Current protein & peptide science最新文献

{"title":"Bioactive Antioxidant Peptides as Novel Natural Interventions for Cardiometabolic Disorders: Mechanistic Insights and Phytotherapeutic Potential.","authors":"Prashant Mishra, M Salman Khan","doi":"10.2174/0113892037449443260224072610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892037449443260224072610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiometabolic disorders (CMDs) represent a significant health challenge worldwide, and they consist of a vast range of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and related complications. The involvement of oxidative stress in the etiology of these conditions is considered a major cause of dysregulation of physiological homeostasis, as it alters a host of signalling pathways, including insulin signalling, causes chronic inflammation, compromises vascular function, and damages cardiomyocytes. The therapeutic approaches currently available as antioxidants, both synthetic and natural, have not been very effective due to low bioavailability, potential toxicity, and indiscriminate targeting. Antioxidant peptides are yet another promising alternative to address these limitations, owing to their greater safety profile, increased bioactivity, target specificity, and better absorption. The main purpose of this article is to comprehensively assess bioactive peptide sources, mechanisms, and therapeutic roles. A structured search strategy was used to identify pertinent papers on bioactive antioxidant peptides and their role in CMDs. Online databases were searched for publications between 2000 and 2025 using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. These small bioactive antioxidant peptides, derived from a variety of dietary, plant, marine, animal, and microbial sources, possess potent antioxidant properties. They work in various ways, such as Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) scavenging, metal ion chelation, and regulation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, and are more effective at countering oxidative stress-induced CMDs, with better safety profiles, enhanced absorption, and greater target specificity than traditional antioxidants. The current review has provided evidence that bioactive peptides have therapeutic potential, especially in addressing the shortages of synthetic and natural small-molecule antioxidants. They are important in CMD Control because of their molecular diversity. It is hypothesized that bioactive peptides-owing to their multifunctional nature-may serve as significant therapeutic and diagnostic agents for managing oxidative stress and restoring cardiometabolic balance.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147621741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the Study of Noncoding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Pregnancy-related Diseases.","authors":"Kunzheng Fan, Qingqing Xu, Wenjing Liang, Chao Liu, Huijie Gao","doi":"10.2174/0113892037440974260220084308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892037440974260220084308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a heterogeneous group of RNA molecules that lack protein-coding capability. The major classes of ncRNAs are long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Numerous studies have confirmed that ncRNAs are essential regulators of placental development and maternal-fetal homeostasis. By modulating trophoblast proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and vascularization, ncRNAs critically regulate the onset and trajectory of gestational disorders. Herein, we summarize studies on the aberrant expression and functional significance of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and circRNAs in pregnancy disorders, including preeclampsia, recurrent spontaneous abortion, fetal growth restriction, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Several ncRNAs, including lncRNAs TUG1 and MALAT1, miRNAs miR-155 and miR-143, hsa_circ_0002348, and circVEGFC, have been experimentally implicated in disease pathogenesis through modulation of key signaling cascades, epigenetic remodeling, and stress-responsive cellular programs. Although current research has provided initial insights into the regulatory functions and expression profiles of ncRNAs in pregnancy-related disorders, most findings are derived from samples collected during mid- and late gestation. The dynamic expression patterns and precise functional roles of ncRNAs during early pregnancy remain poorly understood. Future studies should prioritize longitudinal investigations spanning the entire gestational period, implement standardized validation across large-scale clinical cohorts, and further elucidate the mechanistic involvement of ncRNAs in placental development and disease pathogenesis. This article provides a comprehensive assessment of the substantial potential of ncRNAs in the prevention and treatment of pregnancy-related diseases, and outlines future translational applications and research directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147621699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PI3K/AKT Signaling as a Molecular Link Between Obesity and Female Infertility.","authors":"Gunvanti Rathod, Pragnesh Parmar","doi":"10.2174/0113892037468611260302083920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892037468611260302083920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity-related female infertility is a result of the intricate interplay between metabolic disorders and reproductive abnormalities. The Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway is an important molecular mediator that translates insulin action, adipokine function, and ovarian physiology. In obesity, the aberrant regulation of protein and peptide mediators of this pathway, such as insulin, adipokines, gonadotropins, and inflammatory cytokines, results in dysfunctional follicular growth, hormonal dysregulation, and decreased endometrial receptibility. Recent studies indicate that modulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway may provide novel therapeutic strategies to manage both metabolic and reproductive complications of obesity. This article focuses on the mechanistic and clinical implications of PI3K/AKT pathway dysfunction in obesity-related female infertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147621758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of Keratin-Rich Waste: Extraction, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications.","authors":"Sourav Mandal, Kamalakanta Ray, Indranil Chatterjee, Projna Mridha, Soumitra Sahana, Sumanta Mondal, Tapan Kumar Shaw","doi":"10.2174/0113892037419510251113055014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892037419510251113055014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Keratin is a fibrous structural protein that occurs in abundance in hair, wool, feathers, horns, and nails, and it is a valuable biopolymer with great biomedical applications. The poultry, textile, and leather industries produce millions of tons of keratin waste annually, resulting in significant environmental problems due to their negligible biodegradability as well as the lack of environmentally friendly disposal methods. Recent studies have moved towards valorizing keratin waste, where ongoing research in extraction, purification, and modification techniques has made its applications viable in wound healing, tissue engineering, drug delivery, cosmetics, and ecological remediation. In contrast to previous reviews, this article presents a critical evaluation of traditional, chemical, and industrial extraction methods, focusing on their efficiency, scalability, and sustainability. This study also emphasizes biomedical applications, addresses the challenges and bottlenecks like immunogenicity, reproducibility, and regulatory hurdles, and charts future research agendas for the development of keratin-based biomaterials within a circular bioeconomy scenario. Thus, this review closes the gap between keratin waste management and biomedical innovation and provides novel insights toward sustainable exploitation and next-generation therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147607909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization, Expression, Purification, and Activity Identification of Anti-PD-1 scFv.","authors":"Wan Jiandong, Yu Peining, Liu Yulin, Qin Zhiyang, Wu Haobin, Wang Feng","doi":"10.2174/0113892037434553260114054631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892037434553260114054631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized cancer therapy but face challenges, including immune-related adverse events, poor tumor penetration due to their large size, and high production costs. Single-chain variable fragments offer a promising alternative, with enhanced tissue penetration and the potential for cost-effective prokaryotic expression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on the Opdivo sequence, an anti-PD-1 scFv (L2H5) was designed using a framework region-frequency-guided optimization approach. Two sites in the light chain and five in the heavy chain FR were mutated to high-frequency residues. The gene was codon-optimized for E. coli and cloned into the pET-28a vector. The protein was expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), purified via Ni-NTA chromatography from inclusion bodies, and refolded by dialysis. Its bioactivity was assessed by immunoblotting, cytotoxicity assay, immunofluorescence, and a luciferase-based tumor cell killing assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The codon-optimized L2H5 scFv was successfully expressed, yielding 4 mg/L after purification. Immunoblotting confirmed its specific binding to PD-1. The CCK-8 assay demonstrated no significant cytotoxicity towards normal 293T cells. Immunofluorescence revealed specific binding to PD-1 on A549 cell surfaces. In a co-culture system with tumor cells and lymphocytes, the L2H5 scFv significantly enhanced T cell-mediated tumor cell killing in a dose- and time-dependent manner.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study connected the VH and VL region sequences of the PD-1 monoclonal antibody drug Opdivo through a linker to form a PD-1 single-chain antibody and tried to mutate and optimize the protein sequence of the antibody framework region. The activity and binding of L2H5 PD-1 scFv to PD-1 protein were verified by in vitro experiments, and the binding ability of L2H5 PD-1 scFv to PD-1 protein was verified by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. In terms of binding ability, the results of immunoblotting showed that the corresponding bands were detected at the size position of PD-1 protein, and the results of immunofluorescence intuitively showed the binding of L2H5 PD-1 scFv protein on cells. In terms of biological activity, the results of CCK-8 experiments showed that L2H5 PD-1 scFv had no obvious toxicity to normal cells and did not affect the growth and proliferation of normal cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The L2H5 anti-PD-1 scFv protein was successfully expressed by a prokaryotic vector. The expressed protein had no obvious toxicity to normal cells and retained PD-1-binding activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147607859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Synergistic Anti-Psoriatic Potential of Bioactive Compounds Tyrosol and Farnesol through In-Silico and In Vitro Approaches.","authors":"Pankaj Singh Patel, Rajnish Srivastava, Naveen Singh, Sunita Panchawat","doi":"10.2174/0113892037428426251217091328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892037428426251217091328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affected by genetic, immune, and environmental factors. The purpose of the study was to examine the anti-psoriatic properties of Tyrosol and Farnesol against proteins associated with psoriasis, as well as their antioxidant properties.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affected by genetic, immune, and environmental factors. The purpose of the study was to examine the anti-psoriatic properties of Tyrosol and Farnesol against proteins associated with psoriasis, as well as their antioxidant properties.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A molecular docking simulation (AutoDock) was performed to determine the potential binding between Tyrosol and Farnesol to important targets associated with psoriasis (IL-36, IRAK4, ROR, PDE4D, cPLA2, and RIPK1). DPPH, nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays were conducted to determine the antioxidant actions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Farnesol and Tyrosol competed strongly for binding to RORγt and IRAK4, respectively, and to cPLA2. Both compounds showed significant antioxidant activity, and their combination exhibited enhanced free radical scavenging activity.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Interactions and molecular behavior of the compounds, as well as in vitro results, indicate the relevance of the compounds in regulating key inflammatory and oxidative pathways in psoriasis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tyrosol and Farnesol, especially in combination, are potentially therapeutic agents for the management of psoriasis due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147493677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Synergistic Inhibition and Eradication of Pathogenic Bacterial Biofilms by Bacillus subtilis-derived Anti-biofilm Enzymes.","authors":"Ayisha Aman Ullah, Mawa Naeem, Fiza Khan, Khadeeja Qadeer, Raheela Rahmat Zohra, Mahnaz Ahmad","doi":"10.2174/0113892037427870260206112949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892037427870260206112949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Biofilm formation is a crucial virulent attribute of pathogens that promotes their resistance to antibiotics and contributes to chronic illnesses in humans. Traditional antibiotic therapies have proven ineffective in eliminating sessile microbial populations within biofilms, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, the in vitro efficacy of the anti-biofilm enzymes derived from Bacillus subtilis was evaluated against biofilm-forming human clinical pathogens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An in vitro impact of combined anti-biofilm enzymes obtained from Bacillus subtilis C5W on the inhibition and eradication of biofilms of A. baumannii, E. aerogenes, and E.coli was monitored using a spectrophotometric microtiter plate assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among seven clinical pathogens, three pathogens were found to be strong biofilm producers as they formed biofilm at an incubation time of 48 hours. The anti-biofilm enzymes significantly inhibited the biofilm formation of A. baumannii and E. aerogenes at an incubation time of 48 hours, with inhibition rates of 62.51% and 57.91%, respectively. In contrast, the maximum inhibition of biofilm formation in E. coli was observed at 24 hours, with an inhibition rate of 76.69%. The biofilm eradication rates were recorded to be 30.17% (A. baumannii), 46.29% (E. aerogenes), and 53.02% (E. coli) after a 24-hour incubation time. The SEM images confirmed the disruption of adhered biofilm on the glass surface and aggregation of microcolonies.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The study highlighted that Bacillus subtilis-derived enzyme combinations showed a synergistic inhibitory effect against biofilms formed by human clinical pathogens under in vitro conditions. The combined enzymatic treatment not only disrupted established biofilms but also suppressed their formation, indicating an enhanced anti-biofilm potential.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrated the multi-enzyme approach as a promising and effective alternative to conventional antimicrobial approaches for managing biofilm-associated infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147493743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipidation & Stapled Peptides: Enhancing Stability and Pharmacokinetics.","authors":"R P Rajesh, Masilamani Selvam, Srinivasan Palaniselvam, Saravanan Ramachandran","doi":"10.2174/0113892037428456260128183846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892037428456260128183846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The potential of peptide therapeutics is high because the targeting is highly specific, toxicity is low, and also the ability to affect complex biological determinants. These things are, however, hampered by issues like low stability, faster corrosion, low bioavailability, and low cell permeability, which limit their effectiveness in clinical conditions. This is why lipidation and peptide stapling approaches to balancing, which are highlighted in this review, are collaborators in challenging these questions. Lipidation is a covalent bonding of fatty acids or hydrophobic components, which increases the pharmacokinetics through better binding to albumin and enhancing half-life and through greater membrane interaction. Stapling also fixes α-helical structures with hydrocarbon or alternative linkers to improve resistance to proteolysis, structural stability, and intracellular transport. The sum of these changes results in a dual functionality peptide with an abnormally increased stability, bioavailability, and therapeutic effect. Other major case studies are antiviral agents targeted at SARS-CoV-2, antimicrobial peptides that include SLP-51, and stapled degraders targeting protein-protein interactions that are oncogenic. The balanced design frameworks, strategic placement of changes, linker techniques, and useful computational tools such as StaPep and Length LogD are also discussed in the review. Although issues of immunogenicity, scalability in manufacturing, and non-invasive delivery still remain, advances in peptide engineering and AI-inspired designing are also assisting in the future of dual-modified therapeutics. The combination of lipidation and stapling is a revolutionary technology that can revolutionize the development of peptide drugs in infectious diseases, cancer, and metabolic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147493757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropeptide Y Receptor Modulators in Gut Physiology and Therapy.","authors":"Kalyani R Thombre, Nikita D Rahangdale, Krishna Radheshyam Gupta, Milind Janrao Umekar","doi":"10.2174/0113892037432130260204153437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892037432130260204153437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gut-brain communication depends on neuropeptides and hormones, and the Neuropeptide Y (NPY) family, which includes NPY, Peptide YY (PYY), and Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP), plays an important role. These peptides also affect gastrointestinal (GI) motility, secretion, nutrient uptake, and intestinal development. Diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), gastroparesis, and obesity, are attributed to disruptions in this signaling axis. In this review, the physiological and pathological functions of NPY and its receptor subtypes (Y1, Y2, Y4, Y5) in the GI tract, the therapeutic potential of Pharmacological and natural modulators of this pathway are evaluated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An overview of recent experimental, clinical, and pharmacological evidence was carried out to describe receptor-specific activity, delineate the underlying pathophysiology, and investigate the clinical implications of NPY modulation in gastrointestinal health and disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Literature reveals that NPY signaling controls GI motility, secretion, and appetite via diverse receptor pathways. Low NPY levels are often linked with diarrheal manifestations of IBD, while PYY-mediated ileal brake supports enhanced nutrient absorption. New therapeutic strategies are promising: Y1 receptor agonists can reduce diarrhoea, Y1 antagonists can be useful in constipation, and Y2/Y5 modulators may be useful in some conditions, including obesity and gastroparesis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The existing evidence confirms the role NPY receptors play in the GI homeostasis and disease pathology. The modeling of precision-based pharmacological interventions facilitates an enhanced comprehension of receptor-based interactions. Yet, the difference in the study design and the paucity of long-term clinical data are also significant weaknesses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The NPY system is an essential part of the gut-brain axis. Inhibition of Y-receptor pathways is an attractive approach to promote GI functionality and bridge therapeutic gaps in functional and inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147621734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Production, Properties, and Potential Food Applications of Proteins and Peptides from Marine Sources and their Structure-Function Relationship.","authors":"Esmaeel Mirzakhani, Chi Ching Lee, Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu, Kasim Sakran Abass, Fereshteh Ansari, Hadi Pourjafar","doi":"10.2174/0113892037441673260131191900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892037441673260131191900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The oceans, covering over 70% of the Earth's surface, represent a vast and underexplored source of proteins and bioactive peptides with unique structures and functionalities. This review comprehensively examines the production, properties, and food applications of these marine-derived compounds, with a specific focus on their structure-function relationships. We highlight that peptides derived from fish, algae, and shellfish by-products exhibit a wide range of bioactivities, including potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory effects. These healthpromoting properties are intrinsically linked to their amino acid sequences and structural features, such as molecular weight and specific configurations. While enzymatic hydrolysis is the primary method for their production, challenges in cost-effective large-scale purification persist. The review further details their successful application in functional foods to improve nutritional value, enhance shelf-life, and promote health. Finally, we conclude that to fully harness this potential, future efforts must prioritize sustainable sourcing, advanced extraction technologies, and robust clinical trials to bridge the gap between laboratory research and commercial application.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147621671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}