{"title":"Narrowing laser linewidth using a stabilized optical frequency comb","authors":"D. Farkas, G. Gabrielse","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1574060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1574060","url":null,"abstract":"We narrow the line width of a 1083 nm laser by phase-locking to an Nd:YAG non-planar ring oscillator (NPRO) via an optical frequency comb. The comb transfers the narrow linewidth of the iodine-stabilized NPRO (<2 kHz) from 1064 nm to thousands of wavelengths throughout the visible and infrared regimes. Lasers phase-locked to the comb will have the narrow linewidth of the NPRO. We demonstrate this linewidth-narrowing scheme for an external-cavity diode laser at 1083 nm, showing a 10-fold reduction in linewidth from 54 kHz to 5.5 kHz","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128878510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Self-switching vibrating micromechanical filter bank","authors":"Sheng-Shian Li, Yu-Wei Lin, Z. Ren, C. Nguyen","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573915","url":null,"abstract":"Bridged MEMS-based micromechanical filters have been demonstrated that use a self-switching property of their dc-biased capacitive transducers to achieve zero-loss on/off filter switching without the need for lossy series switches, and with settling times down to 1.5 /spl mu/s. By dispensing with the need for series switches in the signal path, a small bank of 0.087% bandwidth, 9-MHz beam-based filters has achieved programmable channel/band selection with only 3 dB of insertion loss, comprised entirely of filter loss (i.e., no switch loss), with switching times 7/spl times/ faster than the typical 10 /spl mu/s of some of the fastest RF MEMS switches, and without the high actuation voltages (>90V) and reliability issues often associated with RF MEMS switches. Higher frequency 155-MHz disk resonators achieve even faster switching speeds, with settling times down to only 430 ns. Equipped with this self-switching property, capacitively transduced micromechanical resonators are attractive candidates for realization of the switchable filter banks targeted for future wireless transceivers.","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125653353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterizing absorption spectrum of natural rubidium by using a directly modulated VCSEL","authors":"I. Ben-Aroya, G. Eisenstein","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1574002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1574002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a systematic procedure to select the optimum operating point of a directly modulated semiconductor laser which feeds a Rb based CPT system. The procedure is confirmed in a series of experiments","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131361283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonmagnetic UHV optical viewports","authors":"S. Crane, C. Ekstrom","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573947","url":null,"abstract":"Many atomic physics and frequency metrology applications require nonmagnetic optical viewports for ultra high vacuum (UHV) chambers. We have refined two techniques for producing specialized UHV optical viewports. The first is a weld-in window cell made by brazing an optical blank into a thin weld collar. The second is a mechanical sealing method that relies on crushing a series of thin copper knife-edges","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132693872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Significance of power flow angle interference due to finite sample dimension in reflection measurements","authors":"B. Meulendyk, M. D. da Cunha","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573921","url":null,"abstract":"Acoustic wave reflection techniques are widely used in extracting the acoustic constants and temperature coefficients of anisotropic crystals. To obtain these constants with the desired precision, care should be taken in the sample preparation, including flatness, parallelism, and surface finishing or polishing. Not so obvious is that along some orientations required for the extraction of elastic constants in anisotropic materials, non-zero bulk acoustic wave (BAW) power flow angles (PFA) occur. Depending on the sample dimensions, spurious reflections due to the PFA can interfere with the desired signal. In this paper we report on the different positions of a transducer/buffer rod excitation unit with respect to a 25 mm Y cut quartz cube and show the influence of the PFA using pulse echo techniques. In this orientation, selected as an example, a longitudinal wave travels with a velocity of 5996.0 m/s. Signals reflected from the back wall of the sample are expected after about 8.32 mus and 16.7 mus. However, additional clear spurious signals occur around 11.6 mus and 19.9 mus. This is a direct consequence of the position of the transducer/buffer rod unit and thus the PFA. The time response and the correlation between the spurious pulses and the PFA in the referred orientation are detailed in the paper. The results obtained indicate that attention should be given to PFA in determining the test sample dimensions when employing pulse reflection techniques for the extraction of elastic constants in anisotropic crystals","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132879172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Closed-form solution for SPUDTs","authors":"E. Danicki, F. Hickernell, I. Mateescu","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573918","url":null,"abstract":"Rigorous, full-field theory of single-phase interdigital transducers is presented and extended, by perturbation analysis, to account for the mechanical properties of strips. The theory and its resulting closed-form expressions are general and applicable to any narrow-band transducers; they are ready for use in engineering practice for designing and optimizing narrowband SAW filters. The derived equivalent scheme brings a simple method for evaluation of the electrical properties of aperiodic transducers with arbitrary voltages applied to the transducer fingers. Further generalization is discussed extending this spectral theory to any pseudo-surface waves and wide-band devices.","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117118681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measurements of cesium polarizability in atomic clock via light frequency shift","authors":"Jingbiao Chen","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573944","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental schemes are developed that use alternative current electric field from additional nearresonance or far-resonance light in Cesium(Cs) atomic clock to measure the static dipole polarizability, differential polarizability of the ground states, and the forbidden tensor polarizability of Cs atom via light frequency shift.","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"286 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122977592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"BIPM comparison of time transfer techniques","authors":"F. Arias, Z. Jiang, W. Lewandowski, G. Petit","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573951","url":null,"abstract":"Clock comparison for International Atomic Time (TAI) is based on common views of satellites of the GPS constellation and on the technique of two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT). All the TWSTFT links are backed up by the GPS ones. Due to the duplicity of techniques in many baselines, the international network of time links is today highly redundant. The improvement of GPS satellite ephemerides and clock values produced by the International GNSS Service (IGS) might lead to the utilisation of the all-in-view (AV) method for the computation of GPS links instead of the common-view (CV) one currently used for TAI. Studies started at the BIPM to validate the GPS AV method for introduction in the calculation of TAI. To assist related studies, we developed a procedure to compare the links measured with different techniques and calculated with different methods. Results of these comparisons obtained since January 2005 are published on the BIPM ftp site, with monthly updates after the calculation of BIPM circular T.","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124163207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phase noise in microwave bridge oscillators","authors":"D. Tsarapkin","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573989","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with phase noise in low noise microwave oscillators utilizing bridge (differential) networks to increase their effective Q-factor. As such oscillators do not apply an automatic frequency control they are free from auxiliary circuitry self noise influence that, in turn, permits to incorporate successfully any stabilizing resonators including cryogenically cooled ones. Comparing of the microwave bridge oscillator (MBO) phase noise with that one of the classic Leeson's model reveals at least one drastic distinction that demonstrates itself as deep oscillator phase noise decrease at output of a sustaining amplifier beyond a resonant network bandwidth. The effect is explained by fundamental properties of the bridge network where growing detuning leads to a transmission phase shift approaching plusmn180 degree that changes a sign of a feedback for distortions from positive to negative. This feature distinguishes MBO from frequency stabilization schemes using an automatic frequency control. The method permits to improve oscillator close-in phase noise by 10...15 dB. As expected, a room temperature X-band MBO arranged with a SiGe HBT sustaining amplifier and a whispering gallery sapphire resonator could have # as low as -140 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"os-38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127779254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Lombardi, A. Novick, J. M. Lopez, J. Boulanger, R. Pelletier
{"title":"The inter-American metrology system (SIM) common-view GPS comparison network","authors":"M. Lombardi, A. Novick, J. M. Lopez, J. Boulanger, R. Pelletier","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1574019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1574019","url":null,"abstract":"The inter-American metrology system (SIM) consists of national metrology institutes in 34 member nations located throughout North, Central, and South America, and the Caribbean region. Currently, at least ten SIM laboratories pursue time and frequency metrology, and are responsible for maintaining the national time and frequency standards for their respective countries. To benefit these laboratories and advance metrology in the SIM region, we have developed a measurement network to continuously intercompare these standards and to make the data readily accessible to all SIM members. This network utilizes the multi-channel common-view GPS technique and the near real-time exchange of data via the Internet. This paper discusses the challenges of implementing the SIM comparison network, and provides a technical description of the measurement system supplied to participating laboratories. It describes the method used to calibrate the SIM measurement systems, and describes how the measurement results are processed and reported to the laboratories. It presents data collected from comparisons between the national frequency and time standards located in Canada, Mexico, and the United States. It validates these data by comparing them to data collected from previously established time links. It concludes with a discussion of the measurement uncertainties.","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123571856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}