{"title":"The labor market in the Netherlands, 2001–2016","authors":"J. Hartog, W. Salverda","doi":"10.15185/IZAWOL.418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/IZAWOL.418","url":null,"abstract":"The Netherlands is an example of a highly institutionalized labor market that places considerable attention on equity concerns. The government and social partners (unions and industry associations) seek to adjust labor market arrangements to meet the challenges of increased international competition, stronger claims on labor market positions by women, and the growing population share of immigrants and their children. The most notable developments since 2001 are the significant rise in part-time and flexible work arrangements as well as rising inequalities.","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125249989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The labor market in Israel, 2000-2016","authors":"Tali Larom, Osnat Lifshitz","doi":"10.15185/IZAWOL.415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/IZAWOL.415","url":null,"abstract":"Following a decline in employment and participation rates during the 1980s and 1990s, Israel managed to reverse these trends during the last 15 years. This was accompanied by a substantial decrease in unemployment. New labor force participants are mostly from the low end of the education distribution, and many are relatively old. They entered the labor force in response to cuts in welfare payments and increases in the mandatory retirement age. Net household income for all population groups has increased due to growth in labor income; however, inequality between households has increased.","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129316443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efectos económicos de las diferencias dialectales","authors":"Jens Suedekum","doi":"10.15185/IZAWOL.414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/IZAWOL.414","url":null,"abstract":"Los países no son áreas de mercados perfectamente integradas. Incluso si las diferencias institucionales son mucho más pequeñas por dentro que entre países, existen diferencias culturales locales persistentes. Estas diferencias actúan como barreras que reducen el intercambio económico: los flujos de migración bilateral, comercio, y dispersión de conocimientos son menores, y las personas discriminan contra dialectos no conocidos. También actúan como límites naturales hasta el grado de integración de un mercado laboral, y no pueden (y quizás no deberían) verse afectados fácilmente por las políticas. Los dialectos locales, desarrollados durante siglos, ofrecen una oportunidad única para medir estas barreras.","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114549066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The changing of the French labor market, 2000–2017","authors":"Philippe Askenazy","doi":"10.15185/IZAWOL.412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/IZAWOL.412","url":null,"abstract":"France has the second largest population in the EU. Since 2000, the French labor market has undergone substantial changes resulting from striking trends, some of which were catalyzed by the Great Recession. The most interesting of these have been the massive improvement in the education of the labor force (especially of women), the resilience of employment during the Great Recession (albeit with a very late recovery), and the dramatic emergence of very short-term employment contracts and low-income independent contractors, which together fueled earnings inequality.","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133098584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"El beneficio de saber idiomas en las economías en transición","authors":"Astghik Mavisakalyan","doi":"10.15185/IZAWOL.416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/IZAWOL.416","url":null,"abstract":"El valor económico de los conocimientos lingüísticos está ampliamente reconocido. Según datos empíricos recientes, los conocimientos de inglés son beneficiosos en los países en transición, mientras que los conocimientos de ruso también siguen teniendo valor económico en la antigua Unión Soviética. Sin embargo, el conocimiento de idiomas puede acarrear costes importantes cuando indica el estatus de una minoría o cuando existen diferencias lingüísticas en la calidad de la educación. Estos costes deben tenerse en cuenta al hacer recomendaciones políticas, especialmente al pensar en el fomento de lenguas nacionales por encima del ruso. DISCURSO DE ASCENSOR","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116159407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Replication in labor economics","authors":"W. R. Reed, N. Zealand.","doi":"10.15185/IZAWOL.413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/IZAWOL.413","url":null,"abstract":"There is growing concern that much of the empirical research in labor economics and other applied areas may not be reproducible. Correspondingly, recent years have seen an increase in replication studies published in economics journals. Despite this increase, there are many unresolved issues about how replications should be done, and how to interpret their results. Replications have demonstrated a potential for clarifying the reliability and robustness of previous research. Much can be done to encourage more replication research, and to exploit the scientific value of existing replication studies.","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123304914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The labor market in Austria, 2000–2016","authors":"R. Böheim","doi":"10.15185/IZAWOL.408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/IZAWOL.408","url":null,"abstract":"Austria is an interesting economy due to its strong industrial relations with institutionalized collective bargaining over wage negotiations and working conditions. Currently, Austria’s GDP per capita is high, but unemployment, although comparably low on an international scale, is not declining in the aftermath of the financial crisis. The labor market is also characterized by an increasing share of mostly low-skilled foreign workers. High marginal labor taxes discourage low-skilled workers from leaving social assistance.","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121623198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The labor market in Italy, 2000-2016","authors":"Francesca Marino, L. Nunziata","doi":"10.15185/IZAWOL.407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/IZAWOL.407","url":null,"abstract":"The Italian labor market suffered a sizable negative shock from the double-dip recession and has since experienced a moderate recovery beginning in 2014. Despite some improvement, unemployment remains higher than pre-crisis levels, especially for young workers. Female participation has been slowly increasing. Regional heterogeneity is still high, with the stagnating south unable to catch up with the north. Real earnings have been increasing, but productivity is stable at relatively low levels compared to other European countries. Finally, undeclared employment is high, especially in the south.","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"274 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131414297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uso de habilidades en el trabajo: oportunidad y motivación","authors":"G. Russo","doi":"10.15185/IZAWOL.409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/IZAWOL.409","url":null,"abstract":"Las tecnologías, las estrategias del mercado de productos y otras características organizacionales afectan al modo de agrupar tareas para crear un puesto de trabajo. El diseño de este determina qué habilidades necesitará el trabajador para desempeñarlo con eficacia. Pero son las personas las que tienen las habilidades y las organizaciones deben encontrar los incentivos que motiven a los trabajadores para usar sus habilidades. Esto no es fácil y los errores en el diseño de incentivos pueden tener consecuencias desastrosas para las empresas. Los responsables políticos deben complementar las intervenciones dirigidas a capacitar a los trabajadores con aquellas dirigidas a aumentar el uso de las habilidades. DISCURSO DE ASCENSOR","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114459834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Der dänische Arbeitsmarkt, 2000–2016","authors":"Torben M. Andersen","doi":"10.15185/IZAWOL.404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/IZAWOL.404","url":null,"abstract":"Denmark is often highlighted as a “flexicurity” country characterized by rather lax employment protection legislation, generous unemployment insurance, and active labor market policies. Despite a sharp and prolonged decline in employment in the wake of the Great Recession, high job turnover and wage adjustments worked to prevent long-term and thus structural unemployment from increasing. While many have been affected by unemployment, most unemployment spells have been short, which has muted the effects on long-term and youth unemployment. Recent years have seen a sequence of reforms to boost labor supply and employment, including measures targeting the young, the elderly, and immigrants.","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124122465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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