Current Medical Research and Opinion最新文献

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2537485","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2537485","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"i"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in follow-up care after a new diagnosis of memory loss or cognitive impairment in a major health system.","authors":"Sandra Darling, Elizabeth R Pfoh, Ava Rezaee, Jordan Alpert, Ardeshir Hashmi, Kathryn A Martinez","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2530735","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2530735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Patterns of follow-up care after a new diagnosis of memory loss or cognitive impairment among primary care patients are not well-characterized. We described factors associated with diagnosis and follow-up type.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is an observational study using electronic health record data, including patients aged ≥40 years newly diagnosed with memory loss or cognitive impairment <i>via</i> primary care of a major health system in Northeast Ohio and Florida. We assessed differences in the odds of diagnosis of memory loss versus cognitive impairment. We then characterized follow-up care as: 1) medication, 2) labs, or 3) imaging, and 4) any follow-up type. We used mixed effects logistic regression to estimate the odds of follow-up care in four models, adjusting to patient factors, region, and diagnosis type.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 21,854 patients, 84% were diagnosed with memory loss and 16% were diagnosed with cognitive impairment. Black patients (versus White) had higher odds of being diagnosed with cognitive impairment versus memory loss. Overall, 49.2% received any follow-up care; 39.7% received labs, 16.7% received imaging, and 5.4% medication. Versus those diagnosed with memory loss, patients diagnosed with cognitive impairment had lower odds of any follow-up (aOR:0.74; 95%CI:0.67-0.81), lower odds of lab orders (aOR:0.70; 95%CI:0.60-0.83), but higher odds of medication (aOR:1.65; 95%CI:1.34-2.04). Compared to patients seen in Ohio, those in Florida had lower odds of any follow-up (aOR:0.56; 95%CI:0.47-0.67).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Diagnosis type varied by some non-clinical factors and this was associated with follow-up care. Standardization of initial diagnostic and follow-up approach is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"969-976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144583321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalized anxiety disorder: epidemiology, burden, and comorbid depression.","authors":"Annie Druet-Cabanac, Jessica Azzi, Marco Lucchino, Virginie Simon, Lucile Offredo, Jean-Baptiste Briere, Sean Hood","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2529974","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2529974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common long-term psychiatric disorder with varying prevalence in epidemiological studies. The burden of GAD is high and associated risk factors are not well documented in the general population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational retrospective study of US adult patients with GAD used Optum's de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart Database to explore epidemiology, patient characteristics, risk factors, and disease burden. Adults with GAD were matched with a control general population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,086,618 US patients with GAD were included: mean patient age was 49.4 ± 19.1 years and 66.5% were female. Incidence of GAD increased from 0.8% in 2012 to 2.4% in 2022. One-year prevalence of GAD increased from 2.1% in 2012 to 7.4% in 2022. Individuals with GAD utilized healthcare resources more frequently than the matched control population. Retrospectively-assessed risk factors most associated with GAD were pre-existing major depressive disorder (odds ratio [OR] 5.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.03, 5.08; <i>p</i> < 0.001), family problems (OR 2.83 95% CI: 2.76, 2.89; <i>p</i> < 0.001), SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 2.53; 95% CI: 2.48, 2.57; <i>p</i> < 0.001), employment difficulties (OR 2.48; 95% CI: 2.36, 2.60; <i>p</i> < 0.01), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (OR 2.19; 95% CI: 2.17, 2.21; <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Risk factors, particularly depressive symptoms, should be acknowledged during the diagnosis and management of patients with GAD to support optimal clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"1053-1064"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144559468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical outcome assessment may be a more useful tool for supporting inflammatory bowel disease clinical practice than just patient-reported outcome measures.","authors":"Nagesh Kamat, Gaurav Patil, Ankit Dalal, Amit Maydeo","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2536610","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2536610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease approach their treating specialists with a multitude of symptoms. The responses from patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) are challenging to assess and generalize. Most patients who have active disease are happy to discuss their health concerns and get them resolved. Some are wary of the consequences, such as the need for additional investigations, getting hospitalized, intensification of drug therapy or the need for more frequent follow-up. If research surveys or PROM are returned, patients will likely hide sensitive details. They may not reveal the truth, and even though most research surveys are anonymous, the details could be biased. Many patients underreport embarrassing behaviours and thoughts in interviews. Some patient's tendency to deceive remains strong, as there is no motivation to be truthful. Patients often second-guess what the clinician wants to know and then change their answers (socially desirable responding) depending on the survey setting, which can impact study findings. PROM might not be sufficient on their own as reliable measures to reflect disease activity or severity. Research surveys can result in significant misreporting on sensitive topics. The need of the hour is to have flexible endpoints, which can be achieved by appropriate use of clinical outcome assessment wherein treating clinicians' objective observations and assessment are considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"1041-1045"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of insulin adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Huda Jassim Muhammad, Radhwan M Hussein, Muntadher Zmezim, Ali Fawzi Al-Hussainy, Haneen Hussein Farhood, Iman Hussein Naser, Hamid Alghurabi","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2517697","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2517697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder requiring insulin therapy as β-cell function declines. Despite insulin's proven efficacy, adherence remains a significant challenge. This study aims to identify factors influencing insulin adherence among patients with T2D to inform targeted clinical interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary diabetes clinic, recruiting adult patients with T2D on insulin therapy for at least six months. A structured, validated questionnaire was administered in person to collect demographic, clinical, and treatment-related data, along with patient beliefs about insulin. Insulin adherence was defined as taking ≥80% of prescribed doses over the past month. Statistical analysis included univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify independent predictors of adherence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 111 patients, 49 (44.1%) were adherent, while 62 (55.9%) were non-adherent. Adherence was associated with male gender, higher education levels, smoking abstinence, and adherence to recommended diet and exercise regimens. Non-adherent patients had a higher prevalence of family history of diabetes, more diabetic complications, increased comorbidities, and more frequent hospitalizations. Self-injection of insulin and regular self-monitoring of blood glucose were linked to better adherence, whereas fear of injections and the use of herbal medicine were associated with lower adherence. Negative beliefs about insulin were not significantly different between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Insulin adherence in T2D is influenced by lifestyle, clinical, and practical treatment factors rather than negative beliefs alone. Addressing practical barriers, such as fear of injection and alternative treatment use, through patient education and supportive interventions may improve adherence rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"925-937"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meningococcal B vaccine co-administration in older adolescents and young adults and potential missed opportunities for vaccination in the United States: a retrospective claims database analysis.","authors":"Oscar Herrera-Restrepo, Jasjit K Multani, Zifan Zhou, Queenie Paltanwale, Tosin Olaiya, Anna D Coutinho, Rajeev B Shah, Chi-Chang Chen","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2522806","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2522806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the United States (US), meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) vaccination is currently recommended under shared clinical decision-making for 16-23-year-olds to prevent invasive meningococcal disease; the MenB vaccine may be co-administered with other vaccines recommended for this age group.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of two US health insurance claims databases was conducted to estimate the proportion of commercially insured and Medicaid-insured 16-23-year-olds with potential missed opportunities for MenB vaccine series initiation <i>via</i> co-administration. Potential missed opportunities were defined as visits with healthcare providers during which other recommended vaccines (MenACWY, Tdap, HPV, influenza, and/or COVID-19) were administered, but not the initial MenB vaccine dose.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2022, 74.5% of commercially insured and 67.1% of Medicaid-insured 16-23-year-olds had potential missed opportunities for MenB vaccination initiation <i>via</i> co-administration. The proportion of missed opportunities was higher among 19-23-year-olds (versus 16-18-year-olds) and lower for visits with pediatricians (versus internists or general practitioners/family physicians). The most frequently co-administered vaccine was the MenACWY vaccine.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Many 16-23-year-olds had potential missed opportunities for MenB series initiation <i>via</i> co-administration. Increasing awareness of the opportunity to initiate the MenB series <i>via</i> co-administration may improve meningococcal vaccination coverage in the US.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"1121-1133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease on sexual activity: United States and European patient perspectives from the communicating needs and features of IBD experiences (CONFIDE) survey.","authors":"Marla C Dubinsky, Alison Potts Bleakman, Stefan Schreiber, David T Rubin, Remo Panaccione, Toshifumi Hibi, Cem Kayhan, Theresa Hunter Gibble, Eoin J Flynn, Angelo D Favia, Tommaso Panni, Christian Atkinson, Sonal Saxena, Simon Travis","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2530736","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2530736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) negatively affect patients' quality-of-life, and their impact on patients' sexual health is rarely addressed. This study assessed the impact of moderate-to-severe UC and CD on sexual activity using United States (US) and European data from the Communicating Needs and Features of IBD Experiences (CONFIDE) survey.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Online, quantitative, cross-sectional surveys were conducted among patients with moderate-to-severe UC or CD and health care professionals (HCPs). Moderate-to-severe UC or CD were defined using criteria based on previous treatment, steroid use, and/or hospitalization. The surveys were developed with input from HCPs and patient advisors and included questions on demographics, UC- or CD-related symptoms, and the impact of UC or CD on sexual health. Patients were asked whether they had avoided/decreased sexual activity in the past 3 months and their UC- or CD-related reasons. Patients and HCPs rated levels of impact of UC or CD on sex life/sexual intimacy and patients rated how bowel urgency interferes with their relationship with spouse/partner. Additionally, questions assessing the psychosocial health of patients and identifying gaps and barriers in HCP-patient communication were also included. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Surveys were completed by 200 US and 556 European patients with UC and 215 US and 547 European patients with CD. Of these, most US (UC: 63%, CD: 69%) and European (UC: 53%, CD: 56%) patients reported avoiding or decreasing sexual activity due to UC or CD in the past 3 months; however, the proportion was significantly greater among US patients (<i>p</i> <.05). Among patients with UC, a significantly greater proportion of female patients reported altered sexual activity due to their disease. A similar proportion of male and female patients with CD reported impaired sexual activity. Most common UC-related reasons for avoidance of sexual activity were bowel urgency among US patients and fear of faecal seepage among European patients. Among patients with CD, the most common reason was fear of bowel urgency-related accidents in both US and European patients. Patients reported a negative impact of bowel urgency on their relationship with spouse/partner.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the US and Europe, most patients reported avoiding or decreasing sexual activity due to moderate-to-severe UC or CD, with bowel urgency and bowel urgency-related accidents being common reasons. Assessing and addressing sexual health in routine clinical care should be considered when treating UC and CD.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"1017-1030"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to colorectal cancer screening with multi-target stool DNA testing among first-time average-risk users in federally qualified health centers.","authors":"Mallik Greene, Timo Pew, Lakshya Sakthisivabalan, Jorge Zapatier, Jeffrey Arroyo, Juliana Vanessa Rincón López, Jordan J Karlitz, Martha Duarte","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2529984","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2529984","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC) provide healthcare services to nearly 30 million people across the United States. Despite this critical role, substantial gaps in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening persist in FQHC populations compared to the general U.S. population. This study evaluated the adherence to multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA) screening among average-risk patients undergoing their first CRC screening at FQHCs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients aged 45-75 years that received care at FQHC clinics and had a valid mt-sDNA test kit shipped between January 1 and December 31, 2023, were included. Patient adherence was defined as the completion and return of the test kit, with a valid test result obtained within 365 days of the initial shipment date. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine patient characteristics associated with adherence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 264,465 patients had a mt-sDNA test kit shipped to them during the study period. The overall adherence to screening was 55.9%, with an average of 37 days from initial shipment date to valid test result. Predictors associated with increased adherence included being commercially insured, having lower social vulnerability scores, older age, female sex, digital patient outreach, living outside a metropolitan area, and living in a ZIP code with higher median household income.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study found that the adherence to mt-sDNA testing in a patient population receiving care at FQHCs was higher than previously reported. This research highlighted several important predictors of improved adherence to mt-sDNA testing, including digital patient outreach as an inexpensive and increasingly utilized tool to enhance CRC screening adherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"983-993"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the modified Daily Symptom Diary (mDSD): a patient-reported outcome measure of dysphagia for eosinophilic esophagitis.","authors":"Elizabeth D Bacci, Christina M Charriez, Christina Slota, Mousumi Biswas, Kathleen W Wyrwich, Carla L Zema, Claudia H M C De Oliveira, Vrunda Patel, Karin S Coyne, Ikuo Hirano","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2533935","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2533935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a progressive, chronic, Type 2 inflammatory and fibrostenotic disease causing dysphagia among other symptoms. Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures are essential for the assessment of EoE symptoms. One such PRO measure is the Daily Symptom Diary (DSD), but its content validity has not been established. This study modified the DSD based on participants' feedback and assessed the content validity of the modified DSD (mDSD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Combined qualitative concept elicitation and cognitive interviews were conducted with adolescents (12-17 years) and adults (18-75 years) with a clinician-confirmed EoE diagnosis. Participants were asked about their symptoms and impacts. They were then asked to complete the DSD/mDSD and discuss its comprehensibility, relevance, and ease-of-use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-one patients (<i>n</i> = 17 adults [mean age: 33.1 years, <i>n</i> = 13 males], <i>n</i> = 4 adolescents [mean age: 15.5 years, <i>n</i> = 3 males]) participated. The most frequently mentioned EoE symptoms were food getting stuck in the throat (<i>n</i> = 21), vomiting/throwing up (<i>n</i> = 17), and difficulty swallowing (<i>n</i> = 13). Following feedback from the first four interviews, the DSD was modified to include two more items, including a separate item for food going down slowly; the mDSD was used thereafter. Participants noted that the mDSD captured their major symptoms (<i>n</i> = 20) and was clear and understandable (<i>n</i> = 20). When asked about meaningful change in symptoms, eight (40%) would consider a reduction of 1-2 days with dysphagia per 7-day period as meaningful.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study confirms the content validity of the mDSD. The measure captured the symptom experience of adolescents and adults with EoE and was relevant and easy to use, supporting its use in clinical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"1031-1039"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144642036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Affordability issues and the need for a reimbursement process of advanced therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases in India.","authors":"Nagesh Kamat, Gaurav Patil, Ankit Dalal, Sanil Parekh, Amit Maydeo","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2534471","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2534471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an aggressive relapsing condition that can develop at a young age and carries a high lifetime risk of medical expenses. Patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease or Ulcerative colitis need biologic therapy for induction and maintenance of remission. The cost of treating these has moved from hospitalization and surgery to biologics, which are partly reimbursed. This review identifies that a handful of insurance companies provide daycare coverage for the biologic infusion, while the injections get reimbursed only on 24-hour admission in India. This varies from patient to patient and from one insurance company to another. The biosimilars of anti-TNFs drive savings but not overall costs. Patients are made to accept substantial costs through deductibles, copayments, and coinsurance. While insurance partially covers the financial risk, healthcare in IBD remains affordable to only some. The manufacturers need to comprehend payers' perspectives to deliver the best possible patient outcomes. The pricing strategies should be indication-specific/volume-based pricing. Small molecules adoption has the potential to disrupt infusion-based reimbursement policies by shifting care to pharmacy-based models, improving access for rural populations. There is a need to implement universal health coverage post which the mortgage model can be used to spread the cost of biologics over time in IBD. The payers' perspective must be considered while determining the cost of the product and include patients in healthcare policy decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"959-967"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}