{"title":"Chitosan Oligosaccharide Modified Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticles for Improving Oral Bioavailability of Naringenin.","authors":"Ruiyue Fang, Yiqi Liao, Huishuang Qiu, Yuxin Liu, Shiyuan Lin, Hui Chen","doi":"10.2174/1567201820666230718143726","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1567201820666230718143726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>With the rapid development of nanotechnology, the research and development of nano-drugs have become one of the development directions of drug innovation. The encapsulation of the nanoparticles can change the biological distribution of the drug <i>in vivo</i> and improve the bioavailability of the drug <i> in vivo</i>. Naringenin is poorly soluble in water and has a low bioavailability, thus limiting its clinical application. The main purpose of this study was to develop a nano-sized preparation that could improve the oral bioavailability of naringenin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chitosan oligosaccharide modified naringenin-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (BSA-COS@Nar NPs) were prepared by emulsification solvent evaporation and electrostatic interaction. The nanoparticles were characterized by HPLC, laser particle size analyzer, transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis. The release <i>in vitro</i> was investigated, and the behavior of nanoparticles in rats was also studied. The caco-2 cell model was established <i>in vitro</i> to investigate the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of nanoparticles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BSA-COS@Nar NPs were successfully prepared, and the first-order release model was confirmed <i>in vitro</i> release. <i>In vivo</i> pharmacokinetic results indicated that the area under the drug concentration- time curve (AUC) of BSA-COS@Nar NPs was 2.37 times more than free naringenin. Cytotoxicity and cellular uptake results showed that BSA-COS@Nar NPs had no significant cytotoxic effect on Caco- 2 cells and promoted cellular uptake of the drug.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BSA-COS@Nar NPs could improve the <i>in vivo</i> bioavailability of naringenin.</p>","PeriodicalId":10842,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"1142-1150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9886818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current Landscape of Therapeutics for the Management of Hypertension - A Review.","authors":"Neda Fatima, Sumel Ashique, Aakash Upadhyay, Shubneesh Kumar, Himanshu Kumar, Nitish Kumar, Prashant Kumar","doi":"10.2174/1567201820666230623121433","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1567201820666230623121433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertension is a critical health problem. It is also the primary reason for coronary heart disease, stroke, and renal vascular disease. The use of herbal drugs in the management of any disease is increasing. They are considered the best immune booster to fight against several types of diseases. To date, the demand for herbal drugs has been increasing because of their excellent properties. This review highlights antihypertensive drugs, polyphenols, and synbiotics for managing hypertension. Evidence is mounting in favour of more aggressive blood pressure control with reduced adverse effects, especially for specific patient populations. This review aimed to present contemporary viewpoints and novel treatment options, including cutting-edge technological applications and emerging interventional and pharmaceutical therapies, as well as key concerns arising from several years of research and epidemiological observations related to the management of hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":10842,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"662-682"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10121748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Khajeei, Salar Masoomzadeh, Tooba Gholikhani, Yousef Javadzadeh
{"title":"The Effect of PEGylation on Drugs' Pharmacokinetic Parameters; from Absorption to Excretion.","authors":"Ali Khajeei, Salar Masoomzadeh, Tooba Gholikhani, Yousef Javadzadeh","doi":"10.2174/1567201820666230621124953","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1567201820666230621124953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Until the drugs enter humans life, they may face problems in transportation, drug delivery, and metabolism. These problems can cause reducing drug's therapeutic effect and even increase its side effects. Together, these cases can reduce the patient's compliance with the treatment and complicate the treatment process. Much work has been done to solve or at least reduce these problems. For example, using different forms of a single drug molecule (like Citalopram and Escitalopram); slight changes in the drug's molecule like Meperidine and α-Prodine, and using carriers (like Tigerase®). PEGylation is a recently presented method that can use for many targets. Poly Ethylene Glycol or PEG is a polymer that can attach to drugs by using different methods and resulting sustained release, controlled metabolism, targeted delivery, and other cases. Although they will not necessarily lead to an increase in the effect of the drug, they will lead to the improvement of the treatment process in certain ways. In this article, the team of authors has tried to collect and carefully review the best cases based on the PEGylation of drugs that can help the readers of this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":10842,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"978-992"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10029814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoying Wang, Yuxin Lu, Xiaochen Cheng, Xuefeng Zhu, Dujuan Li, Haiying Duan, Shenhui Hu, Fengjun Xiao, Li Du, Qinglin Zhang
{"title":"Local Multiple-site Injections of a Plasmid Encoding Human <i>MnSOD</i> Mitigate Radiation-induced Skin Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis.","authors":"Xiaoying Wang, Yuxin Lu, Xiaochen Cheng, Xuefeng Zhu, Dujuan Li, Haiying Duan, Shenhui Hu, Fengjun Xiao, Li Du, Qinglin Zhang","doi":"10.2174/1567201820666230508120720","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1567201820666230508120720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Most patients who undergo radiotherapy develop radiation skin injury, for which effective treatment is urgently needed. MnSOD defends against reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage and may be valuable for treating radiation-induced injury. Here, we (i) investigated the therapeutic and preventive effects of local multiple-site injections of a plasmid, encoding human MnSOD, on radiation-induced skin injury in rats and (ii) explored the mechanism underlying the protective effects of pMnSOD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The recombinant plasmid (pMnSOD) was constructed with human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter and pUC-ori. The protective effects of pMnSOD against 20-Gy X-ray irradiation were evaluated in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) by determining cell viability, ROS levels, and ferroptosisrelated gene expression. In therapeutic treatment, rats received local multiple-site injections of pMnSOD on days 12, 19, and 21 after 40-Gy γ-ray irradiation. In preventive treatment, rats received pMnSOD injections on day -3 pre-irradiation and on day 4 post-irradiation. The skin injuries were evaluated based on the injury score and pathological examination, and ferroptosis-related gene expression was determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In irradiated HaCaT cells, pMnSOD transfection resulted in an increased SOD2 expression, reduced intracellular ROS levels, and increased cell viability. Moreover, <i>GPX4</i> and <i>SLC7A11</i> expression was significantly upregulated, and erastin-induced ferroptosis was inhibited in HaCaT cells. In the therapeutic and prevention treatment experiments, pMnSOD administration produced local SOD protein expression and evidently promoted the healing of radiation-induced skin injury. In the therapeutic treatment experiments, the injury score in the high-dose pMnSOD group was significantly lower than in the PBS group on day 33 post-irradiation (1.50<i> vs</i>. 2.80, <i>P</i> < 0.05). In the prevention treatment experiments, the skin injury scores were much lower in the pMnSOD administration groups than in the PBS group from day 21 to day 34. <i>GPX4, SLC7A11</i>, and <i>Bcl-2</i> were upregulated in irradiated skin tissues after pMnSOD treatment, while <i>ACSL4</i> was downregulated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study provides evidence that the protective effects of MnSOD in irradiated HaCaT cells may be related to the inhibition of ferroptosis. The multi-site injections of pMnSOD had clear therapeutic and preventive effects on radiation-induced skin injury in rats. pMnSOD may have therapeutic value for the treatment of radiation-induced skin injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":10842,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"763-774"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9425128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Engineered Clay-Polymer Composite for Biomedical Drug Delivery and Future Challenges: A Survey.","authors":"Rakesh Swain, Souvik Nandi, Sujata Mohapatra, Subrata Mallick","doi":"10.2174/1567201820666230410110206","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1567201820666230410110206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clay materials are widely used in drug delivery systems due to their unique characteristics. Montmorillonite is a major component of bentonite and it has a large surface area, better swelling capacity, and high adsorption capacity. The modification of natural bentonite could improve its sorption ability for new emerging applications. Recent advancements in the polymer-silicate composite have novel biomedical applications in drug delivery, tissue regeneration, wound healing, cancer therapy, enzyme immobilization, diagnostic and therapeutic devices, etc. Perspective view of the montmorillonite- polymer composite as a pharmaceutical carrier in drug delivery systems has been discussed in this review. Different types of modification of montmorillonite for the development of pharmaceutical formulations have also been documented. Many challenges in clay nanocomposite systems of polymer of natural/synthetic origin are yet to be explored in improving antimicrobial properties, mechanical strength, stimuli responsiveness, resistance to hydrolysis, etc. Drug interaction and binding capability, swelling of clay may be carried out for finding possible applications in monitoring delivery systems. Pharmaceutical properties of active drugs in the formulation could also be improved along with dissolution rate, solubility, and adsorption. The clay-incorporated polymeric drug delivery systems may be examined for a possible increase in swelling capacity and residence time after mucosal administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":10842,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"645-661"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9642674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparation, Characterization and Drug Delivery Research of γ-Polyglutamic Acid Nanoparticles: A Review.","authors":"Zhihan Liu, Yan He, Xia Ma","doi":"10.2174/1567201820666230102140450","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1567201820666230102140450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>γ-Polyglutamic acid is a kind of biomaterial and environmentally friendly polymer material with the characteristics of water solubility and good biocompatibility. It has a wide range of applications in medicine, food, cosmetics and other fields. This article reviews the preparation, characterization and medical applications of γ-polyglutamic acid nanoparticles. Nanoparticles prepared by using γ- polyglutamic acid not only had the traditional advantages of enhancing drug stability and slow-release effect, but also were simple to prepare without any biological toxicity. The current methods of nanoparticle preparation mainly include the ion gel method and solvent exchange method, which use the total electrostatic force, van der Waals force, hydrophobic interaction force and hydrogen bond force between molecules to embed materials with different characteristics. At present, there are more and more studies on the use of γ-polyglutamic acid to encapsulate drugs, and the research on the mechanism of its encapsulation and sustained release has gradually matured. The development and application of polyglutamic acid nanoparticles have broad prospects.</p>","PeriodicalId":10842,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"795-806"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10468926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Oral Insulin Delivery: A Review on Recent Advancements and Novel Strategies.","authors":"Ashkan Barfar, Helia Alizadeh, Salar Masoomzadeh, Yousef Javadzadeh","doi":"10.2174/1567201820666230518161330","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1567201820666230518161330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to the lifestyle of people in the community in recent years, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus has increased, so New drugs and related treatments are also being developed.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>One of the essential treatments for diabetes today is injectable insulin forms, which have their problems and limitations, such as invasive and less admission of patients and high cost of production. According to the mentioned issues, Theoretically, Oral insulin forms can solve many problems of injectable forms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Many efforts have been made to design and introduce Oral delivery systems of insulin, such as lipid-based, synthetic polymer-based, and polysaccharide-based nano/microparticle formulations. The present study reviewed these novel formulations and strategies in the past five years and checked their properties and results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to peer-reviewed research, insulin-transporting particles may preserve insulin in the acidic and enzymatic medium and decrease peptide degradation; in fact, they could deliver appropriate insulin levels to the intestinal environment and then to blood. Some of the studied systems increase the permeability of insulin to the absorption membrane in cellular models. In most investigations, in vivo results revealed a lower ability of formulations to reduce BGL than subcutaneous form, despite promising results in in vitro and stability testing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although taking insulin orally currently seems unfeasible, future systems may be able to overcome mentioned obstacles, making oral insulin delivery feasible and producing acceptable bioavailability and treatment effects in comparison to injection forms.</p>","PeriodicalId":10842,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"887-900"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9492281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junfei Cheng, Yuemei Sun, Yilan Zhao, Qianwen Guo, ZiHan Wang, Rong Wang
{"title":"Research Progress on the Mechanism of Intestinal Barrier Damage and Drug Therapy in a High Altitude Environment.","authors":"Junfei Cheng, Yuemei Sun, Yilan Zhao, Qianwen Guo, ZiHan Wang, Rong Wang","doi":"10.2174/1567201820666230309090241","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1567201820666230309090241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The plateau is a typical extreme environment with low temperature, low oxygen and high ultraviolet rays. The integrity of the intestinal barrier is the basis for the functioning of the intestine, which plays an important role in absorbing nutrients, maintaining the balance of intestinal flora, and blocking the invasion of toxins. Currently, there is increasing evidence that high altitude environment can enhance intestinal permeability and disrupt intestinal barrier integrity. This article mainly focuses on the regulation of the expression of HIF and tight junction proteins in the high altitude environment, which promotes the release of pro-inflammatory factors, especially the imbalance of intestinal flora caused by the high altitude environment. The mechanism of intestinal barrier damage and the drugs to protect the intestinal barrier are reviewed. Studying the mechanism of intestinal barrier damage in high altitude environment is not only conducive to understanding the mechanism of high altitude environment affecting intestinal barrier function, but also provides a more scientific medicine treatment method for intestinal damage caused by the special high altitude environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10842,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"807-816"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10870941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arun Agarwal, Muhammad Wahajuddin, Swati Chaturvedi, Sandeep K Singh, Mamunur Rashid, Richa Garg, DIvya Chauhan, Nazneen Sultana, Jiaur R Gayen
{"title":"Formulation and Characterization of Phytosomes as Drug Delivery System of Formononetin: An Effective Anti-Osteoporotic Agent.","authors":"Arun Agarwal, Muhammad Wahajuddin, Swati Chaturvedi, Sandeep K Singh, Mamunur Rashid, Richa Garg, DIvya Chauhan, Nazneen Sultana, Jiaur R Gayen","doi":"10.2174/1567201820666230124114906","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1567201820666230124114906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Formononetin (FNT), a methoxy isoflavone, is a potential phytoconstituent utilized for refurbishing fractures in bone tissue. Conceding to its involvement in first-pass metabolism followed by glucuronidation, its absorption efficacy is limited. Hence, it belongs to the BCS class II classification.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We designed the present work to enhance FNT oral bioavailability by using Phospholipids (PL) as a promising carrier. Formononetin Phospholipid Complex (FNT-PC) was prepared by the solvent evaporation method and characterized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>FNT-PC was prepared by solvent evaporation method and characterization (FNT-PC) was performed using aqueous/n-octanol solubility and partition coefficient, FTIR, NMR, SEM, and in vivo</i> pharmacokinetic study in female SD rats at 50 mg/kg.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Physicochemical properties like aqueous/n-octanol solubility and partition coefficient were enhanced in FNT-PC. The FTIR spectrum confirmed there was no involvement of functional groups in the preparation of FNT-PC. Whereas, the NMR study resulted in the attachment of carbon (C-8) position of FNT by replacing the quaternary amine of PL to form FNT-PC. When scrutinized for its surface morphology, the FNT-PC exhibited the amorphous geometry that remarkably enhanced the dissolution of FNT (p</i><0.05) from its pure form. This dissolution effect was also affirmed by the per-oral administration of FNT-PC in female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats at 50 mg/kg dose. The pharmacokinetic profile showed the free FNT levels were markedly increased, correspondingly decreasing the conjugated FNT levels in rat plasma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To summarize, FNT-PC could substantially reduce the first-pass metabolism with enhanced free concentration, improving oral bioavailability for therapeutic use.</p>","PeriodicalId":10842,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"261-270"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10643935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cyclophosphamide Loading and Controlled Release in MIL-100(Fe) as an Anti-breast Cancer Carrier: <i>In vivo In vitro</i> Study.","authors":"Shabnam Tohidi, Mehrdad Aghaie-Khafri","doi":"10.2174/1567201820666230410120437","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1567201820666230410120437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biocompatible MIL-100 (Fe), a metal organic framework material, has recently attracted increasing attention in biomedical engineering. The high surface area, pore volume, and accessible Lewis acid sites make MIL-100 (Fe) a proper candidate for hydrophobic anticancer drug loading and storage. In this study, a novel investigation of cyclophosphamide (CP) -loaded MIL-100(Fe) (MIL- 100(Fe)/CP) and a simulation of drug loading at a molecular level is presented.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research used a facile synthesis method to prepare MIL-100(Fe), which addresses the high temperature and pressure challenges of synthesis methods. MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-100(Fe)/CP were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The carriers' drug loading and release behavior are determined by using UV-visible spectrophotometry. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay is applied to examine the biocompatibility and the anticancer effect of MIL-100(Fe)/CP on the human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In vivo</i> antitumor experiments and histological observation reveal inhibition properties of MIL-100(Fe)/CP on the tumor cells. MIL-100(Fe)/CP, with 37.41% drug payload, represents impressive antitumor activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10842,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"283-294"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9295471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}