Current Opinion in Oncology最新文献

Circulating tumor DNA in human papilloma virus negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. 人乳头瘤病毒阴性头颈部鳞状细胞癌循环肿瘤DNA。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Current Opinion in Oncology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000001210

Rachel Galot, Jean-Pascal Machiels

{"title":"Circulating tumor DNA in human papilloma virus negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.","authors":"Rachel Galot, Jean-Pascal Machiels","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001210","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001210","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Human papilloma virus (HPV)-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a challenging disease with poor prognosis. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a promising biomarker to improve risk stratification, detect minimal residual disease (MRD), and guide treatment adaptation. This review synthesizes recent advances in ctDNA technologies and their clinical relevance for HPV-negative HNSCC.Recent findings: Technical progress has significantly improved ctDNA detection, with tumor-informed assays achieving limits of detection near 0.01% VAF and tumor-agnostic strategies offering broader applicability. Across studies, ctDNA is detectable in approximately 80% of HNSCC patients, though performance varies with tumor burden and assay sensitivity. In the postcurative setting, ctDNA positivity consistently identifies patients at high risk for relapse, often months before radiologic detection. Early data suggest that ctDNA kinetics may reflect treatment response. In R/M HNSCC, baseline ctDNA detection exceeds 90%, and on-treatment ctDNA decrease correlates with improved survival. Interventional studies, including ctDNA-guided adjuvant (de-)escalation approaches are ongoing.Summary: ctDNA represents a potential biomarker for MRD detection and response monitoring in HPV-negative HNSCC. Despite encouraging pilot studies, clinical utility remains to be proven. Well powered, prospective, ctDNA-driven trials are essential to validate how ctDNA can guide therapeutic intensification, de-escalation, and personalized treatment strategies in HNSCC.","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"155-160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147364061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tumor microenvironment-driven immune evasion and therapeutic strategies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. 头颈部鳞状细胞癌肿瘤微环境驱动的免疫逃避及治疗策略。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Current Opinion in Oncology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000001212

Ingeborg Tinhofer, Anne-Sophie Fisch

{"title":"Tumor microenvironment-driven immune evasion and therapeutic strategies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.","authors":"Ingeborg Tinhofer, Anne-Sophie Fisch","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001212","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001212","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) develops within a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) that fosters immune evasion and limits the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Despite advances, durable responses to ICIs remain limited, partly because of stromal barriers, myeloid cell recruitment, and metabolic constraints within the TME.Recent findings: Multiplex IHC/mIF, single-cell and spatial omics, and computational TME profiling reveal recurrent resistance programs, including CAF-driven immune exclusion, chemokine-dependent and hypoxia-dependent recruitment of myeloid cells and regulatory T cells, and nutrient and oxygen competition that constrain effector T cells. These insights underpin emerging TME-targeted combinations with PD-(L)1 blockade, such as VEGFR/multikinase and TGF-β/CAF-directed agents, myeloid and chemokine modulators, and metabolic interventions now being tested in solid tumors and increasingly in HNSCC.Summary: The HNSCC TME is both a central barrier and an attractive therapeutic target. Embedding high-resolution TME profiling into clinical trials will be crucial to select TME-matched combinations and identify patient subsets most likely to derive durable benefit from immunotherapy.","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"176-186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147364143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma associated with Lynch syndrome. 与Lynch综合征相关的上尿路上皮癌。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Current Opinion in Oncology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-02 DOI: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000001238

R Chelluri, S Kovell, F Montanaro, E Chandran, A Rouf Banday, Sandeep Gurram, Andrea B Apolo

引用次数: 0

Recent highlights and breakthroughs in immunotherapy for head and neck cancers. 头颈癌免疫治疗的最新亮点和突破。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Current Opinion in Oncology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-05 DOI: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000001211

Joanna A Vuille, Petr Szturz

{"title":"Recent highlights and breakthroughs in immunotherapy for head and neck cancers.","authors":"Joanna A Vuille, Petr Szturz","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001211","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001211","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review highlights recent advances in immunotherapy for head and neck oncology, focusing on pivotal studies, both early-stage and late-stage, published or presented in 2025.Recent findings: Noteworthy results were reported with immune checkpoint inhibitors in mucosal squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) (KEYNOTE-689 and NIVOPOSTOP trials evaluating pembrolizumab and nivolumab, respectively, in the perioperative setting); in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (DIPPER and DIAMOND trials evaluating camrelizumab and toripalimab, respectively, in the curative setting with radiotherapy, and tagitanlimab in recurrent and/or metastatic disease); in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region (C-POST trial in the adjuvant setting and the combination of avelumab with cetuximab in the palliative setting); and in BRAF V600E-mutated anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (pembrolizumab with dabrafenib and trametinib). Passive immunotherapy targeting tumor-associated antigens also showed encouraging activity in R/M-SCCHN (petosemtamab, ficerafusp-alfa, amivantamab, enfortumab vedotin) and in heavily pretreated R/M nasopharyngeal carcinoma (antibody-drug conjugates becotatug vedotin and izalontamab brengitecan [iza-bren]).Summary: Recent advances highlight a rapid surge in positive immunotherapy trials across different head and neck cancer entities, with clinical benefit observed both when immune checkpoint inhibitors are moved earlier in the disease course and when they are combined with agents targeting resistance mechanisms or enabling more precise drug delivery to tumors.","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"201-211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13052391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147364166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimal management of oligometastatic prostate cancer: current state and future directions. 低转移性前列腺癌的最佳治疗：现状和未来方向。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Current Opinion in Oncology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-20 DOI: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000001229

Michael K Rooney, Paul G Corn, Phuoc T Tran

{"title":"Optimal management of oligometastatic prostate cancer: current state and future directions.","authors":"Michael K Rooney, Paul G Corn, Phuoc T Tran","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/CCO.0000000000001229","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Oligometastatic prostate cancer (oligoPCa) represents a clinical state of limited metastatic spread in which metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) may offer meaningful disease control either alone or with systemic therapy. As imaging, systemic therapy, and biologic characterization evolve, management strategies for both synchronous and metachronous presentations continue to undergo significant refinement.Recent findings: Randomized trials such as STOMP and ORIOLE have demonstrated improved progression-free and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)-free survival with MDT in metachronous oligometastatic disease. More recent studies, including EXTEND and RADIOSA, suggest that combining MDT with short-course systemic therapy may further enhance disease control, while ongoing trials continue to evaluate MDT in synchronous disease. In parallel, the systemic therapy landscape has expanded with early adoption of second-generation androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs), PARP inhibitors for selected biomarker-defined populations, and radioligand therapies such as lutetium-177. Emerging evidence also suggests that molecular imaging with PSMA PET, genomic classifiers (e.g., Decipher), multimodal digital pathology tools (e.g., ArteraAI), and machine learning-based predictive models may help identify patients most likely to benefit from MDT. Additionally, novel immuno-oncology and bispecific antibody-based strategies are under active investigation.Summary: The integration of MDT with modern systemic and biologically informed strategies holds promise for personalized management of oligoPCa. Future efforts should prioritize biomarker- driven patient selection and rational treatment sequencing to optimize long-term outcomes.","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":"38 3","pages":"236-242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Steady progress in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer: a year in review. 晚期前列腺癌治疗的稳步进展：一年回顾。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Current Opinion in Oncology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-02 DOI: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000001237

Theodore Gourdin

引用次数: 0

Molecular biology of radiation response and resistance. 辐射响应和抗性的分子生物学。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Current Opinion in Oncology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000001213

Adam Young, Ben O'Leary

{"title":"Molecular biology of radiation response and resistance.","authors":"Adam Young, Ben O'Leary","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001213","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001213","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Locoregional failure remains a major barrier to cure in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Radiotherapy dosing remains largely dictated by anatomy, despite clear biological determinants of radiosensitivity. This review synthesises recent clinical and molecular evidence defining radioresistance and the emerging tools to guide more personalised radiotherapy.Recent findings: HPV status remains the archetype for intrinsic radiosensitivity and points to actionable vulnerabilities in TP53 -mutant disease. Dose escalation trials have not improved locoregional control, focusing attention on radiosensitisers, with ATR, ATM and DNA-PK inhibition demonstrating promise. DNA damage response inhibition is often limited by achievable exposure and toxicity, emphasising biomarker-guided scheduling and rational combinations. Pathway-level transcriptomic and genomic analyses suggest shared resistance programmes despite heterogeneous upstream drivers, while longitudinal multiomics aims to link baseline risk with on-treatment adaptation.Summary: Biology-guided stratification could personalise radiotherapy indication, dose/fractionation and systemic partnering in HNSCC. Prospective validation of clinical assays and trial designs capturing dynamic resistance are now key priorities.","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"187-193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147364100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unclear territory: navigating metastatic nonclear cell renal cell carcinoma. 领域不清：转移性不透明细胞肾细胞癌。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Current Opinion in Oncology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-17 DOI: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000001233

Taylor Goodstein, Vivian Wong, Gabriela Bravo Montenegro, Ramaprasad Srinivasan, Eric A Singer

{"title":"Unclear territory: navigating metastatic nonclear cell renal cell carcinoma.","authors":"Taylor Goodstein, Vivian Wong, Gabriela Bravo Montenegro, Ramaprasad Srinivasan, Eric A Singer","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001233","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001233","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To summarize recent updates in the classification, clinical trial evidence, and evolving treatment strategies for nonclear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC).Recent findings: The 2022 WHO classification eliminated the type 1/2 papillary paradigm, refined molecularly defined tumors such as fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient and anaplastic lymphoma kinase-rearranged RCC, while acknowledging indolent tumors like clear cell papillary renal cell tumors. Prospective and retrospective data increasingly support the use of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based regimens, particularly ICI/ tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) combinations. KEYNOTE-B61 and ARON-1 demonstrated consistent activity of pembrolizumab + lenvatinib across nccRCC subtypes, while the randomized SUNNIFORECAST trial validated ipilimumab + nivolumab as a first-line option with overall survival (OS) benefit over standard therapy. Subtype-specific approaches are also emerging: bevacizumab + erlotinib and sintilimab + axitinib showed high response rates in FH-deficient RCC, and prognostic tools such as VENUSS remain valuable for papillary RCC risk stratification. Despite progress, many studies remain limited by histologic heterogeneity and small sample sizes. Multiple ongoing trials, including ICONIC, SAMETA, and PAPMET2, are expected to further clarify optimal management strategies in 2026.Summary: Therapeutic advances are reshaping the management of nccRCC, with IO/TKI regimens and histology-specific therapies showing promise. Continued integration of molecular classification, rare subtype-specific trials, and international collaboration will be essential to establish evidence-based treatment standards for this diverse and understudied population.","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"220-228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147503405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emerging role of functional imaging in renal cell carcinoma: from morphology to molecular phenotyping with PET/computed tomography. 功能成像在肾细胞癌中的新作用：从形态学到PET/计算机断层扫描的分子表型。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Current Opinion in Oncology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-17 DOI: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000001227

Geetha Guduguntla, Sidney M Levy, Michael S Hofman

{"title":"Emerging role of functional imaging in renal cell carcinoma: from morphology to molecular phenotyping with PET/computed tomography.","authors":"Geetha Guduguntla, Sidney M Levy, Michael S Hofman","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001227","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001227","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Functional imaging in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), particularly in clear-cell (ccRCC), has accelerated over the past decade. Rapidly developing novel radiotracers signal growing clinical reliance for better diagnosis, staging and prognostication. This review highlights recent important publications in PET/CT imaging of ccRCC.Recent findings: 18 F-FDG PET/CT has limited RCC staging value owing to renal excretion and variable tumour uptake. 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT performs better, but uptake is not tumour-specific and related to neovasculature. Meanwhile, CA-IX-targeted tracers leverage a marker highly overexpressed in ccRCC, delivering high tumour-to-background ratio and superior lesion detection compared to conventional imaging. Early antibody-based tracers (e.g. 124 I/ 89 Zr-girentuximab) proved accurate but operationally cumbersome. Novel small-molecule and peptide CA-IX tracers (e.g. 68 Ga-DPI-4452) enable same-day imaging of better quality and lower dose, providing a noninvasive method to distinguish ccRCC from benign or nonclear-cell lesions and unmask occult metastases. Their paired therapeutic 177 Lu-analogues also promise better clinical translation with favourable pharmacokinetics and dosimetry.Summary: Functional imaging in RCC is shifting from anatomical assessment to molecular characterisation. These advances can better select candidates for local versus systemic treatment, individualise therapy and enable novel theranostics. Further prospective trials should validate their performance and define their place in clinical pathways.","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"212-219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147363994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Circulating tumor DNA for human papilloma virus-positive disease: ready for prime time? 人乳头瘤病毒阳性疾病的循环肿瘤DNA：准备好了吗？

IF 2.4 4区医学

Current Opinion in Oncology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-25 DOI: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000001232

Émilie C M de Groot, C René Leemans, Ruud H Brakenhoff

{"title":"Circulating tumor DNA for human papilloma virus-positive disease: ready for prime time?","authors":"Émilie C M de Groot, C René Leemans, Ruud H Brakenhoff","doi":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001232","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCO.0000000000001232","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with increasing frequencies. HPV-positive OPSCC is often treated by definitive radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Three to four months after treatment, response imaging is performed by MRI or PET-CT. In 10-15% of cases, residual disease is observed, causing subsequent diagnostic procedures and even treatments that were sometimes not necessary in retrospect. In 10-15% of cases, recurrences develop later in follow-up that are generally detected late. Liquid biopsies might be applied in HPV-positive OPSCC for early cancer detection, disease monitoring, and adaptive treatment.Recent findings: A variety of studies has been published on the various applications, either using (droplet) digital PCR or DNA sequencing. In this review, an overview of the mostly used methods and current state of the art is provided. In addition, we will propose how we might deal with early molecular diagnosis of recurrence by ctHPV-DNA detection in plasma.Summary: Disease monitoring in HPV-positive OPSCC has a very promising outlook, but published studies are generally small, and assays have not been standardized well. It is unknown whether ddPCR or DNA sequencing are the most suitable assays, as both have their advantages and limitations, and it might well depend on the specific application. We are awaiting large studies and preferably direct comparisons of ddPCR and DNA sequencing in clinical practice. In addition, we will have to develop a standardized method that can be rolled out. Only then it will be ready for prime time.","PeriodicalId":10893,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"161-169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147364071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0