Current Cardiology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Supersaturated Oxygen Delivery & Acute MI: Current Evidence, Practical Issues, and Future Research.","authors":"Adhvithi Pingili, Mounika Reddy Vadiyala, Maneeth Mylavarapu, Muhammad Bilal, Narayana Varalakshmi Akula, Mallareddy Banala, Neelima Katukuri","doi":"10.2174/011573403X351088250802160032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573403X351088250802160032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acute myocardial infarction is a significant global health issue, with a high mortality rate. Early intervention, specifically coronary angiography, has been shown to improve patient outcomes significantly. Recent technological advances have introduced novel therapeutic interventions like Supersaturated Oxygen (SSO2) Therapy, which promises enhanced recovery post-ischemia. To evaluate the efficacy and potential benefits of SSO2 therapy in improving post-ischemic outcomes, including left ventricular function, myocardial scarring, and overall cardiac morphology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review synthesizes findings from early clinical trials and pre-clinical animal studies focusing on the application of SSO2. The therapy involves delivering oxygen at ten times the normal level directly to the infarcted artery to facilitate high oxygen diffusion before restoring downstream flow.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pre-clinical studies demonstrate that SSO2 therapy enhances Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), increases mean arterial PaO2, reduces myocardial apoptosis, and decreases myocardial scarring and infarct sizes. Clinical trials, including the Acute Myocardial Infarction with Hyperoxemic Therapy (AMIHOT I and AMIHOT II), have shown improvements in echocardiographic regional wall motion and have helped in preventing myocardial dilatation and remodeling.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SSO2 therapy presents a promising advance in the treatment of myocardial infarction. While early results are favorable, indicating significant improvements in cardiac function and tissue preservation, long-term follow-up studies are necessary to determine the impact on mortality rates, recurrence of ischemic events, and healthcare resource utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer-Associated Marantic Endocarditis and Direct Oral Anticoagulants: Case Report and Systematic Review.","authors":"Glaudir Donato, Filipe Castor, João Vitor Andrade Fernandes, Emilio Carlos de Arruda Lacerda, Ariane Vieira Scarlatelli Macedo, Marcelo Melo","doi":"10.2174/011573403X371101250729223222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573403X371101250729223222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) involves sterile vegetations on heart valves due to systemic hypercoagulability, often linked to malignancies. It is frequently underdiagnosed and presents significant clinical management challenges, often manifesting as thromboembolic events like ischemic stroke. We aim to report the first case of cancerassociated NBTE that showed a positive response to rivaroxaban as a maintenance anticoagulant, with 3D echocardiographic evidence of vegetation reduction, and to evaluate the performance of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in treating cancer-associated NBTE through a systematic review of case reports.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case study and a systematic review of case reports on the use of DOACs in the setting of cancer-associated non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) were presented. Electronic databases were searched, and relevant studies were selected based on predefined eligibility criteria. Data were extracted and analyzed qualitatively, focusing on demographics, clinical presentation, anticoagulation and anticancer therapies, and outcomes (surgery, NBTE resolution, thromboembolic events, and mortality).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In addition to our case, thirty-three studies were included in the systematic review. Most patients were already on DOAC therapy before the NBTE diagnosis. Lung and pancreatic cancers were the most common primary neoplasms. The aortic and mitral valves were most frequently affected. Anticoagulation therapy often shifted from DOACs to heparin upon NBTE diagnosis, with low-molecular-weight heparin showing better outcomes in vegetation resolution and thromboembolic event prevention.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study reinforces the suggestion that heparins are more appropriate for treating cancer-associated NBTE. However, satisfactory DOAC outcomes warrant further research.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Effective NBTE management with DOACs appears to be strongly associated with the successful control of the underlying neoplasm.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac Repair and Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Exploring New Frontiers in Regenerative Medicine.","authors":"Sadia Nazir, Tahir Maqbool, Sumeyra Savas","doi":"10.2174/011573403X376065250728094646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573403X376065250728094646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases, especially myocardial infarction, remain the prominent causes of death globally, necessitating the exploration of innovative therapeutic strategies. Medical and surgical available treatments mainly manage disease symptoms and prevent deterioration, but do not focus on the repair of lost cardiomyocytes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising tool for heart repair and regeneration after injury, as they possess unique properties, such as the potential for differentiation into cardiomyocytes and vascular endothelial cells, immunomodulation, the release of mediators, and paracrine effects. This review focuses on the latest understanding of MSC therapies for cardiac repair, specifically addressing their properties, mechanism of action, preclinical and clinical studies, problems and prospects, and future strategies. MSCs can be isolated from various tissues, including bone marrow and adipose tissue, each with its own advantages and disadvantages in cardiac repair. Many preclinical studies conducted concluded that MSCs could differentiate into cardiomyocytes. MSCs involve multiple factors that enhance angiogenesis, promote the survival of existing myocardium and cardiomyocytes, reduce fibrosis, modulate the immune response, activate existing cardiac stem cells, and facilitate tissue remodeling; all of these processes are crucial in myocardial repair after MI. Although preclinical studies have promising outcomes, the application of MSC therapy in clinical trials has faced many challenges. Clinical trials conducted so far have yielded variable outcomes, with some showing marked improvements and others producing no promising results, indicating less improvement in cardiac function and mortality. This variability may be due to multiple sources, including MSCs, delivery methods, culture conditions, the timing of administration after MI, and patient-dependent factors, such as disease severity, overall patient well-being, and other comorbid conditions. The review concluded that although MSCs have a significant role in cardiac repair, further research is essential for overcoming current challenges to unlocking the maximum regenerative potential of these cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144783670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Risk-Attributable Burden of Peripheral Arterial Disease across Socioeconomic Regions: Insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.","authors":"Chang Sheng, Shen Chen, Pu Yang, Wei Wang","doi":"10.2174/011573403X384355250731031837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573403X384355250731031837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a significant contributor to global morbidity, with regional burdens exhibiting considerable heterogeneity. The PAD burden attributable to metabolic risks across regions with varying socioeconomic levels has yet to be adequately characterized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzes PAD burden attributable to metabolic risks across different socioeconomic regions using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study. We analyzed data on PAD attributable to metabolic risks, including high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), kidney dysfunction (KD), and high body mass index (BMI), across four health systems, four world bank income levels, five Socio-demographic Index (SDI) levels, and 21 GBD regions, from 1990 to 2021. We presented age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rates (ASDR) and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) to assess burden and trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, the burden of PAD due to metabolic risks remained high in regions with higher socioeconomic levels, though it showed a declining trend. Conversely, the burden in regions with lower socioeconomic levels was also high but exhibited an increasing trend. High FPG has become a significant factor in the burden of PAD, particularly in higher socioeconomic regions. Gender disparities in the burden of PAD attributable to metabolic risks were evident, with males exhibiting higher ASMR and ASDR, although females in middle-income regions had slightly elevated ASDRs. Finally, an inverted \"U\" relationship was observed between SDI and burden, with regions around an SDI of 0.75 exhibiting a higher burden of PAD attributable to metabolic risks.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings underscore the urgent need to tailor region-specific public health strategies that account for socioeconomic disparities in metabolic risk exposures contributing to the PAD burden.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Effective public health interventions targeting these metabolic risks are urgently needed, especially in low-socioeconomic regions where the burden remains disproportionately high. Enhanced blood glucose control and early intervention strategies should be prioritized to mitigate the growing impact of PAD globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144783671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing ECG Findings in Pediatric COVID-19 Patients: A Comprehensive Analysis.","authors":"Mohammadreza Naghibi, Shirin Sadat Ghiasi, Rasoul Raesi, Feisal Rahimpour","doi":"10.2174/011573403X354415250727070214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573403X354415250727070214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>COVID-19 can be associated with varying degrees of cardiac involvement in children, such that myocardial damage can be caused directly by the COVID-19 virus itself or systemic inflammation caused by the infection. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating ECG findings in children with COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a prospective cross-sectional study that was conducted by census method on 764 children with COVID-19 in hospitals related to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2022. The data were extracted using a checklist including clinical information and medical records of the patients and analyzed using descriptive and statistical tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>764 children with COVID-19 were examined, of which 385 (51%) were male. The studied patients included MISC (25.9%), Kawasaki-like disease (0.3%), pulmonary (12.7%), and gastrointestinal (2%) involvements. More than half of the patients (58%, 444 patients) showed changes in echocardiography findings, including mitral valve insufficiency, dilation of one or more cardiac chambers, and pericardial effusion. 98.8% of patients had NAX. AVB grade I was found in 26 patients (3.4%). Abnormal ST-T segments were observed in 25 patients (3.3%). The prevalence rate of S wave fragmentation was 2.8% (21), and fragmented R waves were found in 13 patients (1.7%).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) had a higher amount of disorder for each parameter change. Additionally, a significant association was found between the higher occurrence of AV node block and arrhythmia with clinical status (p<0.05), with the same higher rate in patients kept in the ICU.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ECG findings can be used to predict the presence or absence of myocardial involvement as well as its severity. Furthermore, patients with changes in ST-T fQRS and PR interval are more likely to experience cardiac involvement, which could result in a poorer prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144774868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Anthocyanins in Cardiovascular Health: A Review.","authors":"Sangeeta Yadav, Alka Sharma, Sonam Bishnoi, Mukesh Gaur, Devyani Tomar, Akash Kumar","doi":"10.2174/011573403X372621250716123921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573403X372621250716123921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anthocyanins are natural polyphenols found in various fruits and vegetables, offering numerous health benefits. Clinical studies suggest that anthocyanin supplementation may regulate blood pressure, improve lipid profiles, reduce triglycerides (TG), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), cytokines, and platelet aggregation, while also reducing arterial stiffness. The multiple pathways, including the downregulation of proinflammatory markers and suppression of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway, prevention of lipoprotein oxidation, enhancement of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, improvement of endothelial function, and modulation of the gut microbiota, collectively contribute to managing cardiac health. However, some clinical studies have found no significant positive impact of anthocyanins on cardiovascular disease, possibly due to the varied form, stability, dosage, and study duration. Therefore, future research should investigate anthocyanin stability, establish standardised therapeutic strategies, and conduct large-scale longitudinal studies to elucidate the impact of anthocyanin consumption on cardiovascular health and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac Cancer: An Evidence-Based Study of Occurrence.","authors":"Zahra Tolou-Ghamari","doi":"10.2174/011573403X349291250716112053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573403X349291250716112053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>From 1931 to 2025, spanning 94 years, cardiac cancer has remained a rare and sporadic tumor that poses both an investigative dilemma and a therapeutic challenge. Autopsy findings indicate that the incidence of primary cardiac malignancies is approximately 0.02 percent. Surgical resection is considered a viable and often successful treatment option.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The present study aims to provide an overall assessment of cardiac cancer in Isfahan Province, Iran.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To provide detailed information on specific aspects, such as frequency and demographic characteristics of cardiac cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The representative data of this study were drawn from the general population of Isfahan Province. SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) data were obtained from the Deputy of Health, Division of Registry of Cancer (between 2011 and 2015). With attention to subject selection (the authors followed the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) Guidelines), and according to the ICDO topography code, C38 was considered for further investigation as heart cancer or cardiac tumors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, a total of 30,465 cancer patients were recorded, comprising 14,638 females and 15,827 males. Among these, 122 cases (0.4 percent) were identified as cardiac cancer, including 42 females and 80 males. The patients' ages ranged from 3 to 95 years, with a mean age of 46.8 ± 21.5 years. The annual distribution of reported cardiac tumors during the study period was as follows: 34, 37, 18, and 33 cases, respectively. Based on available data from the monographic code M, which does not specify subtypes, the following conditions were recorded: mesothelioma (n = 25), neoplasm (n = 11), Hodgkin lymphoma, nodular sclerosis, NOS (n = 14), and other unspecified conditions. A total of three deaths were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the population studied, the frequency of cardiac cancer in men was significantly higher than in women. Age related to cardiac cancer in 51% was between 40-70 years old. For the patient satisfaction and financial aspects of the Iranian health system, further consideration is suggested regarding referral systems, evidence-based pharmacotherapy, and post-surgery outcome inquiries.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergent Valve Repair for Severe Traumatic Acute Tricuspid Regurgitation in Polytrauma Patients: A Case Report.","authors":"José Manuel Martínez Cereijo, Laura Reija Lopez, Beatriz Acuña Pais, Belén Adrio Nazar, Javier García Carro, Jose Andrés Donoso Mera, Souhayla Souaf Khalafi, Angel Fernández González","doi":"10.2174/011573403X385402250709053830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573403X385402250709053830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traumatic tricuspid regurgitation resulting from blunt chest trauma is a rare complication, and the surgical options remain unclear Case Presentation: We describe the case of a 19-year-old male who sustained polytrauma in a scooter accident. Concomitant medical findings included massive right hemothorax, splenic burst with active bleeding, hemoperitoneum, L1-L3 spinous apophysis fracture, and 2 rib arches. Despite 6 hours of medical treatment, including high doses of noradrenaline and dobutamine, complete stabilization was not achieved. A transesophageal echocardiogram was performed, which revealed tricuspid valve damage, with one leaflet flaring due to rupture of the papillary muscle (impression of the anterior leaflet). An emergent surgery was performed, and the valve was repaired with excellent outcomes. Additionally, hemodynamic stability was achieved postsurgery, and the repair proved to be effective and durable in the medium term.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Severe traumatic acute tricuspid regurgitation in polytrauma patients can lead to cardiogenic shock and may require emergent correction of the valvopathy, as demonstrated in this case. In instances of traumatic acute tricuspid regurgitation caused by papillary muscle rupture, valve repair is a feasible approach and has shown favorable outcomes at midterm followup. Given the complex medical conditions associated with polytrauma and the typically young age of these patients, particular emphasis was placed on preserving the native valve.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Perturbations of Epigenetic Processes in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrotic Scarring.","authors":"Brijesh Kumar Duvey, Devkant Sharma, Vishnu Mittal, Anjali Sharma","doi":"10.2174/011573403X354902250708134633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573403X354902250708134633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cardiac hypertrophy and fibrotic scarring are fundamental contributors to the progression of heart failure and are associated with poor clinical outcomes. Recent advancements in cardiovascular research have emphasized the central role of epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs, in regulating the gene expression changes underlying these pathological processes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Predefined keywords and inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied to select relevant studies focusing on epigenetic regulation in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Particular attention was given to studies involving DNA methyltransferases, TET enzymes, histone deacetylases, demethylases, chromatin remodeling complexes, and non-coding RNAs. Methodological transparency was ensured through a structured screening and data extraction process.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review highlights the dynamic regulation of cardiac gene expression by epigenetic factors. DNA methylation and demethylation influence fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix deposition. Histone-modifying enzymes reshape chromatin architecture, altering transcriptional accessibility. Chromatin remodeling complexes regulate nucleosome positioning during stress responses. Emerging insights into epigenetic memory and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance further reveal the heritable nature of disease susceptibility.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These epigenetic perturbations collectively orchestrate the maladaptive gene expression patterns seen in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Understanding their roles provides a mechanistic basis for identifying biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The review also discusses recent omics-based technologies that aid in the characterization of epigenetic alterations, thereby expanding diagnostic and therapeutic horizons.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Epigenetic mechanisms are pivotal in the development and progression of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Advances in epigenomic profiling are facilitating the development of precise and targeted interventions. This review underscores the potential of epigenetic therapies and calls for intensified research efforts to translate these findings into clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Tools in Myocardial Infarction Prognosis: Evaluating the Performance of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models.","authors":"Cyntia Szymańska, Artur Baszko","doi":"10.2174/011573403X380162250706094642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573403X380162250706094642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In clinical practice, mortality risk assessment in patients with myocardial infarction often relies on scales such as GRACE and TIMI. However, these scales were developed based on cohorts assembled many years ago. Since then, numerous changes have occurred, ranging from shifts in MI patient profiles to the introduction of new antiplatelet medications and the adoption of more restrictive lipid therapy targets. To address this issue, researchers are working to develop new stratification tools. Artificial intelligence (AI), which finds applications in nearly every area of medicine, also presents solutions to this problem. This review includes sixteen papers that contain machine learning and deep learning models used to prognosticate mortality risk at different points. Machine learning (ML) models, such as random forest, gradient boosting, and support vector machines, have demonstrated good to excellent performance. However, no single algorithm appears to be top-performing. Although artificial neural networks are considered one of the most promising algorithms, they do not invariably outperform other ML methods. The adaptability of AI models to various scenarios and their ability to handle complex datasets reassures us of their potential in cardiology. Concerning variables that influence the risk of mortality, most are well-established factors, such as age, left-ventricular ejection fraction, lipid parameters, and B-type natriuretic peptide. Additionally, less apparent indicators include platelet parameters, neutrophil count, and blood urea nitrogen. In conclusion, utilizing AI-based models in myocardial infarction risk stratification presents a significant opportunity to develop effective and tailored tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}