Bert van Landeghem, Ludo Struyven, Bert van Landeghem, Sam Desiere
{"title":"Statistical profiling of unemployed jobseekers","authors":"Bert van Landeghem, Ludo Struyven, Bert van Landeghem, Sam Desiere","doi":"10.15185/IZAWOL.483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/IZAWOL.483","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical profiling can help identify individuals at risk of becoming long-term unemployed and highlight appropriate predictive variables. However, such models do not unravel the mechanisms behind these relationships, and will hence not inform directly about suitable policies to tackle long-term unemployment. It is also not straightforward to evaluate whether targeted policies are effective. Additionally, policymakers who consider relying on statistical profiling to direct jobseekers to job counseling, training programs, or other social programs should evaluate the ethical implications: individuals are often misclassified and statistical profiling can reinforce patterns of discrimination. ELEVATOR PITCH","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114509144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"European asylum policy before and after the migration crisis","authors":"T. Hatton","doi":"10.15185/izawol.480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/izawol.480","url":null,"abstract":"The migration crisis of 2015–2016 threw the European asylum system into disarray. The arrival of more than two million unauthorized migrants stretched the system to its breaking point and created a public opinion backlash. The existing system is one in which migrants risk life and limb to gain (often unauthorized) entry to the EU in order to lodge claims for asylum, more than half of which are rejected. Reforms introduced during the crisis only partially address the system's glaring weaknesses. In particular, they shift the balance only slightly away from a regime of spontaneous asylum-seeking to one of refugee resettlement.","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134107434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bonuses and performance evaluations","authors":"Dirk Sliwka","doi":"10.15185/izawol.478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/izawol.478","url":null,"abstract":"Economists have for a long time argued that performance-based bonuses raise performance. Indeed, many firms use bonuses tied to individual performance to motivate their employees. However, there has been heated debate among human resources professionals recently, and some firms have moved away from individual performance bonuses toward fixed wages only or collective performance incentive schemes such as profit-sharing or team incentives. The appropriate approach depends on each company's unique situation, and managers need to realize that individual bonus plans are not a panacea to motivate employees.","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116911925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wie gut passen Studierende an ihre Hochschulen","authors":"Gillian Murphy Richard Wyness","doi":"10.15185/IZAWOL.477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/IZAWOL.477","url":null,"abstract":"Das Ausmaß der Übereinstimmung zwischen den Fähigkeiten von Studierenden und der Qualität der jeweiligen Hochschule wird intensiv erforscht, sowohl in Bezug auf ein „Overmatching“ (Studierende sind zunächst leistungsschwächer als vergleichbare Kommilitonen ) als auch hinsichtlich von „Undermatching“ (Studierende entscheiden sich für eine Institution mit überwiegend schwächeren Kommilitonen). Beides ist für den Studienerfolg relevant: In der Theorie könnte der Kontakt zu überwiegend Leistungsstärkeren von Vorteil sein, doch die Forschung zeigt, dass solch ein Overmatch auch den eigenen Hochschulabschluss unwahrscheinlicher machen kann. Durch Undermatch unterforderte Studierende weisen hingegen ein geringeres späteres Verdienstniveau auf.","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116988981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interne Stellenbesetzung oder externe Rekrutierung","authors":"Jed DeVaro","doi":"10.15185/IZAWOL.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/IZAWOL.237","url":null,"abstract":"Hiring is one of a firm’s most important decisions. When an employer fills a vacancy with one of its own workers (through promotion or lateral transfer), it forgoes the opportunity to fill the position with a new hire from outside the firm. Although both internal and external hiring methods are used, firms frequently have a bias favoring insiders. Internal and external hires differ in observable characteristics (such as skill levels), as do the employers making each type of hiring decision. Understanding those differences helps employers design and manage hiring policies that are appropriate for their organizations.","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128137949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Migration and human capital accumulation in China","authors":"J. Giles","doi":"10.15185/izawol.476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/izawol.476","url":null,"abstract":"The difference in educational attainment between China's urban- and rural-born populations has widened in recent years, and the relatively low educational attainment of the rural-born is a significant obstacle to raising labor productivity. Rural-to-urban migration does not create incentives to enroll in higher education as the availability of low-skill employment in urban areas makes remaining in school less attractive. In addition, the child-fostering and urban schooling arrangements for children of migrants further inhibit human capital accumulation.","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126887190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sobreeducación, desajuste de capacidades y resultados del mercado laboral para graduados universitarios","authors":"Peter J. Sloane","doi":"10.15185/IZAWOL.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/IZAWOL.88","url":null,"abstract":"There is evidence that many college graduates are employed in jobs for which a degree is not required, and in which the skills they learned in college are not being fully used. Most of the literature on educational or skill mismatch is based on cross-sectional data, providing information at just one point in time. Drawing meaningful conclusions about mismatch, its dynamics, and its relationship to wages, job satisfaction, and job mobility requires panel data, which can reach more nuanced conclusions by allowing for individual differences, e.g. choosing a job because it offers compensation.","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114626589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Der Arbeitsmarkt in der Schweiz, 2000-2018","authors":"Rafael Lalive","doi":"10.15185/IZAWOL.402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/IZAWOL.402","url":null,"abstract":"Switzerland is a small country with rich cultural and geographic diversity. The Swiss unemployment rate is low, at only about half the OECD average. The rate has remained at that level since the year 2000, despite a massive increase in the foreign labor force, the Great Recession, and a currency appreciation shock, demonstrating the Swiss labor market’s impressive resiliency. However, challenges do exist, particularly related to earnings and employment gaps among foreign and native workers, as well as a narrowing but persistent gender pay gap. Additionally, regional differences in unemployment are significant.","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115074639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The labor market in Switzerland, 2000–2018","authors":"R. Lalive, Tobias A. Lehmann","doi":"10.15185/izawol.402.v2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/izawol.402.v2","url":null,"abstract":"Switzerland is a small country with rich cultural and geographic diversity. The Swiss unemployment rate is low, at around 4%. The rate has remained at that level since the year 2000, despite a massive increase in the foreign labor force, the Great Recession, and a currency appreciation shock, demonstrating the Swiss labor market's impressive resiliency. However, challenges do exist, particularly related to earnings and employment gaps between foreign and native workers, as well as a narrowing but persistent gender pay gap. Additionally, regional differences in unemployment are significant.","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134291050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The labor market in South Africa, 2000–2017","authors":"J. Mosomi","doi":"10.15185/izawol.475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15185/izawol.475","url":null,"abstract":"The South African economy was on a positive growth trajectory from 2003 to 2008 but, like other economies around the world, it was not spared from the effects of the 2008 global financial crisis. The economy has not recovered and employment in South Africa has not yet returned to its pre-crisis levels. Overall inequality has not declined, and median wages seem to have stagnated in the post-apartheid period. Labor force participation has been stable and although progress has been made, gender imbalances persist.","PeriodicalId":108318,"journal":{"name":"The IZA World of Labor","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123391079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}