{"title":"Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in Transformationsländern","authors":"Marcello Signorelli","doi":"10.15185/IZAWOL.401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/IZAWOL.401","url":null,"abstract":"The 2008 financial crisis and subsequent Great Recession created a second major employment shock in less than a generation in several transition economies. In particular, youth unemployment rates, which are usually higher than adult rates in normal times, reached extremely high levels and partly tended to persist over time. Improving youth labor market performance should therefore be a top priority for policymakers in affected transition countries. Better understanding of the dynamics of national and regional youth unemployment rates and other associated indicators is particularly important for designing effective policy approaches.","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"246 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124131198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The value of financial literacy and financial education for workers","authors":"P. Michaud","doi":"10.15185/IZAWOL.400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/IZAWOL.400","url":null,"abstract":"The level of financial literacy in developed countries is low and contributes to growing wealth inequality. Benefits from increasing the level of financial literacy include more effective saving for retirement and better debt management. However, there are significant costs in terms of time and money of acquiring financial literacy, which imply that the net value of acquiring financial literacy is heterogeneous in the population. This potentially makes designing effective interventions difficult.","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125994772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Weniger Rückfallkriminalität durch Beschäftigung nach Haftentlassung","authors":"Kevin Schnepel","doi":"10.15185/IZAWOL.399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/IZAWOL.399","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of individuals released from prison face limited employment opportunities and do not successfully reintegrate into society. The inability to find stable work is often cited as a key determinant of failed re-entry (or “recidivism”). However, empirical evidence that demonstrates a causal impact of job opportunities on recidivism is sparse. In fact, several randomized evaluations of employment-focused programs find increases in employment but little impact on recidivism. Recent evidence points to wages and job quality as important determinants of recidivism among former prisoners.","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114933971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Working hours: past, present and future","authors":"P. Dolton","doi":"10.15185/IZAWOL.406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/IZAWOL.406","url":null,"abstract":"Working hours across the world are falling, but considerable variation remains. In some countries people work 70% more hours per year, on average, than in other countries. Much of this variation is due to differences in the prevalence of part-time work and patterns of female labor market participation. Looking ahead, the question of how reducing working hours will affect productivity is significant. In addition, how individuals divide up their leisure and work time and what the appropriate work−life balance is in an increasingly technological future are important concerns.","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127361438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Political connectedness and formal finance in transition economies","authors":"K. Ruziev","doi":"10.15185/IZAWOL.398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/IZAWOL.398","url":null,"abstract":"Although small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) represent more than 90% of all enterprises and play an important role in employment generation, they lack access to affordable formal finance. Conventionally, market failures and information imperfections are seen as majorcauses of this misallocation. However, the role of social and political factors in resource allocation, including access to formal finance, has recently become more widely accepted. Firm-level evidence from post-communist economies, for example, shows that political connectedness improves access to bank credit, but is not associated with enterprise growth.","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115574288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How digital payments can benefit entrepreneurs","authors":"Leora Klapper","doi":"10.15185/IZAWOL.396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/IZAWOL.396","url":null,"abstract":"Digital payment systems can conveniently and affordably connect entrepreneurs with banks, employees, suppliers, and new markets for their goods and services. These systems can accelerate business registration and payments for business licenses and permits by reducing travel time and expenses. Digital financial services can also improve access to savings accounts and loans. Electronic wage payments to workers can increase security and reduce the time and cost of paying employees. Yet, there are challenges as many entrepreneurs and employees lack bank accounts, digital devices, and reliable technology infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124797930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Por qué aumenta el empleo a tiempo parcial en los períodos de recesión","authors":"Daniel Borowczyk-Martins","doi":"10.15185/izawol.397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/izawol.397","url":null,"abstract":"The share of workers employed part-time increases substantially in economic downturns. How should this phenomenon be interpreted? One hypothesis is that part-time jobs are more prevalent in sectors that are less sensitive to the business cycle, so that recessionary changes in the sectoral composition of employment explain the increase in part-time employment. The evidence shows, however, that this hypothesis only accounts for a small part of the story. Instead, the growth of part-time work operates mainly through reductions in working hours in existing jobs.","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115341984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sind genetische Daten für die Politikgestaltung von Nutzen","authors":"Weili Lehrer Steven F. Ding","doi":"10.15185/izawol.395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/izawol.395","url":null,"abstract":"Umfang und Verfügbarkeit individueller molekulargenetischer Daten nehmen rapide zu. Häufig wird darin die Chance gesehen, Gene zu identifizieren, die bestimmte sozioökonomische Resultate wie Bildungsniveau und Geburtenhäufigkeit beeinflussen. Andere bezweifeln diesen positiven Nutzen oder erachten die Bedrohung der Privatsphäre als zu gravierend. Die neuere Forschung legt nahe, dass im Rahmen einer effektiven und verantwortungsvollen Nutzung genetischer Daten in der Tat wichtige Erkenntnisse für die Gestaltung der Sozialund Bildungspolitik gewonnen werden können.","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115430519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Informalität durch bessere Schulbildung verringern","authors":"Daniel Soares Rodrigo R. Haanwinckel","doi":"10.15185/izawol.394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/izawol.394","url":null,"abstract":"Viele Entwicklungsländer versuchen den hohen Anteil informeller Beschäftigung durch schärfere Kontrollen gesetzlicher Auflagen, befristete Arbeitsverträge oder Anpassungen bei der Besteuerung von Kleinunternehmen zurückzudrängen. Als langfristig effektiver könnten sich jedoch Maßnahmen zur Förderung von Bildung und Qualifikation erweisen. Hochqualifizierte Arbeitskräfte werden typischerweise in größeren, kapitalintensiveren Unternehmen eingesetzt, die meist formelle Arbeitsverhältnisse anbieten. Wenn qualifizierte und ungelernte Arbeitskräfte im Produktionsprozess komplementär sind, steigen auch die Löhne für geringqualifizierte Tätigkeiten, was zur weiteren Verringerung der Informalität beiträgt.","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"44 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131294847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The influence of occupational licensing and regulation","authors":"M. Kleiner","doi":"10.15185/IZAWOL.392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/IZAWOL.392","url":null,"abstract":"Since the end of World War II, occupational licensing has been one of the fastest growing labor market institutions in the developed world. The economics literature suggests that licensing can influence wage determination, the speed at which workers find employment, pension and health benefits, and prices. Moreover, there is little evidence to show that licensing improves service quality, health, or safety in developed nations. So, why is occupational licensing is growing when there are such well-established costs to the public?","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127110276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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