Current Medical Research and Opinion最新文献

{"title":"Economic consequences of premature mortality due to brain cancer in Spain: a human capital approach.","authors":"Josep Darbà, Meritxell Ascanio","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2538755","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2538755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Although primary malignant brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumours are relatively rare, they contribute disproportionately to cancer-related mortality due to their high fatality rates and aggressive progression. This study quantifies the economic impact of brain cancer-related premature deaths in Spain from a societal perspective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed the human capital approach to estimate productivity losses from brain cancer mortality. Age- and sex-specific mortality, employment rates, and average salaries (2013-2022) were obtained from the Spanish National Statistics Institute. We calculated years of potential labour productive life lost (YPLPLL) and applied a 3% discount rate to estimate the present value of future income losses. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using alternative discount rates (0 and 6%) and varying assumptions about retirement age, wage, and employment rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Brain cancer accounted for 2-3% of all cancer-related deaths in Spain, with a higher burden in men. Approximately 44% of deaths occurred in working-age individuals, resulting in an estimated 157,396 YPLPLL and €2.78 billion in productivity losses over the study period. Sensitivity analyses showed a range of €2.08-3.48 billion. On average, this equates to €309 million annually, or around €8 per working-age individual.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite its low incidence, brain cancer imposes a substantial economic burden due to premature mortality during peak productive years. These findings underscores the importance of enhancing prevention, early diagnosis, and care delivery, particularly in ageing populations and high-income countries such as Spain.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"949-958"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-cultural treatment preferences: a call for diversity in drug development.","authors":"Dana M Dijkgraaf, Pantea Kiani, Maureen N Zijlstra, Joris C Verster","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2537298","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2537298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patient preferences for treatment characteristics-such as dosage form, taste, smell, and ingredients-play a key role in adherence, yet these preferences differ widely across cultures and are frequently overlooked in pharmaceutical development. Prescription medicines must meet strict safety and effectiveness standards, restricting flexibility, whereas over-the-counter supplements allow more freedom, though often without proven benefits. Developing diverse formulations is expensive and time-consuming, and patients need clear guidance to make informed choices without feeling overwhelmed or questioning their doctors. This tension highlights a disconnect between patient desires, scientific validation, and practical feasibility. We urge healthcare providers, pharmaceutical companies, and patients to engage in dialogue to discuss patient preferences and diversity in drug development. By creating treatments that reflect cultural needs and improving patient education, adherence and equity in healthcare can improve, provided the scientific, economic, and logistical hurdles are addressed effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"1047-1051"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why wastewater-based epidemiology must tackle noncommunicable diseases.","authors":"Patrick M D'Aoust","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2529991","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2529991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) landscape has primarily concentrated on high-profile diseases, creating a narrow scope of application. However, there's a significant and significant untapped potential in using WBE to address chronic and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), particularly in developing nations. NCDs, including heart disease and diabetes, now significantly impact low- and middle-income nations, straining their healthcare systems and economies. WBE offers a cost-effective, real-time health monitoring solution and presents a real opportunity for change in global research policy focus to hone into these diseases. By prioritizing research on the detection of chronic illness health markers in wastewater, WBE has the potential to provide accurate community-level health data and guide equitable resource allocation, addressing both high-profile infectious diseases and NCDs simultaneously. However, the potential of WBE in addressing NCDs remains largely untapped by the research community. Effective implementation requires the development of standardized methodologies, effective ethical frameworks, and robust international cooperation. This approach is essential to address the silent epidemic of NCDs effectively and ensure that developing nations are equipped with the tools necessary for sustainable healthcare management and evidence-based policymaking.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"977-981"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment of advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: patient-reported outcomes in the RATIONALE-305 study.","authors":"Marcia Cruz-Correa, Rui-Hua Xu, Markus Moehler, Do-Youn Oh, Ken Kato, David Spigel, Hendrik-Tobias Arkenau, Josep Tabernero, Anastasia V Zimina, Yuxian Bai, Jianhua Shi, Keun-Wook Lee, Hidekazu Hirano, Lucjan Wyrwicz, Roberto Pazo Cid, Hui Xu, Tao Sheng, Gisoo Barnes","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2501588","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2501588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>RATIONALE-305 (NCT03777657) demonstrated that tislelizumab plus chemotherapy statistically improved overall survival versus placebo plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment in patients with advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GC/GEJC). This analysis examined patient-reported outcomes (PROs) at final analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults with previously untreated, unresectable, or metastatic GC/GEJC were randomized (1:1) to tislelizumab or placebo intravenously once every 3 weeks plus chemotherapy. PROs assessed health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-STO22. A mixed model for repeated measures was used for PRO endpoints at treatment cycles 4 and 6, and time to deterioration was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tislelizumab arm had improved outcomes over placebo arm in least-squares (LS) mean change from baseline to cycle 6 for QLQ-C30 global health status/quality of life (GHS/QoL) (LS mean difference, 2.52 [95% CI: 0.29-4.74]), physical functioning (2.46 [0.49-4.43]), fatigue (-3.01 [-5.78 to -0.24]), and STO22 index score (-1.62 [-3.12 to -0.12]) as well as maintenance of upper gastrointestinal symptoms (-1.74 [-3.55-0.06]) and pain/discomfort (-1.88 [-4.03-0.27]). Patients receiving tislelizumab plus chemotherapy had a lower risk for deterioration of GHS/QoL (hazard ratio 0.77 [95% CI: 0.60-0.98]), physical functioning (0.72 [0.57-0.92]), STO22 index score (0.64 [0.45-0.92]), pain/discomfort (0.74 [0.58-0.96]), and upper gastrointestinal symptoms (0.73 [0.56-0.95]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Advanced GC/GEJC patients treated with tislelizumab plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy in first-line had sustained and improved HRQoL. These results, along with previous efficacy and safety data, support tislelizumab plus chemotherapy as a first-line treatment option for GC/GEJC.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The RATIONALE-305 trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03777657).ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03777657.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"1007-1016"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144316064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To create an algorithm assessing the risk of ovarian cancer in primary care using generalized additive² model (GA²M) and traditional methods.","authors":"Francesco Lapi, Ettore Marconi, Lorenzo Nuti, Iacopo Cricelli, Marco Gorini, Stefania Marcoli, Alessandro Rossi, Claudio Cricelli","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2534467","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2534467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to evaluate models designed to support the exploration and early detection of potential Ovarian Cancer (OC) using either Machine Learning (ML) techniques or traditional methodologies, using primary care data. This evaluation aimed to facilitate appropriate and timely referrals to specialists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Health Search database, containing healthcare records of 1 million adults, was used to predict OC cases among patients aged 18+ without prior OC diagnosis from 1 January 2002, to June 2021. GA²M, logistic regression, and Gradient Boosting Machines (GBM) were trained using 20 determinants, with prediction performance assessed via Area Under Curve (AUC) and Average Precision (AP). A traditional cohort design with nested case-control analysis developed a prediction algorithm using the same determinants, evaluating explained variation, AUC, and slope calibration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparing the predictive performances of the three models, the AUC and AP for GA²M showed the highest values, which were equal to 69.1 and 0.7%, respectively. The GA²M-based algorithm outperformed the algorithm obtained with the traditional approach, which showed an overestimation of risk, as confirmed by a calibration slope of 1.75 along with an AUC of 55%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The GA²M-based algorithm outperformed the light GBM, logistic regression, and traditional models in predicting OC. This suggests that ML techniques are preferable for algorithms involving complex predictor interplays in assessing rare event risks, such as OC. The GA²M-based algorithm is reliable for OC prediction in primary care compared to traditional methods, indicating its potential for use in decision support systems for general practitioners.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"939-948"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new strategy for the selection of patients with hip osteoarthritis to avoid inappropriate total hip replacement based on imaging and clinical characteristics.","authors":"Kazuo Hayashi, Yves Henrotin, Toshiharu Tsunoda, Shoji Tokunaga","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2521097","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2521097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Total hip replacement (THR) is extremely common and generally results in excellent patient satisfaction. However, 36% of patients with hip osteoarthritis who undergo THR reportedly experience long-term postoperative pain. Furthermore, only 20% of patients attempt exercise before surgery, despite the recommendation for 3-6 months of conservative treatment before surgery. Despite these facts, the number of THRs performed annually is currently increasing.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To propose and discuss a new strategy based on clinical and radiological characteristics for selecting candidates for Pericapsular Soft Tissue and Pelvic Realignment (PSTP-R) therapies to avoid inappropriate THR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PubMed electronic database was searched to identify publications reporting data from clinical studies on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis in humans published between 1995 and 2023. This narrative review summarizes the findings of these previous studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A previous study reported that PSTP-R therapy comprising pelvic realignment, muscle strengthening, and stretching was effective for patients with a Harris Hip Score (HHS) below 60 points, even those with complete loss of cartilage on radiography. A post hoc study showed that the risk of discontinuation of PSTP-R therapy increased with increasing frequency of pain in the buttock at baseline. Cartilage loss was not a risk factor for withdrawal from PSTP-R therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients should be better informed regarding the benefits of THR and the possibility of persistent postoperative pain. If the patient has complete loss of cartilage on radiography but no buttock pain, PSTP-R therapy might improve their pain and avoid THR.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"995-1006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world clinical outcomes of patients with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis initiating upadacitinib in the United Kingdom: final analysis from a prospective observational cohort study (ENDEAVOUR).","authors":"James Taylor, Srinivasan Srirangan, Marwan Bukhari, Syed Bilgrami, Muhammad K Nisar, Stephen McDonald, Nicola Goodson, Andrew Allard, Alison Kinder, Michael Green, Laura Hunt, Sabrina Raizada, Bruce Kirkham, Eleri Thomas, Rachel Horsfall, Terri-Leigh Niblock, Victoria Burton, James Galloway","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2515280","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2515280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Upadacitinib is recommended by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in the UK in adults with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This observational study assessed real-world clinical outcomes and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients receiving upadacitinib for 6 months in the UK.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients from 14 centres in whom the decision to initiate upadacitinib had already been made were enrolled. Baseline data were retrospectively collected from patient records. Clinician-reported data were collected at routine clinic visits 3 and 6 months after upadacitinib initiation. Patient-reported data were collected directly from patients using an app (electronic PROs, ePROs). The primary end-point was proportion of patients achieving clinical remission (DAS28 CRP <2.6) after 6 months of upadacitinib.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data are available for 63 patients at all three datapoints and for 53 patients for the primary end-point. At 6 months, 40% (21/53) of patients achieved clinical remission and 21% (11/53) achieved low disease activity. Response was seen at 3 months for all efficacy end-points. ePROs allowed the capture of early patient-reported data which demonstrated clinically important improvements in pain and fatigue within 10 days and other PROs within 2 months. Improvements were also seen in metrics of activity, work and quality of life (QOL).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients in ENDEAVOUR showed similar early effectiveness with upadacitinib to that observed in clinical trials. Use of ePROs demonstrated rapid onset of action and meaningful improvements in QOL providing a potential opportunity to reduce outpatient visits for early responders, thus reducing the burden on rheumatology services.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"1097-1109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144316063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical site infections with multi-drug resistant organisms in patients undergoing neurosurgery: a retrospective comparative cohort study from Turkey.","authors":"Yasemin Nadir, Pinar Kiran, Hale Turan Ozden, Sabri Atalay","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2522805","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2522805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are a growing global health threat, contributing to higher morbidity and mortality, particularly for surgical site infections (SSIs). This study investigates the risk factors and outcomes of SSIs caused by MDROs in patients undergoing neurosurgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a retrospective comparative study which included 202 patients that had SSIs after neurosurgical procedures between 2014 and 2024 in Turkey. Patients were divided into two groups according to results of wound culture: MDRO and non-MDRO groups. Binary logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for MDRO-related SSIs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MDRO group (<i>n</i> = 60) had significantly higher all-cause mortality (28.3% vs. 8.5%, <i>p</i> <0.01), ICU admission (81.7% vs. 57%, <i>p</i> = 0.01), and longer hospital stays (30 days vs. 24 days, <i>p</i> = 0.04) compared to the non-MDRO group (<i>n</i> = 142). Emergency surgeries, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade ≥3, corticosteroid use and organ/space SSIs were identified as significant risk factors. Logistic regression analysis revealed that only organ/space SSIs were independently associated with MDRO-related SSIs (<i>p</i> <0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the significance of MDRO-related SSIs in neurosurgery by demonstrating worse clinical outcomes, including higher mortality, prolonged hospital stays, and increased ICU admission rates. By identifying key risk factors, it contributes to the management of SSIs and supports the development of targeted prevention and control strategies in neurosurgical settings. These findings underscore the need for enhanced infection control measures and may inform future clinical guidelines and research aimed at reducing the burden of MDRO infections in neurosurgical patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"1111-1119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the relationship between the inclusion of industry authors and the impact and perception of peer-reviewed scientific publications.","authors":"Sanchaita Sriwal Sonar, Emma Raderschadt, Shivangi Gupta, Stefan Courtney, Rachana Patel","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2527673","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2527673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess whether pharmaceutical industry authorship affects the impact and perceived credibility of clinical publications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A PubMed search for clinical trials in four therapy areas (oncology, cardiometabolism, central nervous system and inflammation), published in peer-reviewed journals between 2018 and 2023, was performed. Industry authors were identified. Publication impact (total citations and X interactions) was analyzed for each paper. A multinational survey of 180 healthcare professionals assessed whether industry authorship affects perception of publications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A weak but significant negative correlation was demonstrated between the percentage of industry authors and academic citations and X interactions (r = -0.10 and r = -0.13, respectively; both <i>p</i> < 0.0001), regardless of journal impact factor or total author number. Papers with ≥50% or lead/last authors from industry had significantly lower citations and X interactions. In the survey, 57% of respondents thought author affiliation and 24% thought industry affiliation were important factors affecting publication credibility. Over half of respondents thought publication credibility decreased due to high numbers (56%) or a majority (61%) of industry authors, and an industry author as lead/last author (57%). 68% associated high numbers of industry authors with a potential for bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These analyses show that industry authorship influences the credibility and impact of scientific publications. It is essential to raise awareness of the pharmaceutical industry's commitment to good publication practices, which ensures authorship is based on merit and genuine contributions. Future research should focus on understanding and addressing how authorship dynamics shape the perception and trustworthiness of scientific work, ensuring a balance that fosters both innovation and public confidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"1065-1074"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144559467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco smoking and sarcoidosis revisited-Evidence, mechanisms, and clinical implications: a narrative review.","authors":"Nadia Sweis, Arnaud Dominati, Supritha Prasad, Fatima Alnaimat, Mina Alawqati, Israel Rubinstein, Rachel Caskey","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2495852","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2495852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease with unclear etiology, influenced by genetic predisposition and environmental exposures. Smoking has been widely studied for its potential role in sarcoidosis, with conflicting evidence regarding its impact on disease risk, severity, and treatment response. While some epidemiologic studies suggest that smoking is associated with a lower risk of sarcoidosis, others highlight variations based on geography, ethnicity, and smoking history. Assessing the effects of smoking is particularly challenging because of the complex composition of tobacco smoke, which contains thousands of chemicals with diverse biologic effects. Nicotine, a major component of tobacco, has demonstrated both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties, further complicating its role in sarcoidosis. This narrative review explored the complex relationship between smoking and sarcoidosis by examining smoking's effects on immune modulation, disease presentation and prognosis, and response to immunosuppressive therapy. By summarizing current evidence, this paper aimed to clarify the impact of smoking and nicotine on sarcoidosis and identify key areas for future research, particularly in understanding the mechanisms underlying smoking-related immune modulation and treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"901-916"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}