Current Issues in Molecular Biology最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of Ozone on Periodontal Cell Line Viability and Function.","authors":"Nada Tawfig Hashim, Rasha Babiker, Shahistha Parveen Dasnadi, Md Sofiqul Islam, Nallan Csk Chaitanya, Riham Mohammed, Nancy Soliman Farghal, Bakri Gobara, Muhammed Mustahsen Rahman","doi":"10.3390/cimb47020072","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47020072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periodontal diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis, are chronic inflammatory conditions of the teeth' supporting structures that can lead to progressive tissue destruction and loss if left untreated. Basic treatments like scaling and root planing, alone or combined with antimicrobial agents, are the standard of care. However, with the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance and the need for new ideas in therapy, adjunctive treatments like ozone therapy have gained attention. Ozone (O₃), a triatomic oxygen molecule, is used because of its strong antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative activity and, hence, as a potential tool in periodontal therapy. This review of the use of ozone therapy in periodontal disease breaks down the multifaceted mechanism of ozone therapy, which includes the selective antimicrobial action against biofilm-associated pathogens, immunomodulatory effects on host cells, and stimulation of tissue repair. O₃ therapy disrupts microbial biofilms, enhances immune cell function, and promotes healing by activating Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways that regulate oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Additional findings include its ability to upregulate growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins, which is significant for periodontal tissue regeneration. This review also discusses the application of O₃ therapy in periodontal cell lines, emphasizing its impact on cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation. Advances in periodontal regenerative techniques, combined with the antimicrobial and healing properties of O₃, have demonstrated significant clinical benefits. Challenges, including the need for standardized dosages, effective delivery systems, and long-term studies, are also addressed to ensure safe and effective clinical integration. O₃ therapy, with its dual antimicrobial and regenerative capabilities, offers an innovative adjunctive approach to periodontal treatment. Future research focusing on optimized protocols and evidence-based guidelines is essential to fully realize its potential in enhancing periodontal health and improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Chloroplast Genomes and Phylogenetic Relationships of True Mangrove Species <i>Brownlowia tersa</i> and <i>Brownlowia argentata</i> (Malvaceae).","authors":"Panthita Ruang-Areerate, Duangjai Sangsrakru, Thippawan Yoocha, Wasitthee Kongkachana, Sonicha U-Thoomporn, Onnitcha Prathip Na Thalang, Pranom Chumriang, Poonsri Wanthongchai, Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang, Wirulda Pootakham","doi":"10.3390/cimb47020074","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47020074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Brownlowia tersa</i> and <i>Brownlowia argentata</i> are two true mangroves in the genus <i>Brownlowia</i> in Malvaceae, and they are a near-threatened and a data-deficient species, respectively. However, the genomic resources of <i>Brownlowia</i> have not been reported for studying their phylogeny and evolution. Here, we report the chloroplast genomes of <i>B. tersa</i> and <i>B. argentata</i> based on stLFR data that were 159,478 and 159,510 base pairs in length, respectively. Both chloroplast genomes contain 110 unique genes and one <i>infA</i> pseudogene. Sixty-eight RNA-editing sites were detected in 26 genes in <i>B. argentata</i>. A comparative analysis with related species showed similar genome sizes, genome structures, and gene contents as well as high sequence divergence in non-coding regions. Abundant SSRs and dispersed repeats were identified. Five hotspots, <i>psbI</i>-<i>trnS</i>, <i>trnR</i>-<i>atpA</i>, <i>petD</i>-<i>rpoA</i>, <i>rpl16</i>-<i>rps3</i>, and <i>trnN</i>-<i>ndhF</i>, were detected among four species in Brownlowioideae. One hotspot, <i>rps14</i>-<i>psaB</i>, was observed in the two <i>Brownlowia</i> species. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis supported that the <i>Brownlowia</i> species has a close relationship with <i>Pentace triptera</i>. Moreover, <i>rpoC2</i> was a candidate gene for adaptive evolution in the <i>Brownlowia</i> species compared to <i>P. triptera</i>. Thus, these chloroplast genomes present valuable genomic resources for further evolutionary and phylogenetic studies of mangroves and plant species in Malvaceae.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Donor Variability Alters the Characteristics of Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells.","authors":"Jingyuan Ya, Ulvi Bayraktutan","doi":"10.3390/cimb47020073","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47020073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) are widely used in a large number of in vitro studies each year to better mimic their physiological characteristics in vivo. However, potential changes in primary endothelial cells stemming from donor variability or culture conditions may affect the reliability and reproducibility of the experiments. While working on a project regarding BMEC senescence, we noticed behavioral differences between two different batches of cells. Comparative analyses of cellular characteristics revealed that while one batch of BMECs developed a typical cobblestone morphology, the other batch displayed a spindle-shape morphology. Despite showing similar tubulogenic and barrier-forming capacities, the spindle-shaped BMECs displayed greater proliferation rates, stronger staining for CD34, a marker of stemness and higher resistance to oxidative stress-induced senescence and replicative senescence. Conversely, the spindle-shaped cells demonstrated a much weaker staining for the endothelial marker CD31. Taken together, these findings indicate that it is important to scrutinize endothelial characteristics to ensure experimental accuracy when cellular responses markedly vary between the so-called endothelial cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11853807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prostaglandins: Biological Action, Therapeutic Aspects, and Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders.","authors":"Kunio Yui, George Imataka, Mariko Ichihashi","doi":"10.3390/cimb47020071","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47020071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Esterified ARA on the inner surface of the cell membrane is hydrolyzed to its free form by phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which is further metabolized by COXs and lipoxygenases (LOXs) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. PGs produce detrimental effects due to their proinflammatory properties. The generation of prostaglandin (PG)G₂ and PGH₂ is triggered by cyclooxygenase (COX) isozymes such as COX-1 and COX-2. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is significantly elevated in ASD. Considerable data indicate that COX enzymes and their metabolites of ARA play important roles in the initiation and development of human neurodevelopmental diseases. The involvement of disrupted COX2/PGE2 signaling in ASD pathology in changing neuronal cell behavior and the expression of ASD-related genes and proteins is due to disrupted COX2/PGE2 signaling. Prostacyclin (PGI2) is synthesized from arachidonic acid by metabolic-pathway-dependent cyclooxygenase (COX) and synthesized in a primary step of ARA transformation (PGG2, PGH2), by degradation of the abovementioned prostaglandins.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Therapeutic Potential of MicroRNA-21 in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury.","authors":"Ahmed Hasan, Alessio Ardizzone, Domenico Giosa, Sarah Adriana Scuderi, Elsa Calcaterra, Emanuela Esposito, Anna Paola Capra","doi":"10.3390/cimb47020070","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47020070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spinal cord injury (SCI) involves complex pathological processes that often result in significant and long-term neurological deficits. Increasingly, research has identified microRNA-21 (miR-21) as a pivotal regulator in SCI, with studies focusing on its roles in inflammation, apoptosis, and tissue repair. This review synthesizes current findings on miR-21's involvement in post-injury molecular events, emphasizing its interactions with regulatory targets such as Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN) and Programmed Cell Death Protein 4 (PDCD4), as well as its broader effects on inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathways. Evidence from both in vitro and in vivo studies suggests that modulating miR-21 influences lesion size, cellular dynamics, and functional recovery, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for SCI. Nonetheless, the clinical translation of miR-21-based therapies poses significant challenges, including the need to optimize dosages, delivery mechanisms, and long-term safety profiles. Further research is crucial to fully delineate miR-21's therapeutic potential and determine its feasibility for integration into SCI treatment protocols. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of miR-21's roles in SCI pathology, offering insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying recovery and the emerging potential of miR-21 in SCI management to enhance outcomes and quality of life for affected patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photodynamic Therapy in Cancer: Insights into Cellular and Molecular Pathways.","authors":"Vincenzo Papa, Fabiana Furci, Paola Lucia Minciullo, Marco Casciaro, Alessandro Allegra, Sebastiano Gangemi","doi":"10.3390/cimb47020069","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47020069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photodynamic therapy is a non-ionizing radiation treatment that utilizes a photosensitizer in combination with light to produce singlet oxygen. This singlet oxygen induces anti-cancer effects by causing apoptotic, necrotic, or autophagic cell death in tumor cells. Currently, photodynamic therapy is employed in oncology to treat various cancers. In the presence of oxygen, this non-invasive approach leads to direct tumor cell death, damage to microvasculature, and the induction of a local inflammatory response. These effects allow photodynamic therapy to be effective in treating early-stage tumors, extending survival in cases where surgery is not feasible, and significantly improving quality of life. In this paper, we provide a state of the art on cytomolecular mechanisms and associated pathways involved in photodynamic therapy. By integrating these mechanistic insights with the most recent advancements in nanotechnology, this phototherapeutic approach has the potential to become a prevalent treatment option within conventional cancer therapies, enhancing its application in precision medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Mutually Exclusive <i>EGFR</i> and <i>KRAS</i> Mutations.","authors":"Abhimanyu Tushir, Israh Akhtar, Anjali Seth","doi":"10.3390/cimb47010066","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47010066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Historically, <i>EGFR</i> and <i>KRAS</i> mutations were believed to be mutually exclusive. However, over the past few years, there have been emerging case reports showing the co-existence of both mutations in a single case. The majority of these co-occurring alterations were detected in samples collected from patients with resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment, indicating a potential functional role in driving resistance to therapy. These co-occurring tumor genomic alterations are not necessarily mutually exclusive, and evidence suggests that multiple clonal and sub-clonal cancer cell populations can co-exist and contribute to <i>EGFR</i> TKI resistance. We have reported such a case of concomitant <i>EGFR</i> and <i>KRAS</i> mutation in a 64-year-old female. This case highlights the importance of continuous molecular testing in managing NSCLC, especially in cases with rare mutation profiles. The emergence of new mutations during treatment can significantly impact the course of therapy and patient outcomes. In this case, the detection of both <i>EGFR</i> and <i>KRAS</i> mutations guided the selection of an appropriate targeted therapeutic strategy, including the use of Amivantamab.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11763680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of Anti-Hair Loss Plant Raw Materials Based on Reverse Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation.","authors":"Jiajia Xu, Congfen He, Rui Tian","doi":"10.3390/cimb47010068","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47010068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hair loss is one of the skin conditions that can affect people's mental health. Plant raw material extracts are of great interest due to their safety. In this study, we utilize reverse network pharmacology to screen for key targets of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the TGFβ/BMP signaling pathway, as well as key differential lipids, for plant raw materials selection. The aim is to identify plant raw materials that may have anti-hair loss properties and to validate these findings through cell experiments. Licorice, salvia miltiorrhiza, mulberry leaf, ephedra and curcumae radix were found that may possess anti-hair loss effects. Licorice water extract (LWE), salvia miltiorrhiza water extract (SMWE), mulberry leaf water extract (MLWE), ephedra water extract (EWE) and curcumae radix water extract (CRWE) did not exhibit cytotoxicity on human dermal papilla cells (HDPCs). Through ALP staining, it was found that the expression of ALP in HDPCs treated with LWE, SMWE, MLWE, EWE and CRWE was enhanced. In addition, LWE, SMWE, MLWE, EWE and CRWE have reduced the expression of hair growth inhibitory factor TGF-β1 and inflammatory factor IL-6. Additionally, various water extracts can enhance the secretion of VEGF, with high concentrations of SMWE, EWE and CRWE exhibiting better efficacy. Furthermore, β-catenin, a key factor of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, was enhanced by LWE, SMWE, MLWE, EWE and CRWE treatment in cultured HDPCs. In conclusion, all five plant raw materials showed some anti-hair loss potential, providing theoretical support for their application in anti-hair loss products.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11764182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting SLC4A4: A Novel Approach in Colorectal Cancer Drug Repurposing.","authors":"Krunal Pawar, Pramodkumar P Gupta, Pooran Singh Solanki, Ravi Ranjan Kumar Niraj, Shanker L Kothari","doi":"10.3390/cimb47010067","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47010067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex and increasingly prevalent malignancy with significant challenges in its treatment and prognosis. This study aims to explore the role of the SLC4A4 transporter as a biomarker in CRC progression and its potential as a therapeutic target, particularly in relation to tumor acidity and immune response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study utilized computational approaches, including receptor-based virtual screening and high-throughput docking, to identify potential SLC4A4 inhibitors. A model of the human SLC4A4 structure was generated based on CryoEM data (PDB ID 6CAA), and drug candidates from the DrugBank database were evaluated using two computational tools (DrugRep and CB-DOCK2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study identified the compound (5R)-N-[(1r)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butanoyl]-2-decanamide (DB07991) as the best ligand, demonstrating favorable binding affinity and stability. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed strong protein-ligand interactions with consistent RMSD (~0.25 nm), RMSF (~0.5 nm), compact Rg (4.0-3.9 nm), and stable SASA profiles, indicating that the SLC4A4 structure remains stable upon ligand binding.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that DB07991 is a promising drug candidate for further investigation as a therapeutic agent against CRC, particularly for targeting SLC4A4. This study highlights the potential of computational drug repositioning in identifying effective treatments for colorectal cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11764095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists on Pathophysiology of Pediatric Immune Thrombocytopenia.","authors":"Paschalis Evangelidis, Konstantinos Tragiannidis, Eleni Gavriilaki, Athanasios Tragiannidis","doi":"10.3390/cimb47010065","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47010065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in pediatric patients is a common cause of isolated thrombocytopenia. Various pathophysiological mechanisms are implicated in ITP pathogenesis, including the production of autoantibodies against components of platelets (PLTs) by B-cells, the activation of the complement system, phagocytosis by macrophages mediated by Fcγ receptors, the dysregulation of T cells, and reduced bone marrow megakaryopoiesis. ITP is commonly manifested with skin and mucosal bleeding, and it is a diagnosis of exclusion. In some ITP cases, the disease is self-limiting, and treatment is not required, but chronic-persistent disease can also be developed. In these cases, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, such as rituximab and thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonists, can be used. TPO agonists have become standard of care today. It has been reported in the published literature that the efficacy of TPO-RAs can be up to 80% in the achievement of several end goals, such as PLT counts. In the current literature review, the data regarding the impact of TPO agonists in the pathogenesis of ITP and treatment outcomes of the patients are examined. In the era of precision medicine, targeted and individualized therapies are crucial to achieving better outcomes for pediatric patients with ITP, especially when chronic refractory disease is developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11763769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}