Mariana Araiza-Guzmán, Bricia M Gutiérrez-Zepeda, Ana M Saldaña-Cruz, Ingrid B Montoya-Delgado, Diana Rubio-Delgado, Pablo Benítez-Villa, Diana M Hernández-Corona, Adrian Daneri-Navarro, Alicia Del Toro-Arreola, Jazmin Márquez-Pedroza, Antonio Quintero-Ramos, Betsabé Contreras-Haro
{"title":"<i>TP53</i> IVS3 16 bp Variant and Breast Cancer Risk in Western Mexican Women: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Mariana Araiza-Guzmán, Bricia M Gutiérrez-Zepeda, Ana M Saldaña-Cruz, Ingrid B Montoya-Delgado, Diana Rubio-Delgado, Pablo Benítez-Villa, Diana M Hernández-Corona, Adrian Daneri-Navarro, Alicia Del Toro-Arreola, Jazmin Márquez-Pedroza, Antonio Quintero-Ramos, Betsabé Contreras-Haro","doi":"10.3390/cimb47090744","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47090744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mutations in the <i>TP53</i> gene can alter its tumor suppressor functions, thereby promoting oncogenic activity. The <i>TP53</i> IVS3 16 bp genetic variant overlaps with nucleotide sequences that can alter regulatory structures, potentially affecting its function. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between <i>TP53</i> IVS3 16 bp genetic variant and the risk of breast cancer (BC) in women from western Mexico.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 220 women diagnosed with BC and 198 cancer-free controls. Clinical and demographic data were collected through structured questionnaires and verified with medical records. Genotyping of the <i>TP53</i> IVS3 16 bp genetic variant was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and visualized on 6% polyacrylamide gels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to controls, women with BC more frequently reported a family history of the disease and menopausal status (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Genotypic analysis revealed that carriers of the D/I genotype and the combined D/I + I/I genotypes were associated with a reduced risk of BC in codominant (OR = 0.53; 95% CI 0.32-0.88) and dominant (OR = 0.57; 95% CI 0.35-0.93) models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The D/I and D/I + I/I genotypes in codominant and dominant models showed a lower risk against BC. More studies are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaocong Han, Min Zhang, Huan Yang, Huiqiong Yang, Yanmei Tang, Weixi Li, Li Li, Jie Yu, Xingxin Yang
{"title":"Myo-Inositol Oxygenase (MIOX): A Pivotal Regulator and Therapeutic Target in Multiple Diseases.","authors":"Shaocong Han, Min Zhang, Huan Yang, Huiqiong Yang, Yanmei Tang, Weixi Li, Li Li, Jie Yu, Xingxin Yang","doi":"10.3390/cimb47090745","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47090745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX), as the sole enzyme catalyzing myo-inositol (MI) catabolism in mammals, plays a central role in maintaining intracellular MI homeostasis. Dysregulation of MIOX activity disrupts MI metabolic balance, leading to pathological processes including oxidative stress, inflammation, and ferroptosis, which subsequently induce multiple diseases such as metabolic syndrome, neurological disorders, tumors, and reproductive/developmental disorders. This article systematically reviews the structure and function of MIOX as well as the pathological consequences arising from its dysregulation. Although its pathological significance is increasingly recognized, the molecular mechanisms of MIOX in many diseases have not been fully elucidated, and targeted modulators of MIOX are lacking. Future research should focus on the in-depth elucidation of the pathogenic mechanisms of MIOX disorders and the development of MIOX modulators, thereby providing precise therapeutic strategies for related diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shining Loo, Antony Kam, Chunyue Du, Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
{"title":"Editorial for the Special Issue \"Pharmacological Activities and Mechanisms of Action of Natural Products\".","authors":"Shining Loo, Antony Kam, Chunyue Du, Simon Ming-Yuen Lee","doi":"10.3390/cimb47090743","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47090743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural products have long fascinated scientists as a vast source of structurally diverse bioactive compounds, serving as templates for many contemporary pharmaceuticals [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Jin, Ang Li, Zhaoyuan Dai, Yi Li, Xinchi Feng, Feng Qiu
{"title":"Resina Draconis Promotes Diabetic Wound Healing by Regulating the AGE-RAGE Pathway to Modulate Macrophage Polarization.","authors":"Xin Jin, Ang Li, Zhaoyuan Dai, Yi Li, Xinchi Feng, Feng Qiu","doi":"10.3390/cimb47090748","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47090748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resina Draconis (RD), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used in treating diabetic foot ulcers. However, its specific mechanisms of action remain incompletely understood. First, network pharmacology combined with GEO clinical sample data mining was employed to systematically analyze the therapeutic targets of RD in promoting diabetic wound healing. Second, an AGEs-induced RAW264.7 cell model was utilized to investigate the regulatory effects of RD and its primary active components on the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, along with their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Finally, a diabetic wound mouse model was established to validate the efficacy of RD and further explore its underlying molecular mechanisms. Integrated analysis of network pharmacology and GEO database mining identified 492 potential therapeutic targets of RD in diabetic wound healing, primarily involving the AGE-RAGE pathway. In vitro, RD (6.25 μg/mL) significantly suppressed AGE-induced inflammatory factors and ROS production while downregulating AGE-triggered RAGE protein overexpression. In vivo, RD hydrogel accelerated diabetic wound healing by modulating the AGE-RAGE axis and regulating macrophage polarization. RD effectively promotes diabetic wound healing through synergistic regulation of the AGE-RAGE pathway, oxidative stress suppression, and macrophage polarization modulation, providing a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic wound management.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masumi Kamiyama, Kotoe Iijima, Rema Okuzawa, Ruka Kawata, Airi Kimura, Yuki Shinohara, Ayana Shimada, Mika Yamanaka, Ayuka Youda, Tamami Iwamoto
{"title":"Mechanisms of the Effects of Polyphenols on Diabetic Nephropathy.","authors":"Masumi Kamiyama, Kotoe Iijima, Rema Okuzawa, Ruka Kawata, Airi Kimura, Yuki Shinohara, Ayana Shimada, Mika Yamanaka, Ayuka Youda, Tamami Iwamoto","doi":"10.3390/cimb47090735","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47090735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic nephropathy is a major challenge in medicine. While a variety of mechanisms underlie the onset and progression of diabetic nephropathy, oxidative stress is critical because it promotes inflammation and creates a vicious cycle that induces podocyte injury, extracellular matrix accumulation, glomerulosclerosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tubular atrophy, and proteinuria. There are various treatments for diabetic nephropathy, and each has its own limitations. Although the exact mechanisms by which polyphenols suppress diabetic nephropathy have not been elucidated, they may have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and/or anti-apoptotic effects. They may also suppress endoplasmic reticulum stress and ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction and dyslipidemia. Dietary polyphenols may be able to prevent the onset and slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy; they include resveratrol, quercetin, isoflavones, catechins, and anthocyanidins and have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and anti-apoptotic effects through multiple molecular targets. Furthermore, they have shown few side effects. However, further research is needed to fully elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which polyphenols exert their effects and to clarify their optimal therapeutic use. In this review, we summarize reports published in the past five years regarding their effects on diabetic nephropathy and provide an overview of the potential of polyphenols.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"JUNB and JUND in Urological Cancers: A Literature Review.","authors":"Georgios Kalampounias, Theodosia Androutsopoulou, Panagiotis Katsoris","doi":"10.3390/cimb47090741","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47090741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>JUNB and JUND are two transcriptional factors (TFs) of increased interest in cancer, regulating the expression of genes associated with survival, proliferation, differentiation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, adhesion, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation. Together with c-JUN, they constitute the JUN family of TFs, acting as downstream effectors of the MAPKs, with established roles in carcinogenesis, disease progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Their phosphorylation leads to the formation of dimeric complexes with other TFs (from the JUN, FOS, or ATF families), thereby assembling the AP-1 complex, which exerts multifaceted influences on both normal and cancerous cells. JUNB and JUND are credited with both tumor-suppressing and oncogenic roles, since the outcome of their activation relies on the specific cancer type, disease stage, intracellular localization, and the expression of interacting cofactors. This narrative review explores the current understanding of JUNB and JUND roles within urological cancers (prostate, bladder, renal, and testicular cancer) as these malignancies, while distinct, share common genetic and/or environmental risk factors and varying degrees of androgen receptor (AR) dependency. The study discusses commonalities and differences in the expression patterns, mechanisms, and clinical implications of JUNB and JUND across urological cancers, thus highlighting their potential as prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research Progress on Nutritional Components, Functional Active Components, and Pharmacological Properties of <i>Floccularia luteovirens</i>.","authors":"Siyuan Gou, Lihua Tang, Huange Huang, Yanqing Ni, Tongjia Shi, Wensheng Li, Yan Wan, Xu Zhao","doi":"10.3390/cimb47090742","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47090742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Edible and medicinal fungi are a general term for large fungi with both edible and medicinal values. As a unique wild edible and medicinal fungus in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the 'Four Medical Classics' of the Tang Dynasty has recorded <i>Floccularia luteovirens</i> effects of external application and internal administration on swelling, cold disease, and neck stiffness. At present, it has not been artificially domesticated and has significant development potential. The mushroom is rich in nutrients. The crude protein content of 100 g dried product is 33~39% (up to 38.71 g, about 2.2 times that of <i>Flammulina velutipes</i>). It contains 19 amino acids (including 8 essential amino acids for the human body; tryptophan accounts for 21.55~22.63%). It is also rich in minerals such as selenium, zinc (0.09 g/kg), and iron (0.3 g/kg) and vitamins B1 (0.10 mg), B2 (1.10 mg), C (4.50 mg), and E (6.20 mg). Among the functional active substances, polysaccharides (containing 20.1% β-glucan and 5.7% mannan-oligosaccharide) had antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects, which could alleviate the weight loss of diabetic rats. The IC50 of DPPH free radical scavenging rate of phenolics (ferulic acid, etc.; total phenolic content of 4.21 ± 0.06 mg/g) was 43.85 μg/mL; there was also adenosine, volatile oil, and other components. Pharmacologically, the DPPH free radical scavenging rate of the extract was 65 ± 0.46%, the tumor inhibition rate of the polysaccharide on the tumor-bearing mice was 42.48%, the gastrodin was biocatalyzed (conversion rate 85.2%), and the extracellular polysaccharide could inhibit the color change in shrimp to achieve preservation. This paper reviews its related research progress and provides a reference for its development in the fields of healthy food and biomedicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuan Luo, Wei Luo, Tongxing Zhao, Jing Yang, Lang Yuan, Pinzheng Zhang, Zixin Gong, Haizhu Li, Yongkang Sima, Tao Xu
{"title":"The Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Three <i>Manglietia</i> Species and Phylogenetic Insight into the Genus <i>Manglietia</i> Blume.","authors":"Yuan Luo, Wei Luo, Tongxing Zhao, Jing Yang, Lang Yuan, Pinzheng Zhang, Zixin Gong, Haizhu Li, Yongkang Sima, Tao Xu","doi":"10.3390/cimb47090737","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47090737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>The genus Manglietia Blume</i> is an important group of Magnoliaceae that has high economic and ornamental value. Owing to the small morphological differences among most <i>Manglietia</i> species and the limited sample sizes in previous molecular-level studies, its infrageneric classification remains unclear, and interspecific relationships for some species are still contentious. Clarifying the phylogenetic relationships within the genus <i>Manglietia</i> is crucial for species classification, genetic diversity assessment, and evolutionary developmental studies. This study sequenced, assembled, and annotated the chloroplast (cp) genomes of <i>Manglietia guangnanica</i>, <i>Manglietia hookeri</i>, and <i>Manglietia longirostrata</i>. The results indicated that these cp genomes are canonical quadripartite structures with total lengths of 160,067 bp, 160,067 bp, and 160,076 bp, respectively. All three cp genomes were annotated with 133 genes, comprising 88 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNAs, and 8 rRNAs. A total of 31, 30, and 30 dispersed repeats and 53, 53, and 56 SSRs were detected, respectively. ENC plot, neutrality plot, and PR2 plot analyses indicated that codon usage bias was influenced primarily by natural selection. Nucleotide diversity analysis revealed 8 highly variable regions in the cp genomes, among which <i>petA</i>-<i>psbJ</i>, <i>rpl32</i>-<i>trnL</i>, and <i>ccsA</i>-<i>ndhD</i> are recommended as candidate molecular markers for <i>Manglietia</i> species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed four highly supported clades: Clade I (18 species), Clade II (<i>M. decidua</i> only), Clade III (9 species), and Clade IV (<i>M. caveana</i> only). Among these clades, Clade IV is a newly discovered monotypic clade in this study, which differs from the results of all previous studies. Further investigations of Clades I and III, which include multiple <i>Manglietia</i> species, revealed that the presence or absence of hairs on Twigs, Stipules, and the abaxial surface of the leaf are important morphological characteristics for distinguishing species between these two clades. Furthermore, the results revealed that <i>M. guangnanica</i> and <i>M. calcarea</i> are two distinct species, and the treatment of <i>M. longirostrata</i> as a variety of <i>M. hookeri</i> was not supported by our study. This study enriches the cp genome data of <i>Manglietia</i>, provides new insights into infrageneric classification, and lays a foundation for further phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of <i>Manglietia.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Logan Ponder, Ryan Kinney, Ankita Chatterjee, Kristina Vu, Harishma Sidhu, Neha Patel, Tejus Desai, Daniel L Orr, Juan A Arroyo, Paul R Reynolds
{"title":"Inflammatory Molecule Elaboration in Secondhand Smoke (SHS)-Induced or Conditional RAGE Transgenic Modeling of Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS).","authors":"Logan Ponder, Ryan Kinney, Ankita Chatterjee, Kristina Vu, Harishma Sidhu, Neha Patel, Tejus Desai, Daniel L Orr, Juan A Arroyo, Paul R Reynolds","doi":"10.3390/cimb47090740","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47090740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by sinonasal inflammation, mucus overproduction, and edematous mucosal tissue. This inflammatory condition is characterized by mucosal thickening, nasal obstruction, facial pain or pressure, hyposmia, and nasal discharge. The aim of this research was to clarify a potential role for the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) in mouse nasoantral epithelium in perpetuating pro-inflammatory cytokine elaboration similarly expressed by CRS patients. Specifically, wild-type (WT) mice and transgenic (TG) mice overexpressing RAGE in sinonasal epithelium (RAGE TG mice) were maintained in room air or subjected to secondhand smoke exposure using a nose-only delivery system (Scireq Scientific, Montreal, QC, Canada) for five days per week over a 30-day period. Histological analysis was performed using staining for RAGE. Tissue lysates were analyzed for pro-inflammatory cytokines. We observed increased RAGE expression in sinus tissue following SHS exposure and in sinuses from RAGE TG mice in the absence of SHS. We also discovered elevated T helper (Th)1 products (TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ) and Th2/Th17 (IL-5, IL-13, IL-17A) cytokine abundance in SHS-exposed WT and SHS-exposed RTG tissues compared to room air controls. These findings highlight the pivotal role of RAGE signaling in the exacerbation of inflammatory processes, particularly in the context of chronic inflammation induced by smoke exposure. The study expands our understanding of the RAGE signaling axis as a key contributor to the progression of smoke-related lung and sinonasal pathologies. Targeting RAGE-mediated pathways could represent a novel therapeutic strategy to mitigate the progression of chronic sinusitis associated with smoke exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-Biofluid Approaches for cftDNA and cftRNA Biomarker Detection: Advances in Early Cancer Detection and Monitoring.","authors":"Douglas M Ruden","doi":"10.3390/cimb47090738","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47090738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cell-free tumor DNA (cftDNA) and cell-free tumor RNA (cftRNA) are emerging as powerful biomarkers for cancer detection, monitoring, and prognosis. These nucleic acids, released into the bloodstream by tumor cells, carry cancer-specific genetic and epigenetic alterations and can be detected non-invasively. Detection before clinical diagnosis offers a unique opportunity for earlier intervention yet requires longitudinal cohort studies to establish pre-diagnostic biomarker profiles. Current technologies enable sensitive quantification of cftDNA and cftRNA, with spike-in controls allowing for absolute quantification of single nucleosome-bound cftDNA, addressing a key limitation in liquid biopsy assays. Advances, such as DNA-PAINT, now permit single-molecule resolution detection of point mutations and methylation patterns characteristic of cancer, while new proteomics methods can identify the tissue of origin of exosome-derived nucleic acid. This review discusses the state-of-the-art detection strategies for cftDNA and cftRNA, highlights the gaps in longitudinal sampling, and outlines future research directions toward integrating multiomic liquid biopsy approaches for improved early diagnosis, monitoring, and relapse detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}