{"title":"Ion-acoustic plasma waves in rf-discharge lamps: light-shift stabilization for atomic clocks","authors":"J. Camparo, C. Klimcak","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573977","url":null,"abstract":"In vapor-cell atomic clocks, long-term stability can be significantly influenced by temporal variations in a discharge lamp's output via the light-shift. In order to stabilize the light-shift effect it is necessary to stabilize both the lamp's brightness and its spectral output; and this in turn requires one to stabilize the lamp's temperature and the rf- power driving the lamp. Though the lamp's output intensity can be used as a control parameter for lamp stabilization (e.g. for lamp temperature), another is required. Here, we consider the resonant frequency of ion-acoustic plasma waves as a second control parameter for the stabilization of rf-discharge lamps.","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122378444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distributed cavity phase and the associated power dependence","authors":"R. Li, K. Gibble","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573909","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss the power dependence of distributed cavity phase errors for cylindrical TE011 cavities in laser-cooled atomic fountain clocks. The azimuthally symmetric phase variations produce a surprisingly large distributed cavity phase error for two 2pi, 4pi, and 6pi pulses. This is due to the correlation between the transverse variation of the Rabi frequency over the cavity aperture and a quadratic density variation of the atomic sample, along with the symmetry of the longitudinal phase variation in the cavity. We show that the large azimuthally symmetric fields and phase shifts near the walls of the endcap holes produce very small errors at optimal power for a uniform wall resistance. We also show the power variation for higher order azimuthal variations m=1, 2, and 4. These may be caused by fountain tilts, nonuniform detection of atoms, and asymmetries in the laser trapping and cooling of the atoms. We demonstrate that distributed cavity phase errors in physical cavities may have no variation with the microwave power. A combination of rigorous calculations of cavity losses, measurements of power dependence, the atomic distributions, and fountain tilts, and electrical measurements that show the lower limit of the cavity Q and the cavity symmetry, should provide stringent limits on distributed cavity phase errors for current atomic clocks","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122536323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal estimation of clock values and trends from finite data","authors":"C. Greenhall","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573962","url":null,"abstract":"We show how to solve two problems of optimal linear estimation from a finite set of phase data. Clock noise is modeled as a stochastic process with stationary dth increments. The covariance properties of such a process are contained in the generalized autocovariance function (GACV). We set up two principles for optimal estimation; these principles lead to a set of linear equations for the regression coefficients and some auxiliary parameters. The mean square errors of the estimators are easily calculated. The method can be used to check the results of other methods and to find good suboptimal estimators based on a small subset of the available data","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121874936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental assessment of the time transfer capability of precise point positioning (PPP)","authors":"D. Orgiazzi, P. Tavella, F. Lahaye","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573955","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, many national timing laboratories have installed geodetic global positioning system (GPS) receivers together with their traditional GPS/GLONASS common view (CV) receivers and two way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT) equipment. A method called precise point positioning (PPP) is in use in the geodetic community allowing precise recovery of geodetic GPS receiver position, clock phase and tropospheric delay by taking advantage of the International GNSS Service (IGS) precise products. Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) has developed software implementing the PPP and a previous assessment of the PPP as a promising time transfer method was carried out at Istituto Elettrotecnico Nazionale (IEN) in 2003. This paper reports on a more systematic work performed at IEN and NRCan to further characterize the PPP method for time transfer application, involving data from nine national timing laboratories. Dual-frequency GPS observations (pseudorange and carrier phase) over the last ninety days of year 2004 were processed using the NRCan PPP software to recover receiver clock estimates at five minute intervals, using the IGS final satellite orbit and clock products. The quality of these solutions is evaluated mainly in terms of short-term noise. In addition, the time and frequency transfer capability of the PPP method were assessed with respect to independent techniques, such as TWSTFT, over a number of European and Transatlantic baselines","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130486056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Redundancy and correlations in TAI time links","authors":"G. Petit, Z. Jiang","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573956","url":null,"abstract":"The network of time links for the computation of TAI has always be chosen such as to allow a unique solution, i.e. not using any redundancy. In the present situation, many links can be computed with two or more techniques (mostly TW and GPS) and the TW network itself is highly redundant. In addition, the covariance matrix for the measurements from these two may now be determined with adequate uncertainty, so that it makes sense to use all the available information and to compute TAI links using the available redundant network. In the paper, we examine the formalism to be used in this aim and the consequences of using such a procedure","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124172120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Donley, T. Heavner, J. O'Brien, S. Jefferts, F. Levi
{"title":"Laser cooling and launching performance in a (1,1,1)-geometry atomic fountain","authors":"E. Donley, T. Heavner, J. O'Brien, S. Jefferts, F. Levi","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573946","url":null,"abstract":"We have successfully cooled and launched cesium atoms in the (1,1,1) atomic fountain geometry at temperatures as low as 0.8 /spl mu/K. This corresponds to a root-mean-square thermal velocity of 0.7 cm/s, which is two times the photon recoil velocity of 0.35 cm/s. Factors that limit the final temperature are presented in detail.","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"8 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114028118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"German timing expertise to support Galileo","authors":"J. Hammesfahr, A. Moudrak, S. Bedrich","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1574026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1574026","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the potential transfer of competence from national German projects in the field of navigation and precise timing into the Galileo program","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124520017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and preliminary characterization of the USNO rubidium fountain","authors":"S. Peil, S. Crane, T. Swanson, C. Ekstrom","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573949","url":null,"abstract":"We have built and begun characterization of an engineering prototype rubidium atomic fountain at the USNO for use in its clock ensemble. We achieve short-term stability of 1.4times10-13/taufrac12, which meets the desired performance for characterizing maser drift. We discuss the design, operation, and preliminary characterization of this device","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"12 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124193628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Progress in building NRC's cesium fountain clock","authors":"L. Marmet, P. Dubé, C. Gigault","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573940","url":null,"abstract":"We report recent progress made on the construction of a cesium fountain atomic clock at the Frequency and Time Group of the National Research Council (NRC) Canada. We also report future design plans and operation scheme of the fountain","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114354759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Locking lasers with large FM noise to high Q cavities","authors":"L. Duan, K. Gibble","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2005.1574058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2005.1574058","url":null,"abstract":"We have demonstrated that an external-cavity diode laser can be directly locked to a high Q cavity. Lock can be acquired with a conventional analog servo even though the laser frequency sweeps through the cavity resonance in less than the cavity build-up time. We discuss the distortions of the Pound-Drever-Hall error signals in this regime and experimentally and theoretically show that a servo can acquire lock. We discuss a model of lock acquisition and experimentally show that the capture range is in fact much larger than that predicted from a linear model","PeriodicalId":108334,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114992392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}