title":"Recent developments and outstanding challenges in germ cell tumors.","authors":"Ahmed Bilal Khalid, Tareq Salous","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001228","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001228","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Remaining challenges in management of patients with germ cell tumors (GCTs) include selecting the optimal treatment modality in patients with early metastatic disease, biomarker development and developing newer treatments in patients with refractory disease. This review aims to highlight recent developments in these domains.Recent findings: For patients with testicular seminoma with low-volume retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is a viable treatment option. Novel biomarkers showing promise in patients with GCTs include circulating tumor DNA and microRNA 371; with further validation from larger prospective studies, these may be useful in clinical decision making in patients with GCTs. Claudin 6's ubiquitous expression in testicular GCTs has enabled the development of several ongoing clinical trials targeting it and these therapies may be promising in treating patients with refractory GCTs.Summary: Management of patients with GCT requires a multidisciplinary approach and patients with advanced disease being considered for surgery or those with refractory disease should be referred to a high-volume treatment center. Outcomes in refractory GCT remain poor, but several novel treatment options and approaches are being explored in clinical trials to improve cure rates in this patient population.","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"261-265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147364154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Targeting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in metastatic prostate cancer: current landscape and future directions. 靶向聚腺苷核糖聚合酶在转移性前列腺癌中的应用：现状和未来方向。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Current Opinion in Oncology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-05 DOI: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000001230

Xiaolei Shi, Safiullah Rifai, Zumar Meher, Arif Hussain

{"title":"Targeting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in metastatic prostate cancer: current landscape and future directions.","authors":"Xiaolei Shi, Safiullah Rifai, Zumar Meher, Arif Hussain","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001230","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001230","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have rapidly reshaped the treatment landscape for metastatic prostate cancer, moving from biomarker-selected monotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) to first-line combination strategies with androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) and more recently, into metastatic hormone-sensitive disease (mHSPC). This review summarizes the evidence-based use of PARPi in metastatic prostate cancer, integrating the mechanistic rationale and guideline perspectives. We also highlight the resistance mechanisms that inform patient selection and underpin emerging strategies.Recent findings: The most consistent and clinically meaningful benefit from PARPi is observed among patients with deleterious BRCA1/2 alterations, whereas outcomes among patients with non- BRCA defective homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene subsets are heterogeneous and often modest. Pairing PARPi with ARPI in mCRPC patients bearing HRR mutations, especially BRCA1/2 mutations, not only improves clinical outcomes but also increases toxicity. Furthermore, uncertainty remains regarding the overall impact of the incremental benefit of PARPi/ARPI combinations over sequential therapy. Expansion into mHSPC further underscores the field's shift toward earlier, genomically guided treatment intensification strategies.Summary: Clinical practice is converging on early comprehensive genomic testing and prioritization of PARPi-based therapy for HRR-altered, especially BRCA1/2 -mutated, prostate cancer. Key research priorities include functional biomarkers beyond gene panels, rational combinations to prevent/overcome resistance, and optimized sequencing across disease states.","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"249-260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13084598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147364171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving oral cancer surgery by objective intraoperative assessment of resection margins: a new era. 客观术中评估切除边缘改善口腔癌手术：一个新时代。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Current Opinion in Oncology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000001219

Omid Elahi, Yassine Aaboubout, Senada Koljenović

引用次数: 0

Circulating Epstein-Barr virus DNA as a precision biomarker in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: from risk stratification to real-time treatment adaptation and disease surveillance. 循环eb病毒DNA作为鼻咽癌的精确生物标志物：从风险分层到实时治疗适应和疾病监测

IF 2.4 4区医学

Current Opinion in Oncology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-23 DOI: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000001231

Emma R Y Zhang, Jia Ling Neo, Melvin L K Chua

{"title":"Circulating Epstein-Barr virus DNA as a precision biomarker in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: from risk stratification to real-time treatment adaptation and disease surveillance.","authors":"Emma R Y Zhang, Jia Ling Neo, Melvin L K Chua","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001231","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001231","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a virally driven malignancy with marked biological heterogeneity that is inadequately captured by anatomical staging alone. Circulating plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA has emerged as an archetypal biomarker with expanding roles across the disease continuum. This review summarizes the recent evidence that had expanded plasma EBV DNA utility beyond prognostication to real-time treatment adaptation and disease surveillance.Recent findings: Contemporary studies had demonstrated that baseline EBV DNA refines risk stratification beyond TNM staging and identifies patients suitable for treatment escalation or de-escalation. Longitudinal on-treatment EBV DNA kinetics revealed distinct response phenotypes, with persistent detection during therapy indicative of treatment-resistant disease. Emerging risk-adapted therapeutic (RAT) strategies that tailor systemic therapy based on EBV DNA clearance have shown promising improvements in disease control. In the posttreatment setting, EBV DNA may guide surveillance protocols, and complement radiological investigations.Summary: EBV DNA is evolving from a static biomarker into an operational tool for precision oncology in NPC. Its integration enables biologically informed risk stratification, dynamic response assessment, and adaptive treatment strategies, with important implications for personalized management of NPC.","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"170-175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147364433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0