Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.最新文献_第5页

NRL analysis of GPS on-orbit clocks GPS在轨时钟的NRL分析

Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005. Pub Date : 2005-08-31 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573896

J. Oaks, K. Senior, M. Largay, R. Beard, J. Buisson

{"title":"NRL analysis of GPS on-orbit clocks","authors":"J. Oaks, K. Senior, M. Largay, R. Beard, J. Buisson","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573896","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has collected data and analyzed GPS space vehicle atomic clock performance since the beginning of the GPS Program. These analyses have largely been based on pseudorange observations and precise post-fit ephemerides provided by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA). Observational data and clock comparisons were limited to data collected within the GPS system due primarily to the lack of global tracking resources and effective means of gathering the data. With the successful conclusion of the International GPS Service (IGS) and Bureau International Poids and et Mesures (BIPM) Pilot Project, new capabilities to associate IGS geophysical data to universal coordinated time (UTC), and integration of timing centers to contribute to the determination of UTC are evolving. Data collection from participating timing centers and analysis to form the IGS timescales and Clock Products has established new capabilities for analysis of orbiting precision atomic clocks. NRL leads the IGS Clock Products Working Group and generates the IGS timescales. These efforts joined together with the GPS on-orbit analyses offer new possibilities for analysis and improved performance for both GPS and IGS. This paper discusses these new resources for analysis and possible improved analytical capabilities","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"10 25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121116970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Sources of instabilities in two-way satellite time transfer 卫星双向时传递不稳定性的来源

Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005. Pub Date : 2005-08-31 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1574028

T. Parker, V. Zhang

引用次数: 54

212.5[MHz] fundamental oscillator for fiber channel application 用于光纤通道的212.5[MHz]基频振荡器

Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005. Pub Date : 2005-08-31 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573988

N. Nomura, H. Watanabe, Y. Aoyagi

{"title":"212.5[MHz] fundamental oscillator for fiber channel application","authors":"N. Nomura, H. Watanabe, Y. Aoyagi","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573988","url":null,"abstract":"As explosive growth of the Internet, a capacity of the server to distribute information has been increasing year by year and it is getting difficult for conventional interface (SCSI) to provide sufficient services. To solve the problem, the new method of fiber channel was developed and the transmission rate was speeded up. According to it, the frequency of the clock oscillator is required to become higher from 106.25(MHz) to 212.5(MHz). To achieve high frequency, the PLL oscillator and the SAW oscillator are popular. The PLL oscillator has tight frequency stability, but the multiple of a frequency causes sub-harmonics and that deteriorates the jitter characteristics. On the other hand, the SAW oscillator has good jitter characteristics, but its frequency stability is worse. As the solution, we developed the single-seal type high frequency clock oscillator with fundamental oscillation in 7(mm) x 5(mm) package. For this oscillator, we designed the AT cut crystal unit with inverted mesa structure by etching in order to make crystal blank (quartz substrate) thinner to the limit. It enabled us to design high frequency crystal unit at higher than 200(MHz) by fundamental resonation. With this development, we can maximize the characteristics of the AT cut crystal unit. Now we can provide the oscillator at 212.5(MHz) with frequency stability of ±50(ppm) over 20years in temperature range of -40(℃) to +85(℃). Thanks to fundamental oscillation, the oscillator can also offer good jitter and phase noise characteristics.","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117340657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Low voltage, high performance, GHz range STW clocks with BAW crystal stability 低电压，高性能，GHz范围STW时钟具有BAW晶体稳定性

Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005. Pub Date : 2005-08-31 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1574049

I. Avramov

{"title":"Low voltage, high performance, GHz range STW clocks with BAW crystal stability","authors":"I. Avramov","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1574049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1574049","url":null,"abstract":"An alternative method for improving the temperature stability and the close-to-carrier phase noise performance of low-voltage (LV) surface transverse wave (STW) based oscillators in the lower GHz frequency range is presented. The method is verified by a 1 GHz STW based oscillator (STWO), injection locked to the 10-th overtone of a 100 MHz bulk acoustic wave (BAW) crystal controlled comb spectrum oscillator (CCCSO). Within the injection locking bandwidth (ILBW) of the STWO which is selected to be large enough to compensate for temperature induced frequency shifts and fabrication tolerances of the STW devices, the STWO tracks the 10-th overtone of the CCCSO and adopts its close-in phase noise which is typically 10 to 30 dB better compared to the free running STWO. At carrier offsets, larger than 10 kHz, the STWO can no longer track the noise modulation of the CCCSO, therefore, the phase noise at such offsets, down to the noise floor, is dominated by the much lower phase noise of the STWO. On the other hand, the temperature stability of the system is determined by the BAW crystal and is typically by a factor of 10 better compared to the free running STWO. Suppression of the fundamental 100 MHz CCCSO frequency and its undesired overtones from the STWO output spectrum is performed by two STW resonators identical to the one stabilizing the STWO. The laboratory prototype is operated from a 1.25V dc source, consumes 50 mA of dc current and maintains lock over a (-40 to +85)deg C temperature range. The suppression of the 100 MHz CCCSO overtone residues in the output spectrum is -60 dB referenced to the -14 dBm output signal at 1 GHz. The phase noise suppression at 1 kHz carrier offset is estimated as -130 dBc/Hz which represents about 26 dB improvement compared to the free running STWO","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126559920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

1 [GHz] high frequency Colpitts oscillator 1 [GHz]高频科尔皮茨振荡器

Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005. Pub Date : 2005-08-31 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573987

N. Nomura, Y. Aoyagi, Y. Sekine

{"title":"1 [GHz] high frequency Colpitts oscillator","authors":"N. Nomura, Y. Aoyagi, Y. Sekine","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573987","url":null,"abstract":"As progress in the information and communication infrastructure toward the broadband network, rapid and accurate transmission of vast amounts of data is required. In accordance with it, the crystal oscillator as a frequency generator is required to improve the frequency short-term stability as well as to achieve higher frequency. The frequency short-term stability can be specified with two domains, one is time-domain and the other is frequency domain. Each domain is used according to application and condition as below; time domain: Allan variance, TDEV, jitter; frequency domain: phase noise. In the past, the crystal oscillator using PLL was popular for the high frequency oscillator. But since the oscillator using PLL multiplies frequency, it deteriorates jitter characteristics by the influence of spurious at the fundamental oscillation and it could result in causing bit error in the equipment. In order to improve the frequency short-term stability, we think that the best way is a fundamental oscillation by the Colpitts circuit. However, a conventional Colpitts circuit could not get a sufficient negative resistance in higher frequency range more than 600 [MHz] bandwidth. In this paper, we suggest that such the high frequency Colpitts oscillator can get a sufficient negative resistance even in [GHz] bandwidth. In addition, we report the efficiency of our high frequency Colpitts oscillator, which was confirmed by measurement with prototype of VCSO at 1 [GHz] using the SAW resonator.","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115883369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Recent results on a pulsed CPT clock 脉冲CPT时钟的最新结果

Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005. Pub Date : 2005-08-31 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1574032

T. Zanon, S. Tremine, S. Guérandel, F. Dahes, E. de Clercq, A. Clairon, N. Dimarcq

引用次数: 4

The MAC - a miniature atomic clock MAC——一个微型原子钟

Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005. Pub Date : 2005-08-31 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1574029

R. Lutwak, P. Vlitas, Mathew Varghese, M. Mescher, D. Serkland, Gregory M. Peake

{"title":"The MAC - a miniature atomic clock","authors":"R. Lutwak, P. Vlitas, Mathew Varghese, M. Mescher, D. Serkland, Gregory M. Peake","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1574029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1574029","url":null,"abstract":"The authors are developing a chip-scale atomic clock (CSAC), more than two orders of magnitude smaller and lower power than any existing technology. As an intermediate milestone, en route to the ultimate CSAC objectives, we have developed a miniature atomic clock (MAC), combining the low-power CSAC physics package with a low-parts count, low-power digital control and microwave system. The MAC is a complete packaged atomic clock, with overall size of 10 cm/sup 3/, power consumption >200 mW, and short-term stability /spl sigma//sub y/(/spl tau/)/spl sim/4/spl times/10/sup -10//spl tau//sup - 1/2 /. The MAC provides a valuable testbed for the further development and refinement of the CSAC physics package as well as for the development of the CSAC control electronics prior to undertaking the costly and time-consuming size-reduction effort which will be necessary to meet the ultimate CSAC objectives. The MAC itself may find applications in commercial and military timing systems which require the relatively small size and power consumption of the MAC now, rather than wait for the evolution of the 1 cm/sup 3/, 30 mW CSAC.","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"712 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122991767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 76

Absolute measurement of in-plane vibrational distribution in piezoelectric resonators based on laser speckle interferometry 基于激光散斑干涉法的压电谐振器面内振动分布绝对测量

Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005. Pub Date : 2005-08-31 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573919

Y. Watanabe, T. Tsuda, S. Ishii, S. Goka, H. Sekimoto

引用次数: 1

Design of a portable guided SH-SAW chemical sensor system for liquid environments 液体环境下便携式导引SH-SAW化学传感器系统的设计

Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005. Pub Date : 2005-08-31 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573903

D. Jeutter, F. Josse, M. Johnson, M. Wenzel, J. Hossenlopp, R. Cernosek

{"title":"Design of a portable guided SH-SAW chemical sensor system for liquid environments","authors":"D. Jeutter, F. Josse, M. Johnson, M. Wenzel, J. Hossenlopp, R. Cernosek","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573903","url":null,"abstract":"Following successful application in gas sensing, acoustic wave liquid sensors attracted considerable attention due to the need for real-time, rapid and direct detection where the device is in direct contact with the solution. More importantly, there is a need for field measurement capability with portable devices. Challenges include a physical layout of the RF circuitry to minimize parasitic and spurious noise, continuous and realtime measurements capability, and obtaining vector network analyzer (VNA) performance in a portable RF unit, especially since the sensor signal noise dictates the limit of detection (LOD). Polymer-guided shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) sensor platforms operating around 105 MHz on 36deg rotated Y-cut LiTaO 3 are investigated as portable detectors in liquid environments. The described system is self-contained including RF signal source, sensor input/output signal conditioning, and sensor signal amplitude and phase measuring capabilities. Amplitude and phase signals from the sensor are differentially compared with concomitant signals available directly from the RF signal source. The two primary outputs from the system are voltages related to the detected amplitude and phase changes that are caused by the sensor's response to analyte sorption by the coated device. Several devices, coated with chemically sensitive polymers, are investigated in the detection of low concentrations (10-60 ppm) of ethylbenzene and xylenes in water using the RF portable unit. The units were tested for both reproducibility and repeatability, and the results matched very well with VNA measurements","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116807202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Precise continuous time and frequency transfer using GPS carrier phase 使用GPS载波相位进行精确的连续时间和频率传输

Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005. Pub Date : 2005-08-31 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573954

R. Dach, U. Hugentobler, T. Schildknecht, L. Bernier, G. Dudle

{"title":"Precise continuous time and frequency transfer using GPS carrier phase","authors":"R. Dach, U. Hugentobler, T. Schildknecht, L. Bernier, G. Dudle","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573954","url":null,"abstract":"The Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB) and the Swiss Federal Office of Metrology and Accreditation (METAS) have been collaborating to investigate and apply the use of the GPS carrier phase measurements (GPS CP) for time and frequency transfer. At METAS a dedicated hardware has been developed: the so-called geodetic time transfer terminal (GeTT-terminal) which was already presented to the community [Dudle, 1998]. In parallel the AIUB has implemented the capability for time and frequency transfer into the Bernese GPS software package [Hugentobler, 2001]. Within the last years several improvements of the analysis software for the time and frequency transfer have been implemented. The developments have been focused on overcoming the day boundary discontinuities. These occur in the resulting time series if the data are analyzed independently for each day. The magnitude of these artificial \"clock jumps\" depends on the mean noise behavior of the code observations and may typically reach a magnitude of up to one nanosecond. An important result of the software developments is the possibility to reconnect the phase ambiguity parameters at the day boundaries which allows to generate a continuous geodetic time and frequency transfer solution for a time interval that is only limited by a loss of lock to all satellites. This allows, in addition, to generate a geodetic frequency transfer solution without using the code measurements at all. Consequences for the geodetic time transfer learned from applying the geodetic phase-only frequency transfer method in several international campaigns are discussed in this paper","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117006451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29