Current Issues in Molecular Biology最新文献

{"title":"The <i>SMIM25-COX-2</i> Axis Modulates the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment and Predicts Immunotherapy Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.","authors":"Zhenxing Wang, Xia Li, Shiyi Zhang, Jiamin Sun, Qinchen Lu, Yuting Tao, Shuang Liang, Xiuwan Lan, Jianhong Zhong, Qiuyan Wang","doi":"10.3390/cimb47090693","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47090693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy that is notorious for its dismal prognosis. Dysregulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in HCC has emerged as a key hallmark in determining disease progression and the response to immunotherapy. The aim of this study was to identify novel TME regulators that contribute to therapeutic resistance, thus providing mechanistic insights for targeted interventions. The expression of <i>SMIM25</i> was evaluated in the the Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma(TCGA-LIHC) and Guangxi HCC cohorts, and its clinicopathological significance was assessed. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were performed to elucidate the potential impact of elevated <i>SMIM25</i> levels. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and single-cell mass cytometry (CyTOF) were employed to examine the cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment. The biological effects of <i>SMIM25</i> on cell proliferation and migration were studied in vitro using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium Bromide(MTT) and wound healing assays, while its impact on tumor growth was evaluated in vivo in a nude mouse model. Transcriptomic and single-cell proteomic analyses were integrated to explore the mechanism by which <i>SMIM25</i> affects the progression of HCC. The expression of <i>SMIM25</i> was significantly up-regulated in both HCC tissues and cell lines (<i>p</i> < 0.05). RNA sequencing analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between <i>SMIM25</i> expression and immunosuppression, and between <i>SMIM25</i> expression and extracellular matrix(ECM)-related molecular features. Single-cell mass cytometry revealed two immunosuppressive cell clusters that were enriched in HCC patients with high <i>SMIM25</i> expression. Moreover, <i>SMIM25</i> was associated with immune exclusion and ECM remodeling signals in the TME of HCC. <i>SMIM25</i> overexpression was associated with the expression of the tumor inflammatory marker <i>cyclooxygenase-2</i>(<i>COX-2</i>), and a <i>COX-2</i> inhibitor could partially reverse the biological phenotype associated with <i>SMIM25</i> expression in HCC cells (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Further transcriptome analysis in immunotherapy cohorts suggested the <i>SMIM25-COX-2</i> axis might have predictive value for the response to immunotherapy. Our results suggest that <i>SMIM25</i> may serve as a biomarker for the prognosis of HCC patients and may also be a predictive biomarker for the response to immunotherapy, enabling more precise and personalized HCC treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring CCND1 as a Key Target of <i>Acorus calamus</i> Against RSV Infection: Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Bioinformatics Analysis.","authors":"Haojing Chang, Li Shao, Ke Tao, Xiangjun Chen, Hehe Liao, Wang Liao, Bei Xue, Shaokang Wang","doi":"10.3390/cimb47090695","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47090695","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Acorus calamus</i>, a traditional Tibetan medicine with potential antiviral activity but undefined mechanisms, was studied for its anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) mechanisms using network pharmacology and molecular docking, given RSV's substantial disease burden and lack of specific therapies. The primary active compounds were identified and analyzed through a literature search, the PubChem database, and the SwissADME. Relevant targets were sifted through the SwissTargetPrediction platform, OMIM, and GeneCards databases. Common targets underwent enrichment analysis using Disease Ontology (DO), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Molecular docking and GEO datasets were used for further analysis. Among the screened data, 268 targets were associated with <i>Acorus calamus</i> compounds and 1633 with RSV. KEGG analysis of the shared targets revealed potential therapeutic roles via the PI3K-Akt and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. Molecular docking results demonstrated that CCND1, EGFR, and SRC exhibited relatively lower binding energies with compounds in comparison to other proteins, suggesting better interactions, and GEO-derived RSV datasets further validated CCND1's significance. This study demonstrates <i>Acorus calamus</i>'s anti-RSV activity and its potential mechanism, providing a theoretical foundation for the effective active ingredients of <i>Acorus calamus</i> targeting CCND1 as a strategy to combat RSV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Perspectives on the Use of Resveratrol in the Treatment of Metabolic and Estrogen-Dependent Conditions Through Hormonal Modulation and Anti-Inflammatory Effects.","authors":"Guilherme Renke, Ana Carolina Fuschini, Beatriz Clivati, Laura Mocellin Teixeira, Maria Luisa Cuyabano, C Tamer Erel, Eliane Lopes Rosado","doi":"10.3390/cimb47090692","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47090692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Estrogen-dependent conditions, such as endometriosis, adenomyosis, lipedema, polycystic ovary syndrome, and breast cancer, are intimately involved with hormonal changes related to estrogen and their receptors. These conditions can be expressed mainly during hormonal changes such as pregnancy, puberty, and menopause. They are associated with alterations in estrogen function and inflammatory mechanisms, leading to significant discomfort and a marked decrease in self-esteem in women. Resveratrol has been studied in the treatment of inflammatory diseases like obesity, metabolic syndrome, and endometriosis. The research suggests potential pathways through which resveratrol may also be beneficial in treating metabolic and estrogen-dependent conditions. We reviewed 63 articles from 2000 to 2025, prioritizing systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SciELO databases. Our results suggest that resveratrol may benefit metabolic and estrogen-dependent conditions by modulating anti-inflammatory factors that regulate estrogen receptor activity, increasing lipolysis, decreasing insulin resistance, and mitigating oxidative stress. Future research should evaluate the long-term safety and potential therapeutic effects of resveratrol in metabolic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Composition of Clove and Fennel Seed Essential Oils and a Comparison of Their <i>In Silico</i> and <i>In Vitro</i> Antibacterial Activity with That of Their Main Compounds.","authors":"Achraf Abdou, Fatima Ezzahra Maaghloud, Fatima Zahra Kamal, Said Rammali, Alin Ciobica, Vasile Burlui, Cristina Albert, Abdelhakim Elmakssoudi, Bogdan Novac, Mohamed Dakir","doi":"10.3390/cimb47090694","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47090694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to assess the chemical composition and antibacterial potential of essential oils (EOs) from two plants: clove buds (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i>) and fennel seeds (<i>Foeniculum vulgare</i>) EOs. The major compounds, eugenol and estragole, were isolated from these oils and tested against <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. The EOs were obtained via hydrodistillation and analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Clove oil was found to be rich in eugenol (68.51%), while fennel seed oil was dominated by estragole (93.30%). Antibacterial activity, assessed by the agar disc diffusion method and supported by MIC/MBC testing, revealed that eugenol exhibited the highest efficacy, with MIC values ranging from 0.58 to 1.15 mg/mL and MBC values from 1.15 to 2.30 mg/mL, particularly against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. <i>In silico</i> analysis was conducted to evaluate pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and molecular docking interactions. ADME predictions indicated good oral bioavailability and high membrane permeability for both compounds, with eugenol displaying superior solubility and better compliance with Lipinski's Rule of Five. Molecular docking simulations confirmed the antibacterial potential, with eugenol showing stronger binding affinities to bacterial targets (-7.8 kcal/mol), forming more stable and diverse interactions compared to estragole. However, toxicity predictions indicated potential mutagenic, carcinogenic, and cardiotoxic (hERG inhibition) risks for both compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation Between In Silico Docking/Simulation Results and In Vitro MAGL Inhibition Potency of Selected Triterpenes.","authors":"Willias Masocha, Mohammed A Khedr","doi":"10.3390/cimb47090691","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47090691","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) degrades the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonyl glycerol. MAGL inhibitors, such as the triterpene pristimerin, alleviate neuropathic pain in animal models. In silico studies were carried out using SwissDock, PyRx-0.8 and CB-Dock2, to check if they correlated with the in vitro MAGL inhibition potency of various triterpenes. In terms of affinity, free energy of binding and docking scores to MAGL, pristimerin (52.75, -9.32, -10.83, and -11.5 kcal/mol) was better than euphol (44.86, -8.49, -9.56, and -10.7 kcal/mol), which in turn was better than β-amyrin (35.17, -7.37, -8.21, and -8.8 kcal/mol). Finally, β-amyrin was better than or equal to α-amyrin (35.10, -7.19, -7.95, and -8.6 kcal/mol). In molecular dynamic simulations (MDSs), pristimerin exhibited the highest stability and reached the steady state after 20 ns with the lowest root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) at the binding site, compared to the triterpenes. The reported half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of recombinant human and rat MAGL inhibition were in the following order: α-amyrin > β-amyrin > euphol > pristimerin. Linear regression analysis showed that the affinity, free energy of binding, and docking scores significantly correlated with the IC₅₀ of MAGL inhibition. Amongst the triterpenes studied, pristimerin was the most potent inhibitor of MAGL and also had the highest affinity in the in silico studies. Thus, molecular docking and MDS results correlated with the potency of triterpenes inhibiting MAGL activity in vitro and could be used for screening of triterpenes prior to experimental validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TGF-β-Enriched Exosomes from Acute Myeloid Leukemia Activate Smad2/3-MMP2 and ERK1/2 Signaling to Promote Leukemic Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Immune Modulation.","authors":"Jie Jia","doi":"10.3390/cimb47090690","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47090690","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by all cell types, transporting nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites. They are known to influence tumor biology by modulating cellular proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the precise functions of exosomes remain incompletely characterized. Here, we present an integrated multi-omics study combining single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of bone marrow aspirates from AML patients and healthy donors with transcriptomic profiling of purified exosomes. This approach uniquely allowed us to link cellular transcriptional states with exosome content and function. We discovered a significant upregulation of exosome-related transcriptional activity in AML cells. Purified AML exosomes showed enhanced translational, transcriptional, and metabolic activity compared to those from healthy donors. Notably, these exosomes were highly enriched in transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a key regulator of tumor progression. Functional assays confirmed that AML-derived exosomes promote leukemic cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, these effects are mediated via activation of the Smad2/3-MMP2 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Furthermore, cell-cell interaction analysis revealed that AML exosomes reshape the bone marrow immune microenvironment by upregulating multiple immunoregulatory genes and pathways, revealing a novel immunomodulatory role. This study provides the first integrative demonstration that TGF-β-enriched exosomes actively drive AML progression through combined enhancement of leukemic aggressiveness and immune microenvironment remodeling. Our findings highlight exosomes and their signaling cascades as promising therapeutic targets, offering new avenues for innovative AML treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct Transcriptomic Profile Underlying High CO₂ and Ethylene-Induced Deastringency in 'Daebong' Persimmon Fruit.","authors":"Min Woo Baek, Se Min Chang, DoSu Park, Shimeles Tilahun, Cheon Soon Jeong","doi":"10.3390/cimb47090689","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47090689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Astringent persimmons (<i>Diospyros kaki</i> Thunb.) require effective postharvest deastringency treatments due to their high soluble tannin content at harvest. While high CO₂ and ethylene are commonly used to remove astringency, their different effects on fruit firmness and quality require cultivar-specific approaches. This study investigated the transcriptomic and biochemical responses of 'Daebong' persimmon to high CO₂ and ethylene treatments during deastringency. Both treatments significantly decreased soluble tannin and total phenolic content, enhancing fruit edibility. However, the firmness was maintained under high levels of CO₂, but it decreased quickly after exposure to ethylene. RNA-Seq analysis identified 2271 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and revealed distinct transcriptional signatures for each treatment. CO₂ treatment activated hypoxia-responsive genes, stress-related transcription factors (e.g., <i>WRKY</i>, <i>ERF14/26</i>), and components of antioxidant defense (e.g., <i>GSTU17</i>, <i>peroxidases</i>), which contributed to oxidative stress reduction and preservation of firmness. On the other hand, ethylene treatment increased ethylene biosynthesis (<i>ACS</i>), signaling (<i>EIN3-binding F-box</i>), and ripening-related genes (<i>polygalacturonase</i>, <i>laccase</i>, <i>ERF061/113</i>), which promote cell wall degradation and softening. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that various regulatory mechanisms are responsible for the insolubilization of tannins, loss of antioxidants, and changes in firmness. These findings provide new insights into the molecular responses of pollination-constant astringent (PCA) persimmons, particularly the 'Daebong' cultivar, to postharvest deastringency treatments for the development of more effective postharvest management strategies. The results suggest that high CO₂ helps maintain fruit quality by promoting stress adaptation and suppressing pathways that lead to softening, whereas ethylene accelerates the ripening process by activating signaling pathways associated with ethylene.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Complete Chloroplast Genome of <i>Pyrola decorata</i> Andres: Structure, Variability, Phylogenetic Relationship.","authors":"Rong Kang, Shuai Kang, Kunzi Yu, Yuan Jiang, Zeliang Qin, Yuying Hu, Xianlong Cheng, Feng Wei","doi":"10.3390/cimb47090688","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47090688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pyrola decorata</i> Andres (<i>P. decorata</i>) is a traditional medicinal plant in China. However, its chloroplast genome and the deep evolutionary relationships among its genus remain unexplored. This study identified the samples as <i>P. decorata</i> using morphological observations from <i>Flora of China</i> (FOC) and ITS sequences. It is the first to analyze the complete chloroplast genome of <i>P. decorata</i> using Illumina and Nanopore sequencing technologies, confirming a typical chloroplast dumbbell structure. The chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) of <i>P. decorata</i> is 179,999 bp in length, consisting of a large single copy (LSC) (62.3% of total length (112,150 bp)), a small single copy (SSC) (6.5% of total length (11,701 bp)), and two inverted repeat regions (IRA and IRB) (31.2% combined (28,074 bp × 2)). Functional annotation revealed 128 genes: 77 conserved coding sequences (CDS) genes, 43 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Phylogenetic analysis placed <i>P. decorata</i>, <i>Pyrola atropurpurea</i> (<i>P. atropurpurea</i>), <i>Pyrola rotundifolia</i> (<i>P. rotundifolia</i>), and <i>Chimaphila japonica</i> within Group I, with <i>P. decorata</i> exhibiting the closest chloroplast genomic affinity to <i>P. atropurpurea</i>. These findings integrate morphological and molecular evidence to facilitate further identification, classification, and evolutionary analysis of this genus.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Molecular Mechanism of Craniofacial Cartilage Deformity Induced by High Glucose in Zebrafish.","authors":"Xiaomei Chen, Yong Huang, Xin Yang, Huiqiang Lu, Jian Yang","doi":"10.3390/cimb47090687","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47090687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a prevalent metabolic disorder in pregnancy, induces maternal hyperglycemia and elevates fetal malformation risks, particularly in craniofacial development. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we employed zebrafish as a model organism due to its conserved skeletal development pathways with humans. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 3.5% and 4% high glucose (HG) from 10-80 h post-fertilization (hpf). Through comprehensive analyses including Alcian blue staining, confocal microscopy, and molecular assays, we demonstrated that HG exposure caused significant developmental abnormalities including growth retardation, craniofacial cartilage malformations, and impaired cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) migration and proliferation. Mechanistically, HG induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and oxidative stress while downregulating critical CNCCs markers (<i>dlx2</i> and <i>tfap2a</i>). These molecular alterations correlated with histomorphological defects in pharyngeal arch cartilage, particularly in ceratohyal formation. Our findings establish that glucose disrupts craniofacial development through oxidative stress-mediated CNCCs dysfunction, providing novel mechanistic insights into GDM-associated skeletal abnormalities and potential therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiology and Transcriptome Analysis of Exogenous GA₃ Effects on the Seed Germination of <i>Phyllostachys edulis</i>.","authors":"He Liao, Shinan Liu, Yuansong Li, Qiancheng Yang, Ying Hu","doi":"10.3390/cimb47090686","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47090686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Phyllostachys edulis</i> is a vital bamboo resource in China, known for its economic benefits and ecological functions. However, under natural conditions, its seed germination rate is very low. Exogenous gibberellin (GA) directly supplements endogenous GA levels, while paclobutrazol (PAC) is an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis that can prevent seed germination. Preliminary experiment indicated that a treatment of 50 mg/L GA₃ markedly enhanced the germination rate of <i>P. edulis</i> seeds, whereas 50 μmol/L PAC had an opposite function. To study the exogenous GA₃ effects on the seed germination of <i>P. edulis</i>, seeds were soaked in ddH₂O (CK), Gibberellic acid 3 (GA₃), and PAC solutions for 24 h, respectively. Then, we analyzed and compared the physiology, biochemistry, and transcriptome at different germination stages. The results demonstrated that exogenous GA₃ treatment significantly reduced the contents of starch and soluble protein while increasing the levels of soluble sugar by inducing the activities of β-amylase and protease, respectively. In addition, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), polyphenol (PPO), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were enhanced to eliminate ROS during seed germination under exogenous GA₃ treatment compared to CK and PAC treatments. Moreover, the endogenous levels of GA₃ and JA were found to be higher in exogenous GA₃-treated seeds than those in CK and PAC-treated seeds. Furthermore, RNA-seq results revealed that the expressions of 10 related genes are consistent with the observed physiological changes. In summary, exogenous GA₃ effectively accelerated the seed germination of <i>P. edulis</i> by influencing storage reserves, antioxidant enzymes activity, and endogenous hormone through the coordinated transcriptional regulation of related genes. These findings provide novel insights into the regulation mechanisms of exogenous GA₃ on the seed germination of <i>P. edulis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}