Current pharmaceutical biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 in Colonic Epithelial Cells: A Paracrine Driver of Colonic Fibrosis.","authors":"Hang Gong, Xiao-Li Li, Yao-Hui Ma, De-Kui Zhang","doi":"10.2174/0113892010418561250917063533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010418561250917063533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study investigated the role and potential mechanisms of discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) in colon fibrogenesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed the DSS-induced chronic colitis and fibrosis model to evaluate the therapeutic potential of DDR1 knockout on colonic fibrosis. In vitro experiments involved generating human normal colonic epithelial cells (HIEC line) with DDR1 overexpression by lentivirus transfection. Human colonic fibroblasts were exposed to conditioned medium (CM) from the stably transfected cells that had been treated with transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1). The cells were collected for molecular and biochemical analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our proteomics analysis of DDR1 indicated significant enrichment of proteins involved in the extracellular matrix and fibrosis. In DSS-treated DDR1-KO mice, attenuation of colonic fibrosis and reduced activation of colonic fibroblasts were observed, contrasting significantly with their counterparts in DSS-treated WT mice. Colonic fibroblasts exhibited a marked increase in α- smooth muscle actin and type I collagen expression when exposed to CM from HIEC cells with DDR1 overexpression. Finally, overexpression of DDR1 markedly elevated the levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR, p62, and LC3B in HIEC cells, resulting in enhanced secretion of TGF-β1.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>DDR1 in HIEC cells attenuates autophagy primarily by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis and concurrently increasing the autophagic markers LC3B and p62, thereby inducing paracrine secretion of TGF-β1, which drives the activation and proliferation of colonic fibroblasts and elicits a robust profibrotic response.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study suggests that DDR1 may be a potential therapeutic target for colonic fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145291420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Contribution of Wearable Devices and Artificial Intelligence to Promoting Healthy Aging.","authors":"Natarajan Sisubalan, Natarajan Vijay, Periyanaina Kesika, Manoharan Newbegin, Ramadoss Shalini, Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi, Chaiyavat Chaiysut","doi":"10.2174/0113892010390500250911104231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010390500250911104231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Healthy aging involves consistently maximizing opportunities to maintain and enhance physical and mental well-being, fostering independence, and sustaining a high quality of life. This review examines recent technological innovations aimed at promoting the well-being of older adults. The scope encompasses wearable devices and telemedicine, showcasing their potential to enhance the health and overall well-being of older individuals. The review highlights the crucial role of assistive technologies, including mobility aids, hearing aids, and adaptive home devices, in addressing the specific challenges associated with aging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The relevant literature was collected and selected based on the objective of the study and reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Digital technologies, including brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), are explored as potential solutions to enhance communication between healthcare providers and aging patients, considering engagement levels and active interaction. Sophisticated BCIs, such as electroencephalograms, electrocorticography, and signal modeling for real-time identification, play a crucial role in event detection, with machine learning algorithms enhancing signal processing for accurate decoding. The exploration of smart wearable systems for health monitoring emerges as a dynamic and promising field in the context of aging.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Fitbit® showcases accurate step counting, making it suitable for monitoring physical activity in older adults engaged in slow walking. ActiGraph™ is evaluated for accuracy in monitoring physical activity in older adults, with results indicating reliable concurrence with Fitbit® devices. The study identifies several limitations, including sample size constraints, challenges in keeping pace with technological advancements, and the need for further investigation into the suitability of fitness trackers for individuals with significant mobility impairments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The evolving landscape of wearable technologies, exemplified by Fitbit®, Acti- Graph™, and other interventions, holds substantial promise for reshaping healthcare approaches for the aging population. Addressing the limitations will be crucial as research progresses to ensure the effective and ethical integration of wearables into geriatric care, maximizing their potential benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Protective Immunity of 5'-Cap Altered Rabies mRNA Vaccines in a Mouse Model.","authors":"Teng Zhang, Wen Zhang","doi":"10.2174/0113892010396404250903044326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010396404250903044326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Rabies Virus (RV or RABV) is a neurophilic pathogen predominantly transmitted to humans through bites, scratches, or wounds. Upon entering the central nervous system, the virus can cause severe symptoms, including acute encephalitis and paralysis, ultimately leading to death with an almost 100% mortality rate. Hence, it is essential to develop an effective oral rabies vaccine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We designed and synthesized three modified 5'-cap mRNA vaccines (RV-01(CAP- 01), RV-01(CAP-02) and RV-01(CAP-03)) encoding rabies virus glycoproteins in vitro and evaluated their immunogenicity and protective effect in mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The modified 5'-cap vaccine was successfully constructed and could be effectively expressed in HEK293 cells. The antibody detection results revealed the abundance of RABV-G in RV-01(CAP-01), RV-01(CAP-02) and RV-01(CAP-03). ELISPOT assays indicated that these variants promoted the production of immune-related cytokines. Furthermore, the modified 5'-cap vaccines could reduce the rabies viral load of mice and effectively prolong their survival.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The rabies mRNA vaccine had high efficacy and safety in preventing rabies, suggesting the great potential of mRNA as a promising candidate for RABV vaccines. However, the potential causes of the differences in the performance of the three modified 5'-cap rabies mRNA vaccines and the clinical application of 5'-Cap altered rabies mRNA vaccines need to be explored.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hence, these results demonstrated that the modified 5'-cap mRNA vaccine was effective in inducing immune responses, which might be considered a promising prophylactic strategy for rabies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PhytoCAT: A Comprehensive Data Repository of PhytoChemicals for Affordable Breast Cancer Therapeutics.","authors":"Firdaus Fatima, Asgar Hussain Ansari, Surabhi Seth, Saba Parveen, Yashna Dawer, Mansi Singh, Kumardeep Chaudhary, Srinivasan Ramachandran","doi":"10.2174/0113892010399400250903074949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010399400250903074949","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Breast cancer is a global health challenge with a high mortality rate of 30% of total cases in a year. Breast cancer presents in 4 main types, namely, TNBC, HER2+, luminal A, and Luminal B. Current treatments, though not without side effects, incur substantial cost, and are rendered ineffective by rising drug resistance. Phytochemicals are being investigated for their beneficial effects on breast cancer. Systematically collecting, organizing, and analyzing this data from available literature could benefit the development of more potent chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic approaches with reduced side effects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;To overcome the challenges posed by diverse naming practices, we adopted a sentiment (subjective) based text-mining approach to systematically extract and analyze data on antibreast cancer phytochemicals from biomedical literature. This method is based on anchor and associated terms to capture authors' sentiments regarding the therapeutic potential of these compounds. Subsequently, comprehensive and objective information was extracted and curated for each phytochemical, including target genes, pathways, study type, IC50 values, PMIDs, plant sources, and geographical availability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;PhytoCAT (PhytoChemical Affordable Therapeutics for Breast Cancer) is a comprehensive database of phytochemicals, plant extracts, and essential oils, enriched with links to phytogeographic data and chemical structures. PhytoCAT includes data on 28 essential oils, 470 plant extracts, and 1,649 phytochemical compounds. These compounds were classified into several chemical groups, including alkaloids (167), coumarins (43), flavonoids (290), lignans (47), quinones (43), saponins (27), sesquiterpenoid lactones (40), terpenoids (282), triterpenoid saponins (28), and xanthones (22) groups. Additionally, 505 phytochemicals belong to other subclasses such as esters, glucosides, phenanthrenes, and phenylpropanoids. Further, information on their mechanisms of action is also provided.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;Phytochemicals have gained significant attention in recent years because of their potential health benefits, particularly in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, including cancer. Compounds such as curcumin, resveratrol, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) are examples of phytochemicals that have shown promise in preclinical studies. PhytoCAT offers a centralized and searchable database enriched with biological, chemical, and pharmacological details. Its structured presentation allows researchers to identify promising compounds and study patterns in chemical class-specific activity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;PhytoCAT provides an evidence-based platform for researchers and clinicians to explore the potential of phytochemicals in breast cancer management. Although PhytoCAT has an advanced search engine, it lacks analytical tools, which we envisage","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Susceptibility among Clinical Strains of Enterococcus faecalis.","authors":"Muhamad Ali K Shakhatreh, Hana Hamad Rabaiah, Omar F Khabour, Jacob H Jacob, Karem H Alzoubi","doi":"10.2174/0113892010388498250818114856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010388498250818114856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Enterococci are common commensals in the gastrointestinal tract and are opportunistic organisms that can cause urinary tract infections, bacteremia, endocarditis, and pelvic infections. The study aimed to investigate antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and the presence and expression of virulence factors in clinical isolates of E. faecalis from Jordan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical isolates (n=89) of E. faecalis isolated from patients in Jordan were collected. Antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and the presence/expression of virulence genes asa1, gelE, esp, cylA, and efaA were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High resistance of E. faecalis was detected for ampicillin (98.9%), followed by quinupristin-dalfopristin (96.6%), tetracycline (83.1%), erythromycin (78.6%), and rifampin (68.5%). Most isolates (93.3%) were found to be biofilm producers. The prevalence of virulence genes was efaA (77.5%), asa1 (77.5%), gelE (69.7%), esp (50.6%), and cylA (30%). About 25.8% of the isolates were found to be gelatinase producers. In addition, hemolysin production was observed in 37.1% of the isolates.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The esp gene was associated with tetracycline resistance. The asa1 gene was associated with susceptibility to vancomycin. CylA was associated with resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin, as well as susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. The presence of gelE was associated with susceptibility to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, levofloxacin, and erythromycin. The cylA gene was associated with esp and asa1 genes, while the efaA was found to be associated with gelE and asa1 genes (P<0.05). Finally, biofilm formation was not associated with antimicrobial resistance (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The antibiotic resistance profiles and associated genes of E. faecalis isolates from Jordanian patients were reported. The efaA, asa1, and gelE virulence genes were highly prevalent among the isolates. The present findings can be used in the management of E. faecalis infection in Jordan.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pubescine as a Novel Antibacterial Agent Against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus: Growth Inhibition, Antibiotic Synergy, and Anti-Biofilm Activity.","authors":"Raya Soltane","doi":"10.2174/0113892010399006250923063945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010399006250923063945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The rise of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) has become a major public health concern due to its resistance to conventional antibiotics and ability to form biofilms. The urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies has led to increased interest in natural compounds with antimicrobial potential. Pubescine (PBN), a steroidal alkaloid isolated from Holarrhena pubescens, has demonstrated antimicrobial properties, but its efficacy against VRE remains unexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PBN was isolated and purified from Holarrhena pubescens using chromatographic techniques and identified through spectroscopic analysis. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined via broth microdilution assays. Time-kill assays assessed the bacteriostatic or bactericidal nature of PBN. Resistance development was evaluated through prolonged bacterial exposure to subinhibitory concentrations. Synergistic interactions with vancomycin and cefoxitin were analyzed using checkerboard microdilution assays. Biofilm formation and eradication were assessed via crystal violet staining and fluorescence imaging. Metabolic activity and oxidative stress induction were measured using the Alamar Blue assay and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) quantification, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PBN exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of VRE growth, primarily exerting a bacteriostatic effect without promoting the development of resistance. Checkerboard assays revealed strong synergy between PBN and vancomycin (FICI = 0.1875) and cefoxitin (FICI = 0.3125), suggesting that PBN enhances the efficacy of these antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>PBN significantly reduced biofilm formation and facilitated biofilm disruption at concentrations as low as 4 μg/mL. Metabolic assays demonstrated that PBN suppresses bacterial metabolic activity, while ROS quantification indicated a substantial increase in oxidative stress, suggesting a multi-targeted mechanism of action.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings establish PBN as a promising antimicrobial agent with potent activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. Its ability to enhance antibiotic efficacy, inhibit biofilm formation, and induce oxidative stress underscores its potential as a novel therapeutic strategy against multidrug-resistant infections. Further in vivo studies and pharmacokinetic evaluations are warranted to assess its clinical applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essential Oils from Olea europaea and Cyperus esculentus Exhibit Promising Therapeutic Effect against Alzheimer's Disease in a Rat Model.","authors":"Gamal M Hamad, Neven M Abdo, Sawsan A Abd Ellatif, Hazem S Elshafie, Elsayed S Abdel Razik, Mohamed H El-Sheikh, Sanaa S A Kabeil, Sarah A Abou-Alella, Adel I Abd Elaziz, Marwa A Saad, Naser A Alkenani, Ippolito Camele","doi":"10.2174/0113892010343085250226111914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010343085250226111914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease poses a major challenge as a widespread and fatal neurodegenerative disorder, primarily affecting the elderly population worldwide.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the potential protective and therapeutic effects of virgin olive oil and tiger nut essential oil on Alzheimer's dementia in male rats while also analyzing serum biomarker gene expression profiles in both Alzheimer's and control groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rats were fed basal diets supplemented with 5% virgin olive oil or tiger nut essential oil, along with high-fat meals containing trans fats, butter (25%), margarine (25%), and hydrogenated shorten oils (25%) to evaluate lipid profiles and serum biomarkers. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant upregulation of acetylcholinesterase, P53, BCL2, Mouse ICAM-1, PSEN, and BACE genes in the Alzheimer's disease group compared to controls. Real-time PCR analysis also identified inflammatory biomarkers and Alzheimer's disease-associated risk factors in high-fat diet-treated, virgin olive oil-treated, and control samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found significant correlations between serum biomarker levels, lipid profiles, and dietary treatments. The activities of acetylcholinesterase, glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase differed notably between virgin olive oil and tiger nut essential oil treatments. High-fat dietary treatments resulted in substantial increases in serum lipid profiles due to trans-fat intake compared to the control group. Overall, both virgin olive oil and tiger nut essential oil demonstrated cognitive enhancement and potential therapeutic effects against Alzheimer's disease symptoms induced by trans-fat feeding, including inhibition of acetylcholines-terase activity, reduction of amyloid-beta accumulation, and mitigation of inflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study suggests that serum biomarker gene expression profiles could serve as valuable indicators for differentiating between Alzheimer's disease, virgin olive oil, and dietary treatments. Both virgin olive oil and tiger nut essential oil demonstrated protective effects, enhancing cognitive function and offering therapeutic potential against AD symptoms. These effects were achieved through the reduction of inflammation, the inhibition of AChE activity, and the reduction of amyloid-beta accumulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Antimicrobial Resistance: From Mechanisms to Public Health Implications.","authors":"Krishnendu Adhikary, Krishnendu Ganguly, Susmita Chakrabarty, Riya Sarkar, Riya Nag, Sanchita Srivastava, Saurav Barman, Pradipta Banerjee, Prithviraj Karak, Sumel Ashique, Md Sadique Hussain","doi":"10.2174/0113892010406135250828050228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010406135250828050228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health crisis driven by the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, inadequate infection control practices, and the evolution of microbes. It compromises the effective treatment of infections, posing severe implications for morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Pathogens such as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- producing Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) exemplify the growing threat of drug-resistant organisms. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms underlying AMR, including enzymatic drug inactivation, efflux pump overexpression, target site modification, and biofilm formation. Additionally, it examines the clinical and economic implications of AMR and assesses emerging strategies for mitigation. Innovative solutions, such as bacteriophage therapy, CRISPR-based genome editing, and the One Health approach, offer promising avenues to address resistance across the human, animal, and environmental health sectors. Coordinated global efforts in surveillance, stewardship, and research are essential to curbing the spread and impact of AMR.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Pioglitazone as a Ferroptosis Inhibitor in Mitigating Radiation-Induced Damage in Testicular Tissue of Mice.","authors":"Nikta Shabanian, Mohammad Shourmij, Zahra Nashtahosseini, Sana Abdul-Jabbar Ali, Ghusoon Ahmed Azeez Alameedee, Fereshteh Talebpour Amiri, Fatemeh Jalali Zefrei, Soghra Farzipour","doi":"10.2174/0113892010395182250818105131","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892010395182250818105131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Radiation targets cancer but risks causing infertility by damaging sensitive testes, especially spermatogonia. This study investigates IR-induced testicular damage and assesses PGZ's potential protective role as a ferroptosis inhibitor.</p><p><strong>Material & methods: </strong>In this study, Seventy-two BALB/c mice were randomly divided into eight groups: a control, PGZ (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg), IR (8 Gy), and IR+ PGZ (in three doses). PGZ was administered for 10 consecutive days, and mice were exposed to IR on the 11th day of the study. 24 h after RT, the mice's testis tissue was subjected to a series of evaluations to assess oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters, with histopathological analyses conducted one week after IR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Biochemical analyses revealed that exposure to IR significantly increased ferroptosis markers, while concurrently decreasing intracellular antioxidants GSH. Histological examinations confirmed damage to spermatogenic cells, leading to detachment from the basement membrane and reduced sperm counts. Pre-treatment with PGZ at 30 mg/kg effectively reduced the levels of oxidative stress markers and improved antioxidant levels, demonstrating its potential protective effects against ferroptosis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results suggest PGZ can protect against radiation-induced testicular damage by inhibiting ferroptosis and promoting spermatogenesis recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results indicate that PGZ may act as a protective agent against radiationinduced testicular damage and support the recovery of spermatogenesis following IR exposure. Further research is warranted to explore the molecular mechanisms of PGZ's protective effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Progress on the Effects of Anthocyanins on Cognitive Function and Their Underlying Mechanisms.","authors":"Wen-Huan Dong, Ting Wang, Zi-Ping Wang, Xin Wen, Qi-Qi Huang, Zhang-E Xiong","doi":"10.2174/0113892010396692250826091442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010396692250826091442","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;This review aims to systematically investigate the existing research on the effects of anthocyanins on cognitive functions and their underlying mechanisms involved. It provides detailed insights into their development and potential applications.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method: &lt;/strong&gt;An extensive review and analysis of various animal experiments and human studies were performed using databases, such as Web of Science, Sci-Hub, EI, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. The keywords, titles, or abstracts searched included, but were not limited to, 'Anthocyanin', 'Cognition', 'Anti-inflammatory', 'Antioxidation', 'Autophagy', and 'Insulin resistance'. The search was conducted covering the period from January 2017 to November 2025. Our aim was to summarize the evidence concerning the impact of anthocyanins on cognitive functions and to explore their underlying mechanisms. We analyzed these mechanisms in terms of antioxidant activity, reduction of neuroinflammation, regulation of autophagy-related pathways, and central insulin sensitivity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Result: &lt;/strong&gt;A substantial body of research has indicated that anthocyanins exert beneficial effects on cognitive function. In models exhibiting cognitive impairment, supplementation with anthocyanins has been shown to significantly improve cognitive capabilities. The underlying mechanisms of action are primarily attributed to the following factors: the strong antioxidant properties of anthocyanins, which effectively neutralize free radicals in the brain, thereby diminishing oxidative stress and protecting neuronal integrity and functionality; the inhibition of neuroinflammatory responses, which alleviates the detrimental impact of inflammatory agents on neural tissues and contributes to the maintenance of the brain's homeostatic environment; and the regulation of autophagy- related pathways and central insulin sensitivity, which collectively reduce damage to proteins linked to cognitive function and enhance learning and memory processes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;As the global population ages rapidly and the prevalence of cognitive decline-related diseases, like Alzheimer's, increases, there is a pressing need to create medications that can improve cognitive abilities. Researchers are paying close attention to anthocyanins, natural substances found in plants such as blueberries and purple grapes, due to their significant potential to influence cognitive functions. Nonetheless, further clinical trials are necessary to validate the appropriate dosage and bioavailability of anthocyanins, and certain limitations must be acknowledged.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;In the present study, it was found that anthocyanins can improve cognitive impairment in both humans and animals. Their mechanisms of action primarily involve antiinflammatory effects, antioxidant activity, modulation of autophagy, and the reduction of central insulin resistance. This research lays the groundwork ","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}