Current Medical Mycology最新文献

{"title":"Indoor environment assessment of special wards of educational hospitals for the detection of fungal contamination sources: A multi-center study (2019-2021).","authors":"Mona Ghazanfari,&nbsp;Jamshid Yazdani Charati,&nbsp;Nasser Keikha,&nbsp;Mahdi Kholoujini,&nbsp;Firoozeh Kermani,&nbsp;Yaser Nasirzadeh,&nbsp;Behrad Roohi,&nbsp;Mohammad Hassan Minooeianhaghighi,&nbsp;Bahram Salari,&nbsp;Seyed Ali Jeddi,&nbsp;Mojtaba Didehdar,&nbsp;Azar Shokri,&nbsp;Sekhavat Ameri Seyahooei,&nbsp;Narges Aslani,&nbsp;Mehdi Nazeri,&nbsp;Aynaz Ghojoghi,&nbsp;Kazem Amirizad,&nbsp;Maryam Azish,&nbsp;Mohsen Nosratabadi,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Zakerian,&nbsp;Shakiba Hedayati,&nbsp;Hedieh Hatamipour,&nbsp;Mahdi Abastabar,&nbsp;Iman Haghani,&nbsp;Mohammad T Hedayati","doi":"10.32598/CMM.2023.1370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/CMM.2023.1370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The hospital environment was reported as a real habitat for different microorganisms, especially mold fungi. On the other hand, these opportunistic fungi were considered hospital-acquired mold infections in patients with weak immune status. Therefore, this multi-center study aimed to evaluate 23 hospitals in 18 provinces of Iran for fungal contamination sources.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In total, 43 opened Petri plates and 213 surface samples were collected throughout different wards of 23 hospitals. All collected samples were inoculated into Sabouraud Dextrose Agar containing Chloramphenicol (SC), and the plates were then incubated at 27-30ºC for 7-14 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 210 fungal colonies from equipment (162, 77.1%) and air (48, 22.9%) were identified. The most predominant isolated genus was <i>Aspergillus</i> (47.5%), followed by <i>Rhizopus</i> (14.2%), <i>Mucor</i> (11.7%), and <i>Cladosporium</i> (9.2%). <i>Aspergillus</i> (39.5%), <i>Cladosporium</i> (16.6%), as well as <i>Penicillium</i> and Sterile hyphae (10.4% each), were the most isolates from the air samples. Moreover, intensive care units (38.5%) and operating rooms (21.9%) had the highest number of isolated fungal colonies. Out of 256 collected samples from equipment and air, 163 (63.7%) were positive for fungal growth. The rate of fungal contamination in instrument and air samples was 128/213 (60.1%) and 35/43 (81.2%), respectively. Among the isolated species of <i>Aspergillus</i>, <i>A. flavus</i> complex (38/96, 39.6%), <i>A. niger</i> complex (31/96, 32.3%), and <i>A. fumigatus</i> complex (15/96, 15.6%) were the commonest species.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to our findings, in addition to air, equipment and instrument should be considered among the significant sources of fungal contamination in the indoor environment of hospitals.</p>","PeriodicalId":10863,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Mycology","volume":"8 4","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10509496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41142613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotyping of <i>candida albicans</i> isolates obtained from vulvovaginal candidiasis patients in Zanjan, Iran, based on ABC and RPS typing systems.","authors":"Saeid Amanloo,&nbsp;Masoomeh Zanjani,&nbsp;Sahar Serajian,&nbsp;Farzaneh Ahmadi,&nbsp;Firoozeh Kakavand","doi":"10.32598/CMM.2023.1364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/CMM.2023.1364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Genotyping of pathogenic microorganisms is important for epidemiological studies and the adoption of appropriate strategies to control infectious diseases. In this regard, the present study aimed to genotype <i>Candida albicans</i> strains isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) patients using combined ABC type (25SrDNA) and repetitive sequence (RPS) typing systems. using combined typing systems of ABC type (25SrDNA) and repetitive sequence (RPS).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In total, 140 patients with VVC were investigated. Vaginal discharges were collected on Sabouraud dextrose agar and identified by CHROMagar. After species identification, a polymerase chain reaction system targeting 25S rDNA as well as ALT repeats in the RPS was designed to determine <i>C. albicans</i> genotypes. The dendrogram was constructed by zero-one matrix data based on the combination of ABC and RPS typing systems. Statistical analysis of data was performed in SPSS software (version 23).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 41 (29.3%) <i>Candida</i> isolates were obtained from 140 VVC patients. The most common <i>Candida</i> species that were identified included <i>C. glabrata</i> (56.1%) and <i>C. albicans</i> (39%). Genotype A3 with five isolates (31.25%) had the highest frequency, followed by B2/3 with three isolates (18.3%), A3/4, C3/4, and B3/4 with two isolates (12.5%), and C2/3 and C3 with one isolate (6.25%), respectively. No significant association was found between the genotypes and antifungal resistance (<i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results showed that non-<i>albicans Candida</i> species are more prevalent in VVC patients, compared to <i>C. albicans</i>. The results also indicated that ABC and RPS typings are useful for rapid genotyping and differentiation of <i>C. albicans</i> isolates in regional and small-scale studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10863,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Mycology","volume":"8 4","pages":"9-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10509497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41101503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical, epidemiological, and mycological features of patients with candidemia: Experience in two tertiary referral centers in Iran.","authors":"Mohammad Kord,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Salehi,&nbsp;Seyed Jamal Hashemi,&nbsp;Alireza Abdollahi,&nbsp;Neda Alijani,&nbsp;Ayda Maleki,&nbsp;Shahram Mahmoudi,&nbsp;Kazem Ahmadikia,&nbsp;Nasrin Parsameher,&nbsp;Masoud Moradi,&nbsp;Mahsa Abdorahimi,&nbsp;Sara Rezaie,&nbsp;Shirin Sadat Hashemi Fesharaki,&nbsp;Kiana Abbasi,&nbsp;Laura Alcazar-Fuoli,&nbsp;Sadegh Khodavaisy","doi":"10.18502/cmm.8.3.11207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/cmm.8.3.11207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Candidemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy and those hospitalized with serious underlying diseases. Here, we investigated the epidemiological, clinical, and mycological features of candidemia in Tehran, Iran.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prospective observational study of all patients diagnosed with candidemia was performed at two referral teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran, from February to December 2018. Demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, risk factors, clinical symptoms, and laboratory analyses of candidemic patients with positive culture were mined. <i>Candida</i> isolates were molecularly identified by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2). The antifungal susceptibility testing for fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, amphotericin B, caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against the isolates was performed using CLSI broth microdilution reference method (M27-A3).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 89 episodes were identified, with an incidence of 2.1 episodes/1000 admissions. The common underling disease were malignancy (46%), renal failure/dialysis (44%), and hypertension (40%). The overall crude mortality was 47%. <i>C. albicans</i> (44%) was the most frequent causative agent, followed by <i>C. glabrata</i> (21%), <i>C. parapsilosis</i> complex (15%), <i>C. tropicalis</i> (11%), and <i>C. lusitaniae</i> (3.5%). All the isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B. The activity of all four azoles was low against <i>non-albicans Candida</i> species, especially <i>C. tropicalis</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The increase in non-<i>albicans Candida</i> species with reduced susceptibility to antifungal drugs might be alarming in high-risk patients. Therefore, accurate knowledge of predisposing factors and epidemiological patterns in candidemia are effective steps for managing and decreasing the mortality rate in candidemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":10863,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Mycology","volume":"8 3","pages":"9-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10084488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9305608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of <i>Candida albicans</i> biofilm formation on conventional and computer-aided-design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) denture base materials.","authors":"Milad Larijani, Zahra Zareshahrabadi, AbdolHamid Alhavaz, Romina Hajipour, Alireza Ranjbaran, Rashin Giti, Vahid Soltankarimi, Kamiar Zomorodian","doi":"10.18502/cmm.8.3.11208","DOIUrl":"10.18502/cmm.8.3.11208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The human mouth mucosal surface is colonized by indigenous microflora, which normally maintains an ecological balance among different species. However, certain environmental or biological factors may disrupt this balance, leading to microbial diseases. <i>Candida albicans</i> biofilms are formed on indwelling medical devices and have an association with both oral and invasive candidiasis. This study aimed to compare the amount of adherent <i>C. albicans</i> and the biofilm formed on different denture base materials. The adhesion of <i>C. albicans</i> to denture base materials is widely recognized as the main reason for the development of denture stomatitis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In total, 56 polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) acrylic resin disc-shaped samples were divided into four groups as follows: 1) chemically polymerized PMMA, 2) heat-polymerized PMMA, 3) computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) PMMA in high polish, and 4) CAD/CAM resins in glazed form. The adherent cells and formation of <i>C. albicans</i> strains (562, 1905, 1912, and 1949) biofilm were measured by the 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) method and use of a microplate reader. Moreover, morphological alterations of <i>C. albicans</i> cells were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The biofilm formation was significantly lower on CAD/CAM acrylic resins, compared to conventional denture base materials. The obtained results were confirmed by the SEM images of C. albicans biofilms. CAD/CAM PMMA-based polymers may be preferable to inhibit C. albicans biofilm formation and reduce Candida-associated denture stomatitis in long-term use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the findings, the CAD/CAM technique can be used as an efficient technique for denture fabrication as it inhibits microbial accumulation, and consequently, microbial biofilm.</p>","PeriodicalId":10863,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Mycology","volume":"8 3","pages":"23-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10084483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9304969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology, species distribution, antifungal susceptibility, and outcome of candidemia in intensive care units in Isfahan, Iran.","authors":"Azam Haghighatfard,&nbsp;Saeed Abbasi,&nbsp;Pegah Alijani,&nbsp;Farzaneh Afyooni Akbari,&nbsp;Hossein Rashidi,&nbsp;Parvin Dehghan","doi":"10.18502/cmm.8.3.11217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/cmm.8.3.11217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Candidemia is known as an invasive fungal infection with high mortality. The prevalence of candidemia in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is more than in other hospital wards. Early diagnosis of candidemia in these patients is essential for disease management.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study included 250 patients suspected of candidemia. Blood samples were taken from patients and incubated. The fungal isolates were identified by PCR-RFLP method using <i>MSP I</i> restriction enzyme. Demographic characteristics, risk factors, underlying diseases, and laboratory analysis results were mined in this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 22 blood samples were identified as positive for <i>Candida</i> yeasts in culture. The most common underlying diseases in these patients were heart disease and hypertension (36.4%). <i>Candida albicans</i> with 12 cases (54.5%) was the most isolated species, followed by <i>C. parapsilosis</i> (n=5, 22.7%), <i>C. glabrata</i> (n=4, 18.2%), and <i>C. tropicalis</i> (n=1, 4.5%) in descending order. Intravenous catheter use was recognized as the most common risk factor in patients with candidemia (77.3%), and after that, the use of mechanical ventilation (68.2%) and urinary catheter (40.9%) obtained the highest frequency. Furthermore, 17 patients were prescribed at least one antifungal drug, of which fluconazole was the most used (36.4%). The mortality rate in patients in this study was 63.6%. All <i>C. albicans</i> isolates were susceptible to antifungal agents but in non-<i>albicans Candida</i> (NAC), drug resistance to fluconazole, voriconazole, and caspofungin were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although <i>C. albicans</i> was the most common fungal species in this study, the prevalence of NAC species was high. The increasing frequency of NAC species is a concern because they have different patterns of drug resistance. Recognition of risk factors in patients admitted to ICUs can help prevent candidemia or properly manage the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":10863,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Mycology","volume":"8 3","pages":"30-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10084487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9297851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and molecular identification of mixed yeast isolates in Malaysia: A way forward.","authors":"Humaira Farooq,&nbsp;Tahmina Monowar,&nbsp;Suresh V Chinni,&nbsp;Swe Swe Latt,&nbsp;Noor Hasliza Zainol,&nbsp;Gokul Shankar Sabesan","doi":"10.18502/cmm.8.3.11209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/cmm.8.3.11209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Invasive candidiasis is one of the most common systemic mycoses, and studies have shown mixed yeast infections. Malaysia lacks mixed yeast culture data.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Yeast isolates were collected in Sultan Abdul Halim Hospital, North Malaysia, from October 2020 to October 2021. Chromogenic <i>Candida</i> differential agar media and PCR-RFLP were used to identify yeast species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 206 yeast isolates were collected from different body sites of patients. The majority of the yeast isolates (n=104) were obtained from the urine. Other isolates were extracted from blood (n=52), vaginal swabs (n=45), ear discharge (n=2), tracheal aspirate (n=2), tissue (n=2), skin (n=1), nail (n=1), sputum (n=1), and cerebrospinal fluid (n=1). In total, 200 yeast samples were identified as single species, and six isolates were a mixture of <i>Candida</i> species.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Malaysia lacks accurate epidemiological data on mixed yeast infections. We identified all samples to the species level, including mixed yeast cultures, using the <i>MspI</i> enzyme and PCR-RFLP.</p>","PeriodicalId":10863,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Mycology","volume":"8 3","pages":"35-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10084489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9304361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Candida</i> species isolated from clinical samples in a tertiary hospital in Honduras: Where is <i>Candida auris</i>?","authors":"Bryan Ortiz,&nbsp;Kateryn Aguilar,&nbsp;Celeste Galindo,&nbsp;Lizzy Molina,&nbsp;Gustavo Fontecha","doi":"10.18502/cmm.8.3.11212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/cmm.8.3.11212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Infections by emerging and multiresistant <i>Candida</i> species are becoming more frequent throughout the world. This study aimed to describe <i>Candida</i> species in different wards of a tertiary hospital in Honduras.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The prevalence of species within the <i>C. albicans</i> complex was estimated using a molecular approach, and <i>C. auris</i> was investigated using a yeast pool-based DNA extraction method. In total, 328 yeast isolates were identified using phenotypic approaches. For the identification of species within the <i>C. albicans</i> complex, a molecular approach based on the size polymorphisms of the hpw1 gene was used. In addition, a technique was optimized based on DNA extraction in pools for the rapid identification of <i>C. auris</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 11 species of <i>Candida</i> were identified in the hospital wards. <i>C. albicans</i> showed the highest number of isolates (52.4%). Within the <i>C. albicans</i> complex, <i>C. albicans</i> sensu stricto was the most common, followed by <i>C. dubliniensis</i>. However, <i>C. auris</i> was not found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reports on the distribution of <i>Candida</i> species in Honduras are limited; accordingly, the data from this study are of importance for a better understanding of their epidemiology. Moreover, a simple method was offered for the detection of <i>C. auris</i> that could help in its detection in low-resource settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":10863,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Mycology","volume":"8 3","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10084484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9304966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare case of a nasal cavity fungus ball due to <i>Aspergillus niger</i>.","authors":"Emine Nur Kahraman,&nbsp;Şehrazat Evirgen,&nbsp;Ahmed Badri Abed,&nbsp;Safiye Elif Korcan,&nbsp;Cansu Gül Efeoğlu Koca","doi":"10.18502/cmm.8.3.11213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/cmm.8.3.11213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Fungus Ball (FB) is a non-invasive fungal infection caused mainly by <i>Aspergillus</i> species. It can occur after root canal treatments are applied to the teeth adjacent to the maxillary sinus. These balls are commonly seen in the paranasal sinuses and rarely observed in the nasal cavity. This report attempted in to highlight such a rare case of fungal infection which requires accurate observation. Moreover, it highlights the importance of careful microbiological and histopathological examinations that were combined with imaging and can lead to a definitive diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>Herein, we report a rare case of a FB found in the vicinity of the nasal cavity of a 73-year-old male patient. Microbiological examination supported by radiographic and histopathological results indicated that the FB is due to <i>Aspergillus niger</i>. Excised surgery was done to the FB area, and the patient was referred to the post-operation room with the proper recommendations. After the wound healed, the total denture was performed as requested by the patient, and his overall oral health was improved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this article, we report the first case of a rare FB in the vicinity of the nasal cavity of a 73-year-old male patient. The appropriate investigation is an essential step in the diagnostic process for these infections and requires effective communication and collaboration.</p>","PeriodicalId":10863,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Mycology","volume":"8 3","pages":"39-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10084490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9297847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Candida auris</i> and COVID-19: A health threatening combination.","authors":"Shaghayegh Khojasteh,&nbsp;Jalal Jafarzdeh,&nbsp;Seyed Abdollah Hosseini,&nbsp;Iman Haghani,&nbsp;Habibollah Turki,&nbsp;Sanaz Aghaei Gharehbolagh,&nbsp;Mahdi Abastabar,&nbsp;Shahram Mahmoudi","doi":"10.18502/cmm.8.3.11211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/cmm.8.3.11211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since its first emergence in December 2019, due to its fast distribution throughout the world, SARS-COV-2 become a global concern. With the extremely increased number of hospitalized patients, this situation provided a potential basis for the transmission of nosocomial infections. <i>Candida auris</i> is a multidrug-resistant pathogen with improved transmission dynamics and resistance traits. During the worldwide spread of COVID-19, cases or outbreaks of <i>C. auris</i> colonization or infection have been reported. Resistance to antifungal drugs has been observed in the causative agents of the majority of such cases. The focus in this review is on COVID-19-associated <i>C. auris</i> infections (case studies/outbreaks) and the pandemic's potential effect on antifungal drug resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":10863,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Mycology","volume":"8 3","pages":"44-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10084486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9297854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral <i>Candida</i> colonization and anti-fungal susceptibility pattern in patients with hematological malignancy.","authors":"Maryam Talebshoushtari Zadeh,&nbsp;Ensieh Lotfali,&nbsp;Mahsa Fattahi,&nbsp;Sara Abolgasemi","doi":"10.18502/cmm.8.3.11210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/cmm.8.3.11210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Candidiasis is regarded as one of the most important fungal infections and a cause of disease and mortality in patients with hematological malignancy. Accordingly, antifungal prophylaxis is of significant importance in this regard. This study aimed to identify the epidemiology of <i>Candida</i> colonization and evaluate its antifungal susceptibility pattern in patients with hematological malignancy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, the samples were collected from the oral cavity of 100 patients, and <i>Candida</i> colonization was confirmed by fungal culture. <i>Candida</i> strains were also identified by ITS-PCR. <i>In vitro</i> antifungal susceptibility tests against fluconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin were performed according to CLSI M60.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, distribution of <i>Candida</i> species (spp.), and antifungal susceptibility were analyzed in this study. The study participants included 100 patients with a mean age of 15.48%±48.74 years (age range: 17-84 years). Regarding gender distribution, the majority (64%) of the patients were male. In terms of the distribution of underlying hematologic malignancy, 27% of the cases had lymphoma. The most commonly isolated species among patients were <i>C. albicans</i> complex (49%; n=49), <i>C. glabrata</i> (39%; n=39), and co-colonization of <i>C. albicans</i> complex and <i>C.</i> with <i>C. glabrata</i> (10%; n=10). The overall resistance of <i>C. albicans</i> complex was 5% to fluconazole (n=5) and 2% to amphotericin B (n=2). Furthermore, <i>C. glabrata</i> showed 11% (n=11) resistance to fluconazole and was susceptible to amphotericin B. All <i>Candida</i> spp. isolated from patients who were susceptible to caspofungin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high rate of colonization of <i>Candida</i> spp., especially the significant increase in the frequency of <i>C. glabrata</i> in patients with blood malignancies and the gradual increase in resistance to fluconazole, necessitate a change in the use of antifungal drugs for the prevention and experimental treatment of hematological malignancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10863,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Mycology","volume":"8 3","pages":"18-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10084485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9297852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}